Economic Income Research Articles

On the Economic Impacts of the Xinjiang Cotton Incident upon Indigenous Local Chinese Brands

Guided by the SWOT model, this thesis explores the economic impacts of the Xinjiang Cotton Incident upon indigenous local Chinese brands with a case study of Li Ning. Coupled with a comparative analysis method, this thesis analyses the changes on revenue and market development in 2020 and 2021 and finds that the Xinjiang Cotton Incident has great influences on Li Ning in economic income, market development, regional development and the development of relevant industries. From the perspective of domestic and international markets, the income of domestic market increases greatly, while the proportion of international market decreases. In a word, the revenue has been rising sharply in all aspects. In terms of the cotton industry and the sporting goods industry, it not only affects the production and sales of cotton in Xinjiang, but also seriously affects the safety of China's cotton industry and its downstream textile industry. But the revenue of domestic sports brands will continue to rise in the coming period. Domestic sports brands will usher in a new era of development. For the future development, Li Ning Company is supposed to position products and target consumer groups accurately, improve the quality of advertising, and to create a more distinctive brand culture.

New insights into the cation exchange resin-driven carbon migration and recovery from waste activated sludge: Mass transfer environment and cation exchange force

Innovative cation exchange resin (CER)-driven anaerobic fermentation showed significant promise for enhancing carbon recovery from waste activated sludge. However comprehensive microscopic studies on the responses of cation exchange environments have been scarcely reported. This study clarified the transport mechanism of divalent cations within the “sludge→CER→cation exchange groups” pathway, along with comprehensive evaluations of carbon migration and recovery. It demonstrated that the sludge suspension solid (SS) and cation exchange groups dominantly determined the CER treatment performance, instead of CER pore structure. The –COOH exhibited the strongest electrostatic-adsorption capacity among various cation exchange groups. Such mass transfer environment modification and cation exchange groups regulation could improve ionic charge removal to 4.91 mmol e−/g VSS. By macroporous-COOH CER treatment at sludge SS of 20 g/L, the overall carbon migration reached 192.66 mg C/g VSS (44.98 %). As such, the ultimate carbon recovery elevated to 120.34 mg C/g VSS (28.10 %), against the lower performances of 13.91–32.97 mg C/g VSS without cation exchange environment regulations. The cation exchange groups showed correlations with carbon migration, biotransformation, and recovery, as indicated by grey relational analysis degrees of 0.48–0.66. Simultaneously, by adopting the optimized regulation strategy of CER-driven anaerobic fermentation, the equivalent economic income raised to 410.93 CNY/ton sludge SS.

Effect of Organic Manure on Crop Yield, Soil Properties, and Economic Benefit in Wheat-Maize-Sunflower Rotation System, Hetao Irrigation District.

The combined application of manure and mineral fertilizer represents an effective strategy for enhancing crop yield. However, the relationship between soil fertility and crop yield remains unclear in saline-alkaline soil. Here, a 9-year field experiment (2015-2023) was conducted to investigate the effects of manure application and crop rotations on crop yield and economic efficiency as well as potential associated mechanisms in the Hetao Irrigation District. The results showed that in the third cropping rotation cycle, combined application of manure and mineral fertilizers (NPKO) caused a 6.2%, 38.9%, 65.3%, and 132.2% increase in wheat, sunflower, wheat equivalent yield, and the economic income of sunflower, respectively. The average grain yield had a positive correlation with soil organic matter and nutrient supply. This suggested that the soil organic matter had a positive effect on the crop yield due to its impact on nutrient supply. Simultaneously, the sunflower seed setting rate increased by 65.2% under NPKO. The linear regression model revealed that each additional input of 20 Mg ha-1 of manure resulted in an increase of 3.56 kg ha-1 in crop phosphorus harvest and a 0.05 Kg ha-1 increase in wheat equivalent yield compared to NPK. In conclusion, our results highlighted that manure application promotes soil properties and improves crop yield.

Pesticide Exposure in the Cultivation of Carica papaya L. and Capsicum annuum L. in Rural Areas of Oaxaca, Mexico.

This study focuses on describing the diversity of pesticides, the knowledge and behaviors of their use, and the acute poisoning symptoms (APS) derived from their exposure from two agricultural production systems (papaya-Carica papaya L.- and chili-Capsicum annuum L.-) in Oaxaca, Mexico. Through surveys, sociodemographic information, characteristics of the production system, knowledge and behaviors in the handling of pesticides, and APS perceived by users were captured. Papaya producers are younger, have fewer years of activity, and have larger agricultural areas than chili producers. Insect attacks and diseases are an essential factor for the application of pesticides. Thirty-one active ingredients (Ais) were identified in papaya and thirty-seven in chili, predominantly insecticides and fungicides of toxicological category IV. Approximately 50% of users apply mixtures of different Ais, have little knowledge and inappropriate behavior in their handling, and report up to five acute pesticide poisoning symptoms, mainly burning and irritation of the skin, burning eyes, itchy skin, runny nose, headache, and watery eyes. The production of papaya and chili are relevant activities for generating economic income, but they risk the producer's and their family's health. Both systems are a potential scenario for the manifestation of diseases due to exposure to pesticides in the medium and long term.

Factors that Influence the Increase in Business Income in the MSMEsCommunity of the Leather Industry Center of Yogyakarta City

The research aims to evaluate the impact of independent variables (product, price, distribution, and promotion ) on the dependent variable, which is the economic business income of MSMEs at the Yogyakarta City Leather Industry Center. This study surveyed 100 consumers from the MSMEs at this industrial center. The sample was selected using simple random sampling, and statistical data analysis was conducted using SPSS 25. The T-test results showed that each independent variable individually exerts a positive and significant effect on the dependent variable, the economic business income of the Yogyakarta MSME community. The calculated t values for the product, price, distribution, and promotion were 2.602, 2.111, 6.101, and 6.648, respectively, all exceeding the t-table value of 1.65, with probabilities of 0.011, 0.037, 0.000, and 0.000, respectively, all below the 0.05 threshold. Additionally, the F-test results indicated that the combined influence of the independent variables on the dependent variable was significant, with an F calculated value of 128.419 surpassing the F-table value of 3.87, and a probability value of 0.000, which is less than 0.05. Thus, it can be concluded that the independent variables collectively have a positive and significant impact on the economic business income of the MSME community.

Family out-of-pocket expenditure for type 2 diabetes mellitus care and percentage of family income.

Type 2 diabetes has economic implications involving family income and out-of-pocket spending. Determine family out-of-pocket expenditure for type 2 diabetes mellitus care and percentage of family income. Study of family out-of-pocket spending in families with patients with type 2 diabetes treated at primary care level. Out-of-pocket expenses included expenses for transportation, food-drinks, and external medications. Family income corresponded to the total economic income contributed by family members. The percentage of out-of-pocket spending in relation to family income was identified with the relationship between these two variables. Statistical analysis included averages and percentages. The annual family out-of-pocket expenditure on transportation was $2,621.24, the family out-of-pocket expenditure on food and beverages was $1,075.67, and the family out-of-pocket expenditure on external medications was $722.08. The total annual family out-of-pocket expense was $4,418.89 and corresponds to 4.73% of family income. The family out-of-pocket expense in the family with a patient with diabetes mellitus 2 was $4,418.89 and represents 4.73% of the family income.

Governmentality Practices in Community Empowerment: One Step to Create Economic Income and Social Protection in Pematang Johar Village, Deli Serdang Regency

Linking governmentality practices to community empowerment programs in rural areas is based on the Indonesian government's claim that the success of development in villages is due to the involvement of the central government in directing development planning in villages through the various technical regulations they issue. Village governments are only given space for elaboration and accommodation of regulations made by the central government based on local values, local potential, needs and interests of village communities. The existence of this space for elaboration and accommodation makes the practice of governmentality applicable in rural areas, namely giving freedom and authority to villages but at the same time directing them with various possible choices that are actually desired by the state. This article finds the operation of governmentality practices in the discourse of increasing economic welfare rationalized by the Pematang Johar Village Government for the community through the development of rice field tourism objects in their village. This discourse is able to change the village community's perception of the goals of village development, which until now have only been understood in terms of infrastructure development. Through this discourse, the village government is able to form empowered people; namely village people who are continuously trained in skills, corrected and disciplined. The self-adaptation that they carry out is of course aimed at increasing their capacity and quality from the status of the tasks they carry out daily in the rice field tourism which leads them to become economically prosperous.

Negative life events, sleep quality, and depression among older adults in Shandong Province, China: A conditional process analysis based on economic income.

Negative life events have been reported as a risk factor for depression. However, the mechanism between negative life events and depression is still unclear. This study aimed to explore the mediating role of sleep quality and the moderating role of economic income in the association between negative life events and depression among older adults aged 60 years and over. A multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to select elderly individuals over 60 years old in Shandong, China, making use of the Household Health Interview Survey (2020). In total, 3868 older adults completed the measures of negative life events, sleep quality, depression, and economic income. Negative life events positively predicted depression among the elderly (proportion of direct effect, 55.12%), and poor sleep quality could mediate this association (proportion of indirect effect, 44.87%). Economic income played a moderating role in the relationship between negative life events, sleep quality, and depression (the first and second half of the mediating effect, the direct effect of negative life events on depression). Both effects were weaker among the elderly with higher economic incomes. Negative life events had positive effects on depression in older adults. Economic income moderated the direct effect of negative life events and the mediating effect (first and second half) of sleep quality on depression. When the elderly experience negative life events, interventions for improving their sleep quality and financial support could effectively prevent depression. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 751-757.

Analysis of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Commercializing Sports Leagues Based on NBA Alliance

Through the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of commercialization in the NBA league, the conclusion drawn in this article is that the increase in the degree of commercialization ion of the league has a significant impact on the league's visibility, commercial value, economic income, and overall competitive level. It can also drive the development of the entire sports industry and the formation of a country's sports culture. In the process of commercialization, corresponding problems also arise. From the perspective of fairness, certain matches in the league may be affected by commercial interests in the terms of the fairness of referee calls and penalties. Sometimes, concessions may be made for the sake of the viewing and smoothness of the game, which can damage the interests of one team and violate the spirit of fairness and justice in sports. In addition, gray industries such as gambling and soccer are constantly emerging, which have a great impact and harm on society and are difficult to completely avoid. After decades of development, the NBA has successfully captured the development dividends of the media and Internet era, completed its own brand building, and pushed the NBA to the world. The NBA continuously improves its internal rules, introduces a series of policies, works closely with sponsors in various fields, and make it the world's number one professional basketball league. In order for China's professional basketball league to develop and grow on the path of professionalization and commercialization, in addition to learning and drawing on the NBA business model, it is also necessary to combine its own basic national conditions and basketball development status, formulate basketball league and culture with Chinese characteristics.

Effect of extrusion cooking on physical and thermal properties of instant flours: a review

The production of instant flour constitutes a fast-expanding sector, and, this is an innovative area, that is being modified adjusting continually its methodologies to enhance production efficiency, optimizing its resources, fostering innovation in its applications, and increasing its economic income. Among the methods widely cited for precooked flours production are spray drying, drum drying, and extrusion cooking, the latter emerging as a high-potential and versatile solution to produce such commodities. In this regard, a comprehensive understanding of the extrusion process, its mechanical principles, and its effects on the physical characteristics of extruded raw materials is necessary. Analyzing process parameters (specifical mechanical energy and mean residence time) is essential to achieve the desired outcomes. Furthermore, it was analyzed the effect of the process modification conditions (temperature, screw speed, and moisture content) on the physical characteristics of the extruded instant flours. This review offers insights into the most reported system parameters as Specifical Mechanical Energy (SME), Pressure, Torque and, physical properties assessed in different instant flour obtained by extrusion such as Water Absorption Index (WAI), Water Solubility Index (WSI), Swelling Power (SP), Rehydration Capacity, Wetting Capacity, Sinking, Dispersibility, Pasting properties, Thermal properties, and Color. The review summarized and discussed the behavior of the hygroscopic properties and the water affinity of different instant flours obtained by extrusion.

Government Efforts to Boost Rice Farmers' Harvest Yields

General Background: Economic development in developing countries aims to enhance economic growth, job opportunities, income distribution, and balance the economic structure. Specific Background: Indonesia, known as an agrarian country due to its fertile land, still relies on rice imports despite its agricultural potential. Knowledge Gap: The effectiveness of government roles in increasing rice production remains unclear, especially at the local level, where farmers face challenges with seed and fertilizer assistance. Aims: This study examines the government's role in increasing rice yields in Karangtanjung Village, Candi District, Sidoarjo Regency, focusing on its function as a stabilizer, innovator, pioneer, and implementer. Results: The findings reveal that the government’s role has been implemented but not fully effective. Farmers perceive challenges with assistance, notably in obtaining superior seeds and affordable, environmentally friendly fertilizers. Moreover, government efforts to enhance production through agricultural support face obstacles, including irrigation issues and limited farmer participation in training programs. Novelty: This study highlights the gaps in the current government interventions, emphasizing the need for improved policies to provide superior seeds and sustainable farming practices tailored to the specific conditions of Karangtanjung Village. Implications: For the government to enhance rice production effectively, there must be efforts to address the supply of superior seeds and environmentally friendly fertilizers, tailored training programs, and better irrigation systems to meet the needs of local farmers. This study underscores the importance of a more targeted approach in agricultural policy to ensure sustainable and increased crop yields. Highlights: Government acts as a stabilizer, innovator, pioneer, and implementer to support rice farming. Empowerment programs include providing seeds, fertilizer, irrigation systems, and agricultural machinery. Challenges remain in distribution, farmer education, and ensuring sustainable farming practices. Keywords: Government Role, Crop Yield, Rice Farmers, Agricultural Regulation, Village Empowerment

Research on water resources collaborative utilization based on complex networks: A case study of the Han River Basin

As China's social economy grows and the demand for water resources increases, the Han River Basin faces intensified supply-demand conflicts, reducing water resource utilization efficiency and threatening regional development. To address this, a network evolutionary game model based on complex network and evolutionary game theory was developed for collaborative water resource utilization. The study identified key dynamic factors influencing the game in the Han River Basin and analyzed its evolutionary rules. Simulations revealed that the profit-loss ratio and profit distribution rate significantly affect cooperative behavior. Furthermore, the network's topology exhibits small-world characteristics, and factors such as economic preferences, income distribution, and reward-punishment coefficients critically influence cooperation. Considering the current state of water resources and economic development, it is projected that comprehensive cooperation in the basin may take around 11 years to establish.

A Model for the Growth of Rubber Plantation in Banyuasin, South Sumatra, Indonesia

The paper focuses on the gross domestic regional product of Banyuasin regency. Its promising rubber plantation is the main reason. The paper analyzes the relationship between increased capitals, innovative agility, and contribution to regional economic growth. It applies convenient technique for sampling. Data were analyzed using the SEM-PLS tool. The results showed that increased capitals significantly affect innovative agility, which in turn affects contribution to regional economic income. In this case, innovative agility fully mediates relationship between increased capitals and contribution on regional economic. Keywords: innovative agility, regional economy

Independence of housewives through hydroponic urban farming as an effort to improve family economy

Background: This research aims to delve into the potential of independence and increasing family economic income through hydroponic urban farming in the Women Farmers Group (KWT) of Anggrek, Bara-Baraya District, Makassar City, using a qualitative approach. The main focus of this research is to deeply understand how hydroponic urban farming affects the economy and independence of families, taking into account the experiences, perceptions, and social impacts of active participation in this activity. Methods: The research methodology used is a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews as the main data collection instrument. The research sample consists of 3 housewives and 1 government official who have been involved in hydroponic urban farming. The interview process was conducted in a structured manner, focusing on aspects of personal experience, changes in lifestyle, and the role of urban farming in improving family economics. This study is structured using qualitative analysis and further elaborated with descriptive writing methods. Finding: The research findings indicate that hydroponic urban farming has a significant positive impact on the independence and increasing economic income of families. Conclusion: Hydroponic urban farming significantly enhances women's economic self-reliance, offering policy insights for optimizing implementation and productivity. Novelty/Originality of this Study: This study explores the economic empowerment of urban housewives through hydroponic urban farming, specifically within the Anggrek’s KWT in Makassar City. This research uniquely addresses the dual impact of hydroponic farming on enhancing family income and ensuring food security, focusing on the often-overlooked demographic of housewives in urban settings.

Analytical study on the impact of legal and legislative reforms in Saudi Arabia laws on women’s empowerment and economic growth

Women play a pivotal role in national development, and it is essential for every country to harness their skills to promote economic growth and comprehensive development. The purpose of the current study is to analyze and evaluation the impact of the most recent legislatives and legal reforms in the Saudi Arabia laws in the women’s empowering and economic growth. In addition, the research method is used is analyzing laws, regulations, and reports documents related to women rights in Saudi Arabia to clarify its impact on the women’s empowerments and economic developments. The study’s results indicate a significant and positive impact of recent legal and legislative reforms in Saudi Arabia on women’s empowerment and economic growth. Legal reforms have expanded employment opportunities and fostered entrepreneurship among women, resulting in increased workforce participation and a rise in women-owned businesses. Social empowerment has been enhanced through greater autonomy and improved access to education and vocational training, equipping women with competitive skills. Additionally, reforms have facilitated women’s participation in governance that creating a safer and more equitable environment. These changes have contributed positively to the economic incomes and diversification that reflecting the efforts undertaken by the Kingdom to enhance women’s empowerment and ensure the sustainability of reforms to achieve the ambitious goals of the Kingdome Vision 2030.

UPAYA PENCEGAHAN DEMAM BERDARAH MELALUI LINTAS PROGRAM BERTERNAK IKAN CUPANG (BETTA SPLENDENS) DI DUSUN MERTOSANAN DESA POTORONO BANTUL

The area of Banguntapan Sub-district is a lowland area with a high density, every change of season the incidence of Dengue Fever is quite high, efforts are needed to suppress the development of mosquitoes. One way to break the chain of mosquito breeding is to raise Betta fish, which aims to increase economic income from fish farming. Counseling on fish farming activities in order to prevent mosquito breeding. A total of 23 participants in the Pre-test and Post-test Evaluation of Health Counseling Activities on DHF and its prevention were in the good range. While the results of the evaluation of counseling activities by training participants were in the satisfactory range. Efforts are needed to prevent DHF using simple technology not only to have an impact on reducing incidence and increasing family economy through Betta farming.

Menumbuhkan Kreativitas dan Kemandirian Ekonomi melalui Wirausaha Buket

This entrepreneurial activity is carried out in the form of training in making flower bouquets and assistance in efforts to maintain and develop the business being formed. This entrepreneurial activity was motivated by the condition of the productive age population in the city of Mataram, NTB, especially in Lendang Lekong village. The productive age population consists of teenagers who are members of youth organizations. The results of the activities carried out show an increase in entrepreneurial attitudes, knowledge and skills in making bouquets and running a bouquet business to gain economic income.

The Big Tradeoff averted: five avenues to promote efficiency and equality simultaneously

Society as a whole faces a host of economic tradeoffs, many of which emerge around economic policies. An example of tradeoffs that any society faces in many economic realms is the tradeoff between economic efficiency and income equality (aka the efficiency-equality tradeoff). This tradeoff has been called “the Big Tradeoff” by the esteemed economist Arthur Okun, who also termed it “the Double Standard of a Capitalist Democracy.” Although the efficiency-equality tradeoff is more or less an inevitable tradeoff in most societal settings and economic contexts, there are still some special circumstances in which this tradeoff can be avoided. This paper identifies five such avenues and elaborates on why and how the tradeoff between these two somewhat contradictory societal goals—efficiency and equality—can be deftly averted under the mentioned circumstances. These avenues with their transformative potential can and should be used so that a capitalist society as an integrated whole can promote both efficiency and equality at the same time under these scenarios and avoid facing the Big Tradeoff in cases where it is evitable. Static and dynamic economic models are developed, solved, and applied to facilitate the articulation and exposition of the main points of each solution with formal rigor and logical coherence. Finally, policy implications are discussed.

Metabolomics and transcriptomics combined with physiology reveal key metabolic pathway responses in tobacco roots exposed to NaHS

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as a novel endogenous gas signaling molecule, joining the ranks of nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Recent research has highlighted its involvement in various physiological processes, such as promoting root organogenesis, regulating stomatal movement and photosynthesis, and enhancing plant growth, development, and stress resistance. Tobacco, a significant cash crop crucial for farmers’ economic income, relies heavily on root development to affect leaf growth, disease resistance, chemical composition, and yield. Despite its importance, there remains a scarcity of studies investigating the role of H2S in promoting tobacco growth. This study exposed tobacco seedlings to different concentrations of NaHS (an exogenous H2S donor) − 0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg/L. Results indicated a positive correlation between NaHS concentration and root length, wet weight, root activity, and antioxidant enzymatic activities (CAT, SOD, and POD) in tobacco roots. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that treatment with 600 mg/L NaHS significantly effected 162 key genes, 44 key enzymes, and two metabolic pathways (brassinosteroid synthesis and aspartate biosynthesis) in tobacco seedlings. The addition of exogenous NaHS not only promoted tobacco root development but also potentially reduced pesticide usage, contributing to a more sustainable ecological environment. Overall, this study sheds light on the primary metabolic pathways involved in tobacco root response to NaHS, offering new genetic insights for future investigations into plant root development.

Investigation of spiritual ıntelligence levels of active football players

The aim of this study is to examine the spiritual intelligence levels of active soccer players according to various variables. A survey model was used in this quantitative study. The study group consisted of 517 football players actively playing football in the 1st Amateur League, Super Amateur League and Regional Amateur League. Snowball sampling, a non-probability sampling method, was used to collect the data. The first part of the measurement tool, which consists of two parts, includes questions prepared for the demographic information of the participants. The second part includes the "Spiritual Intelligence Scale" adapted into Turkish by Erduran-Tekin & Ekşi (2019). Independent sample test (T-test) and one-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA) were applied to the data obtained. According to the results of the data analysis, Welch values were taken into consideration depending on the homogeneity assumption of the data and Tukey test, one of the Post Hoc tests, was applied as a second level test. The total score and sub-dimensions of spiritual intelligence differ statistically according to marital status, age, occupation, economic income and practicing sports. The fact that football players tell the problems they experience to the people around them (family members), the maturity that occurs in individuals with the advancement of age, the assurance and personal rights they have in the profession, having an economic income that they can feel comfortable and doing sports increase the level of spiritual intelligence. Keywords: Active sports participation, football, spiritual intelligence, 1st amateur league, 2nd amateur league, regional amateur league.