Inclusive Production Research Articles

Inclusive production of fully charmed tetraquarks at the LHC

Inclusive production of fully charmed tetraquarks at the LHC

Looking at Participant Engagement for Product Design Through a Critical Lens

Human factors focus on taking the users’ capabilities, limitations, and environment into consideration when developing products. Thus, it is essential to have diverse perspectives and voices when designing products to be used by a variety of users. However, this is not always done and can be a missed opportunity in developing inclusive products. In this panel, we bring together researchers from different sectors to discuss challenges and strategies to engage a diverse research population at different stages in the product design process. Topics include research planning and the design process; data collection methods; and community- and participant-level recruitment. We hope that by sharing our experiences, we can prepare others to have the conversations needed that will allow them to successfully approach these topics.

DESIGNING A WAQF-BASED AGRICULTURAL FINANCING MODEL

Limited access to financing, followed by the difficulty in the absorption of crop yields, is still a fundamental problem for farmers. This study proposes an integrated agricultural low-cost financing model based on cash waqf along with its parameters and risk mitigation. The proposed model is developed from a literature review underpinned by in-depth interviews with 17 experts (regulators, academia, and practitioners), followed by a Focus Group Discussion, and finally validated by the key experts. Findings reveal that cash waqf fund could be used as a low-cost financing with several risk mitigation procedures to finance farmers who have hardship accessing financing. Through institutional engineering, a nazhir (overseer) will involve a specialist vehicle in developing a value chain to facilitate off-takers ready to buy farmers' crops at competitive prices. The proposed model employs Mudharaba-Salam and Ijara schemes. The associated risks can be mitigated by a comprehensive feasibility study, using takaful/guarantee or reserve funds and financial restructuring. This model is expected to improve farmer welfare and national food security and deepen inclusive Islamic financial products in the agricultural sector.

Socio-economic and Security Effects of Financial Exclusion in Africa: An Experts’ View

Financial exclusion in Africa has significant social, economic and security implications that hinder economic development and perpetuate inequality. Financial exclusion in Africa limits access to formal financial services for marginalized populations, exacerbating economic inequality and impeding wealth accumulation. It also hampers entrepreneurial activities and stifles economic growth by restricting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from accessing credit and financial resources. Moreover, financial exclusion creates barriers to essential services such as education, healthcare, and housing, exacerbating social inequalities and exclusion. Additionally, it increases vulnerability to fraudulent activities and illicit networks, posing security risks within societies. Addressing financial exclusion requires a collaborative approach involving governments, financial institutions, FinTech companies, and civil society organizations. This approach focuses on enhancing financial literacy, expanding access to affordable and inclusive financial products, leveraging technology and digital solutions, and establishing an enabling regulatory environment. By prioritizing financial inclusion, Africa can reduce poverty, stimulate economic growth, promote social integration, and enhance security within societies. Implementing inclusive financial policies and embracing technological innovations are crucial steps toward building a more inclusive and resilient financial ecosystem in Africa.

Inclusive and multiplicity dependent production of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in pp and p-Pb collisions

Measurements of the production of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in pp collisions at sqrt{s} = 13 TeV at midrapidity with the ALICE detector are presented down to a transverse momentum (pT) of 0.2 GeV/c and up to pT = 35 GeV/c, which is the largest momentum range probed for inclusive electron measurements in ALICE. In p-Pb collisions, the production cross section and the nuclear modification factor of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays are measured in the pT range 0.5 < pT< 26 GeV/c at sqrt{s_{textrm{NN}}} = 8.16 TeV. The nuclear modification factor is found to be consistent with unity within the statistical and systematic uncertainties. In both collision systems, first measurements of the yields of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in different multiplicity intervals normalised to the multiplicity-integrated yield (self-normalised yield) at midrapidity are reported as a function of the self-normalised charged-particle multiplicity estimated at midrapidity. The self-normalised yields in pp and p-Pb collisions grow faster than linear with the self-normalised multiplicity. A strong pT dependence is observed in pp collisions, where the yield of high-pT electrons increases faster as a function of multiplicity than the one of low-pT electrons. The measurement in p-Pb collisions shows no pT dependence within uncertainties. The self-normalised yields in pp and p-Pb collisions are compared with measurements of other heavy-flavour, light-flavour, and strange particles, and with Monte Carlo simulations.

Combination of inclusive top-quark pair production cross-section measurements using ATLAS and CMS data at sqrt{s} = 7 and 8 TeV

A combination of measurements of the inclusive top-quark pair production cross-section performed by ATLAS and CMS in proton–proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV at the LHC is presented. The cross-sections are obtained using top-quark pair decays with an opposite-charge electron–muon pair in the final state and with data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 5 fb−1 at sqrt{s} = 7 TeV and about 20 fb−1 at sqrt{s} = 8 TeV for each experiment. The combined cross-sections are determined to be 178.5 ± 4.7 pb at sqrt{s} = 7 TeV and {243.3}_{-5.9}^{+6.0} pb at sqrt{s} = 8 TeV with a correlation of 0.41, using a reference top-quark mass value of 172.5 GeV. The ratio of the combined cross-sections is determined to be R8/7 = 1.363 ± 0.032. The combined measured cross-sections and their ratio agree well with theory calculations using several parton distribution function (PDF) sets. The values of the top-quark pole mass (with the strong coupling fixed at 0.118) and the strong coupling (with the top-quark pole mass fixed at 172.5 GeV) are extracted from the combined results by fitting a next-to-next-to-leading-order plus next-to-next-to-leading-log QCD prediction to the measurements. Using a version of the NNPDF3.1 PDF set containing no top-quark measurements, the results obtained are {m}_t^{textrm{pole}}={173.4}_{-2.0}^{+1.8} GeV and {alpha}_{textrm{s}}left({m}_Zright)={0.1170}_{-0.0018}^{+0.0021} .

Building the Business Case for an Inclusive Approach to Digital Health Measurement With a Web App (Market Opportunity Calculator): Instrument Development Study.

The use of digital health measurement tools has grown substantially in recent years. However, there are concerns that the promised benefits from these products will not be shared equitably. Underserved populations, such as those with lower education and income, racial and ethnic minorities, and those with disabilities, may find such tools poorly suited for their needs. Because underserved populations shoulder a disproportionate share of the US disease burden, they also represent a substantial share of digital health companies' target markets. Incorporating inclusive principles into the product development process can help ensure that the resulting tools are broadly accessible and effective. In this context, inclusivity not only maximizes societal benefit but also leads to greater commercial success. A critical element in fostering inclusive product development is building the business case for why it is worthwhile. The Digital Health Measurement Collaborative Community (DATAcc) Market Opportunity Calculator was developed as an open-access resource to enable digital health measurement product developers to build a business case for incorporating inclusive practices into their research and development processes. The DATAcc Market Opportunity Calculator combines data on population demographics and disease prevalence and health status from the US Census Bureau and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Together, these data are used to calculate the share of US adults with specific conditions (eg, diabetes) falling into various population segments along key "inclusion vectors" (eg, race and ethnicity). A free and open resource, the DATAcc Market Opportunity Calculator can be accessed from the DATAcc website. Users first select the target health condition addressed by their product, and then an inclusion vector to segment the patient population. The calculator displays each segment as a share of the overall US adult population and its share specifically among adults with the target condition, quantifying the importance of underserved patient segments to the target market. The calculator also estimates the value of improvements to product inclusivity by modeling the downstream impact on the accessible market size. For example, simplifying prompts on a hypertension-focused product to make it more accessible for adults with lower educational attainment is shown by the calculator to increase the target market by 2 million people and the total addressable market opportunity by US $200 million. Digital health measurement is still in its infancy. Now is the time to establish a precedent for inclusive product development to maximize societal benefit and build sustainable commercial returns. The Market Opportunity Calculator can help build the business case for "why"-showing how inclusivity can translate to financial opportunity. Once the decision has been made to pursue inclusive design, other components of the broader DATAcc toolkit for inclusive product development can support the "how."

Inclusive photon production at forward rapidities in pp and p–Pb collisions at sqrt{{{s}}_{textrm{NN}}}={5.02} TeV

A study of multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions of inclusive photons measured in pp and p–Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon–nucleon collision of sqrt{s_{textrm{NN}}}~=~5.02 TeV using the ALICE detector in the forward pseudorapidity region 2.3 <~eta _textrm{lab} ~< 3.9 is presented. Measurements in p–Pb collisions are reported for two beam configurations in which the directions of the proton and lead ion beam were reversed. The pseudorapidity distributions in p–Pb collisions are obtained for seven centrality classes which are defined based on different event activity estimators, i.e., the charged-particle multiplicity measured at midrapidity as well as the energy deposited in a calorimeter at beam rapidity. The inclusive photon multiplicity distributions for both pp and p–Pb collisions are described by double negative binomial distributions. The pseudorapidity distributions of inclusive photons are compared to those of charged particles at midrapidity in pp collisions and for different centrality classes in p–Pb collisions. The results are compared to predictions from various Monte Carlo event generators. None of the generators considered in this paper reproduces the inclusive photon multiplicity distributions in the reported multiplicity range. The pseudorapidity distributions are, however, better described by the same generators.

Diversity of epistemologies in African higher education: an interdisciplinary perspective on the contribution of digital communities of practice to equitable knowledge production

This interdisciplinary article proposes a holistic approach to address challenges faced by African higher education owing to the shift to digital technology and online learning. The approach draws on theories of knowledge to promote equitable knowledge production and bridge the digital divide. The article highlights the potential of communities of practice as a complementary tool to indigenous methods and calls for the use of all available resources, including indigenous languages, to overcome existing inequalities and promote dynamic knowledge construction. The importance of understanding the historical influence of colonial and pre-colonial practices on epistemology is also emphasized. The article offers innovative approaches and insights to support equitable and inclusive knowledge production in African higher education contexts, with a focus on the Western region of the continent, facilitated by novel technologies that have been rolled out in learning institutions globally.

Production of {textrm{K}}_{textrm{S}}^0 , Λ ( overline{Lambda} ), Ξ±, and Ω± in jets and in the underlying event in pp and p–Pb collisions

The production of strange hadrons ( {textrm{K}}_{textrm{S}}^0 , Λ, Ξ±, and Ω±), baryon-to-meson ratios (Λ/ {textrm{K}}_{textrm{S}}^0 , Ξ/ {textrm{K}}_{textrm{S}}^0 , and Ω/ {textrm{K}}_{textrm{S}}^0 ), and baryon-to-baryon ratios (Ξ/Λ, Ω/Λ, and Ω/Ξ) associated with jets and the underlying event were measured as a function of transverse momentum (pT) in pp collisions at sqrt{s} = 13 TeV and p Pb collisions at sqrt{s_{textrm{NN}}} = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The inclusive production of the same particle species and the corresponding ratios are also reported. The production of multi-strange hadrons, Ξ± and Ω±, and their associated particle ratios in jets and in the underlying event are measured for the first time. In both pp and p–Pb collisions, the baryon-to-meson and baryon-to-baryon yield ratios measured in jets differ from the inclusive particle production for low and intermediate hadron pT (0.6–6 GeV/c). Ratios measured in the underlying event are in turn similar to those measured for inclusive particle production. In pp collisions, the particle production in jets is compared with Pythia 8 predictions with three colour-reconnection implementation modes. None of them fully reproduces the data in the measured hadron pT region. The maximum deviation is observed for Ξ± and Ω± which reaches a factor of about six. The event multiplicity dependence is further investigated in p−Pb collisions. In contrast to what is observed in the underlying event, there is no significant event-multiplicity dependence for particle production in jets. The presented measurements provide novel constraints on hadronisation and its Monte Carlo description. In particular, they demonstrate that the fragmentation of jets alone is insufficient to describe the strange and multi-strange particle production in hadronic collisions at LHC energies.

Inclusive and differential cross-sections for dilepton toverline{t} production measured in sqrt{s} = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

Differential and double-differential distributions of kinematic variables of leptons from decays of top-quark pairs ( toverline{t} ) are measured using the full LHC Run 2 data sample collected with the ATLAS detector. The data were collected at a pp collision energy of sqrt{s} = 13 TeV and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 140 fb−1. The measurements use events containing an oppositely charged eμ pair and b-tagged jets. The results are compared with predictions from several Monte Carlo generators. While no prediction is found to be consistent with all distributions, a better agreement with measurements of the lepton pT distributions is obtained by reweighting the toverline{t} sample so as to reproduce the top-quark pT distribution from an NNLO calculation. The inclusive top-quark pair production cross-section is measured as well, both in a fiducial region and in the full phase-space. The total inclusive cross-section is found to beσtt¯=829±1stat±13syst±8lumi±2beampb,\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ {\\sigma}_{t\\overline{t}}=829\\pm 1\\ \\left(\ extrm{stat}\\right)\\pm 13\\ \\left(\ extrm{syst}\\right)\\pm 8\\ \\left(\ extrm{lumi}\\right)\\pm 2\\ \\left(\ extrm{beam}\\right)\\ \ extrm{pb}, $$\\end{document}where the uncertainties are due to statistics, systematic effects, the integrated luminosity and the beam energy. This is in excellent agreement with the theoretical expectation.

Knowing from conflict: interculturality as a space of interaction for the production of knowledges

ABSTRACT This article problematizes the interaction between diverse actors for the production of knowledges. From a phenomenological approach of three different experiences, I argue that the concept of interculturality and the practice of knowledge production based on it, will allow more symmetrical processes, with better knowledges, with a greater empowerment of non-academic communities, and with a more inclusive knowledge production from academic communities. I rely on political ontology to show that interactions cannot aspire (only) to dialogue and collaboration as a normative horizon, but that the production of knowledge requires the recognition of conflict. I consider interculturality can help to produce an interaction that incorporates conflict as an expression of ontological difference, which enhances its transformative character by recognizing asymmetries, establishing meeting points, and rethinking the methods used in interaction.

Measurement of the Higgs boson inclusive and differential fiducial production cross sections in the diphoton decay channel with pp collisions at sqrt{s} = 13 TeV

The measurements of the inclusive and differential fiducial cross sections of the Higgs boson decaying to a pair of photons are presented. The analysis is performed using proton-proton collisions data recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb−1. The inclusive fiducial cross section is measured to be {sigma}_{textrm{fid}}={73.4}_{-5.3}^{+5.4}{left(textrm{stat}right)}_{-2.2}^{+2.4}left(textrm{syst}right) fb, in agreement with the standard model expectation of 75.4 ± 4.1 fb. The measurements are also performed in fiducial regions targeting different production modes and as function of several observables describing the diphoton system, the number of additional jets present in the event, and other kinematic observables. Two double differential measurements are performed. No significant deviations from the standard model expectations are observed.

Inclusive-photon production and its dependence on photon isolation in pp collisions at sqrt{s} = 13 TeV using 139 fb−1 of ATLAS data

Measurements of differential cross sections are presented for inclusive isolated-photon production in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV provided by the LHC and using 139 fb−1 of data recorded by the ATLAS experiment. The cross sections are measured as functions of the photon transverse energy in different regions of photon pseudorapidity. The photons are required to be isolated by means of a fixed-cone method with two different cone radii. The dependence of the inclusive-photon production on the photon isolation is investigated by measuring the fiducial cross sections as functions of the isolation-cone radius and the ratios of the differential cross sections with different radii in different regions of photon pseudorapidity. The results presented in this paper constitute an improvement with respect to those published by ATLAS earlier: the measurements are provided for different isolation radii and with a more granular segmentation in photon pseudorapidity that can be exploited in improving the determination of the proton parton distribution functions. These improvements provide a more in-depth test of the theoretical predictions. Next-to-leading-order QCD predictions from JETPHOX and SHERPA and next-to-next-to-leading-order QCD predictions from NNLOJET are compared to the measurements, using several parameterisations of the proton parton distribution functions. The measured cross sections are well described by the fixed-order QCD predictions within the experimental and theoretical uncertainties in most of the investigated phase-space region.

Vector Quarkonia at the LHC with Jethad: A High-Energy Viewpoint

In this review, we discuss and extend the study of the inclusive production of vector quarkonia, J/ψ and Υ, emitted with large transverse momenta and rapidities at the LHC. We adopt the novel ZCW19+ determination of fragmentation functions to depict the quarkonium production mechanism at the next-to-leading level of perturbative QCD. This approach is based on the nonrelativistic QCD formalism well adapted to describe the formation of a quarkonium state from the collinear fragmentation of a gluon or a constituent heavy quark at the lowest energy scale. We rely upon the NLL/NLO+ hybrid high-energy and collinear factorization for differential cross-sections, where the collinear formalism is enhanced by the BFKL resummation of next-to-leading energy logarithms arising in the t-channel. We employ the method to analyze the behavior of the rapidity distributions for double-inclusive vector quarkonium and inclusive vector quarkonium plus jet emissions. We discover that the natural stability of the high-energy series, previously seen in observables sensitive to the emission of hadrons with heavy flavor detected in the rapidity acceptance of LHC barrel calorimeters, becomes even more manifest when these particles are tagged in forward regions covered by endcaps. Our findings present the important message that vector quarkonia at the LHC via hybrid factorization offer a unique chance to perform precision studies of high-energy QCD, as well as an intriguing opportunity to shed light on the quarkonium production puzzle.

Measurements of Higgs boson production in the decay channel with a pair of uptau leptons in proton–proton collisions at sqrt{s}=13 TeV

Measurements of Higgs boson production, where the Higgs boson decays into a pair of uptau leptons, are presented, using a sample of proton-proton collisions collected with the CMS experiment at a center-of-mass energy of , corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138,text {fb}^{-1}. Three analyses are presented. Two are targeting Higgs boson production via gluon fusion and vector boson fusion: a neural network based analysis and an analysis based on an event categorization optimized on the ratio of signal over background events. These are complemented by an analysis targeting vector boson associated Higgs boson production. Results are presented in the form of signal strengths relative to the standard model predictions and products of cross sections and branching fraction to uptau leptons, in up to 16 different kinematic regions. For the simultaneous measurements of the neural network based analysis and the analysis targeting vector boson associated Higgs boson production signal strengths are found to be 0.82pm 0.11 for inclusive Higgs boson production, 0.67pm 0.19 (0.81pm 0.17) for the production mainly via gluon fusion (vector boson fusion), and 1.79pm 0.45 for vector boson associated Higgs boson production.

Resummation and renormalization of kinematical effects in inclusive P-wave quarkonium production

We investigate the renormalization properties of the shape function formalism for inclusive production of P-wave heavy quarkonia, which arises from resumming a class of corrections coming from kinematical effects associated with the motion of the heavy quark and antiquark pair relative to the quarkonium. Such kinematical effects are encoded in the nonperturbative shape functions, which are normalized to the corresponding nonrelativistic QCD long-distance matrix elements. By using the known ultraviolet divergences in the matrix elements, we derive the large-momentum asymptotic behavior of the shape functions. This strongly constrains the form of the shape functions and significantly reduces the dependence on the nonperturbative model. Based on these results we show that the shape function formalism at loop level can be useful in taming the threshold logarithms at large transverse momentum, and at small transverse momentum the kinematical corrections reduce the sizes of χc and χb cross sections which may improve agreement with measurements.

Making sense of (un)sustainable food: creation of sharable narratives in citizen-participating farming

There has been broad recognition that current food systems need to go through a process of transformation and transition. In the similar way that other areas have transitioned to be more sustainable, the transition process for food systems has some issues related to justice in terms of achieving more sustainable and inclusive food production, distribution and consumption. Acknowledging the importance of these issues, this article aims to understand how knowledge about desired changes is produced and shared among people engaged in activities to transform food production and consumption. To this end, it analyses the short narratives of urban citizens in Japan engaged in participatory farming, adopting the concepts focusing on the contrasts embedded in the short stories, learning from risk studies. The farmer, volunteer staff members and urban citizens collaborate to grow rice using traditional techniques. Their narratives reveal some contrasts in how they used to engage with food, farms and the local environment, and their engagement now. Furthermore, it was observed that these citizens reconfirm the importance of knowledge learned through actual work on the farm and the different roles played by the farmer, volunteers and local participants in creating and passing on knowledge. In such ways, people’s interaction leads to the creation of shared meanings of “appropriateness” in terms of existing and emerging food-related practices. This matter of meaning-making for “appropriateness” is often overlooked in the discussion of the justice in food systems’ transitions.

Inclusive green productivity growth in China: identification of sources and evolutionary patterns

Inclusive green productivity growth in China: identification of sources and evolutionary patterns

Inclusive innovation for the BoP: It's a matter of survival!

The private sector provision of inclusive product/service innovations to “base of the pyramid” (BoP) communities poses varied challenges to different private sector actors such as multinationals, domestic firms, and non-corporates. There is uncertainty regarding the viability of the BoP approach, that inclusive product innovation creation and diffusion can create “mutual value” by improving the lives of BoP communities, while also generating profit for innovators. Our paper contributes to this ongoing debate by highlighting the conditions under which introduction of inclusive innovations can create mutual value in BoP contexts. A framework mapping out the challenges (or chasms) encountered during the design, production, marketing, adoption, and diffusion phases of the inclusive innovation (DePMAD framework) is developed. It is then validated using 57 published case studies of inclusive product innovations, of which only 44 % of the innovations were still catering to the BoP after six years. QCA and univariate analysis show alternative paths and highlight the key role of partnerships for survival of inclusive innovations in the market. Not all chasms are equally important in explaining survival patterns, with the design and adoption chasms being most critical. Innovations introduced by non-corporate entities survive more often than those by corporate entities.