Inclusive Process Research Articles

Errors and bias in marine conservation and fisheries literature: Their impact on policies and perceptions

Sound and effective policies, informed by reliable science, are needed to ensure sustainable well-being of oceans and marine resources. Scientific publications often influence evolving policies and inform the public, but sometimes contain errors. The prevalence of papers conveying unjustified messages and with potential to influence public perceptions and policies is concerning. This paper focuses on marine examples that have led to exaggeration of negative impacts on ecosystems, particularly from fisheries, but the criticisms and recommendations also apply more generally. Examples are given of papers on high profile topics that used flawed assumptions or methods, leading to some misleading findings. All examples were eventually followed by published rebuttals. Such papers, often accompanied by media campaigns, can lead to inappropriate policy choices, and other negative outcomes. Science is eventually self-correcting but often too slowly to prevent flawed perceptions and policies. Problems should be corrected before publication. A common weakness in the publication process is inadequate peer-review. Shortcomings at the level of editor can also contribute to the failures. Pressure on scientists to publish, leading to increasing numbers of papers, puts reviewers under more pressure and makes it harder for editors to find suitable ones. Recommendations to avoid the impact of flawed science on policies are made within the framework of a three-legged stool consisting of: (1) scientists who strive for objectivity and accuracy; (2) journals with editors and referees better equipped to guard against unreliable scientific publications; and (3) transparent and inclusive scientific processes to formulate advice on policies and their implementation.

Baryon-number — flavor separation in the topological expansion of QCD

Gauge invariance of QCD dictates the presence of string junctions in the wave functions of baryons. In high-energy inclusive processes, these baryon junctions have been predicted to induce the separation of the flows of baryon number and flavor. In this paper we describe this phenomenon using the analog-gas model of multiparticle production proposed long time ago by Feynman and Wilson and adapted here to accommodate the topological expansion in QCD. In this framework, duality arguments suggest the existence of two degenerate junction-antijunction glueball Regge trajectories of opposite C\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\mathcal{C} $$\\end{document}-parity with intercept close to 1/2. The corresponding results for the energy and rapidity dependence of baryon stopping are in reasonably good agreement with recent experimental findings from STAR and ALICE experiments. We show that accounting for correlations between the fragmenting strings further improves agreement with the data, and outline additional experimental tests of our picture at the existing (RHIC, LHC, JLab) and future (EIC) facilities.

Developing a Participatory Action Research Analytic Network to Advance a More Inclusive Process to Housing Research

Community residents have repeatedly organized and identified policy solutions to address rapidly increasing housing pressures within the greater Boston area. However, resident expertise is often dismissed as anecdotal. Since 2015, The Healthy Neighborhoods Research Consortium (HNRC) has used a participatory action research (PAR) approach to articulate research questions, design mixed methods instruments, collect and analyze data, and share findings to meet community-identified research priorities. We argue in favor of research processes that enable resident experiences and expertise to be used in conjunction with quantitative data analysis, and that support real-time action to address the harms of gentrification in their communities. The goals of this brief are to describe the HNRC’s process for developing a “PAR Analytic Network” — a program focused on building community residents’ power to create new academic partnerships for the purpose of answering their broader systems-level questions. Based on our experience we offer four recommendations: 1) Apply a PAR approach to identify research question(s) of mutual interest; 2) Community control over the academic partner selection process; 3) Academic Partners: Trust the PAR process; and 4) Community Residents: Identify the Silver Linings.

Thinking, a diverse and inclusive process: An epistemological look

Contemporary education has taken on the challenge of promoting different programs aimed at promoting inclusive teaching-learning processes that facilitate attention to diversity. It is evident that the integration of students with special needs in regular educational centers has caused significant changes in the curriculum, infrastructure and training among teachers. In the last ten years, educational inclusion has made significant progress, but much remains to be done to expand inclusive spaces.

Enhancing sustainable development in the energy sector through strategic commercial negotiations

Sustainable development in the energy sector necessitates a delicate balance between economic growth, environmental stewardship, and social well-being. Strategic commercial negotiations play a pivotal role in achieving this balance, facilitating agreements that align with sustainable development goals (SDGs). This paper explores the intersection of commercial negotiations and sustainable energy practices, emphasizing how strategic negotiations can drive progress towards sustainability. In the contemporary energy landscape, the shift towards renewable energy sources and the implementation of green technologies have become imperative. Effective commercial negotiations are essential in securing investments, fostering partnerships, and establishing frameworks that support the adoption and integration of sustainable practices. Key negotiation strategies include the incorporation of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria, long-term planning, and the adoption of flexible yet robust contract structures. ESG considerations ensure that negotiations address not only financial outcomes but also the broader impact on society and the environment. By prioritizing ESG factors, negotiators can promote responsible business practices that mitigate environmental risks and enhance social benefits. Additionally, long-term planning in negotiations enables stakeholders to align their objectives with global sustainability targets, such as the Paris Agreement and the United Nations SDGs, ensuring that energy projects contribute positively to climate action and sustainable development. The adoption of flexible contract structures is also critical. These structures should accommodate technological advancements and evolving regulatory frameworks, allowing for adaptive management of energy projects. Such adaptability is crucial in a sector characterized by rapid innovation and changing market dynamics. Furthermore, collaborative approaches in negotiations, involving multiple stakeholders including governments, private sector entities, and civil society, can foster inclusive and transparent decision-making processes, enhancing the legitimacy and acceptance of negotiated agreements. In conclusion, strategic commercial negotiations are instrumental in advancing sustainable development in the energy sector. By integrating ESG criteria, long-term planning, and flexible contract structures, negotiators can secure agreements that not only drive economic growth but also promote environmental sustainability and social equity. This approach ensures that the energy sector can contribute effectively to global sustainability goals, creating a resilient and sustainable future. Keywords: Energy Sector, Enhancing, Sustainable Development, Strategic, Commercial Negotiations.

A Comparative Analysis of English Language Student and Teacher Training in Inclusive Education and Specific Learning Difficulties in Canton Sarajevo in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of topics on inclusive education and Specific Learning Difficulties (SpLDs) provided in initial and continuing training opportunities for English language students and teachers in Canton Sarajevo in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The study follows a convergent mixed methods design with an explanatory nature. A questionnaire was used to gather both quantitative and qualitative data on student and teacher views about training in inclusive education and SpLDs at the English Department of the University of Sarajevo and the formal English language teacher professional development programs in Canton Sarajevo. The results suggest that teachers are exposed to more topics on inclusion and SpLDs in their professional training compared to students and potential future English language teachers in their initial training, with a focus on strategies of reflective practice to inclusive language teaching and language learning processes of students with SpLDs.

Supramolecular chemistry in cyclodextrin inclusion complexes: The formation rules of terpenes/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes

Supramolecular chemistry of cyclodextrins (CDs) inclusion complexes is a hot research topic at present, but current studies often focus on the host-guest interaction between CDs and hydrophobic substances, while ignoring the self-assembly behavior of the host and guest during the inclusion process. Based on the spatial structures, six representative terpenes were selected in this study, and the stoichiometric ratio between terpenes and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was investigated by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) method. Meanwhile, the constructed inclusion complexes (ICs) were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, etc. On this basis, the assembly process of β-CD and terpenes was investigated firstly by molecular simulation method, and the inclusion process between β-CD and terpenes was further studied in terms of the formation of individual ICs and ICs aggregates. Results showed that hydrophobic interaction and van der Waals force were the main driving forces of the reaction between terpenes and β-CD, and the formation of ICs, β-CD molecule aggregation, terpene aggregation, and ICs aggregation occurred simultaneously during the inclusion process of terpenes and β-CD. To sum up, this study may provide certain thinking and reference for the subsequent supramolecular chemical research on CDs.

Involving different stakeholders in prioritising outcomes to assess healthcare systems response for type 1 diabetes management: Using co-creation approaches in Peru.

Engaging diverse stakeholders in developing core outcome sets (COSs) can produce more meaningful metrics as well as research responsive to patient needs. The most common COS prioritisation method, Delphi surveys, has limitations related to selection bias and participant understanding, while qualitative methods like group discussions are less frequently used. This study aims to test a co-creation approach to COS development for type 1 diabetes (T1DM) in Peru. Using a co-creation approach, we aimed to prioritise outcomes for T1DM management in Peru, incorporating perspectives from people with T1DM, caregivers, healthcare professionals, and decision-makers. A set of outcomes were previously identified through a systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis. Through qualitative descriptive methods, including in-person workshops, each group of stakeholders contributed to the ranking of outcomes. Decision-makers also discussed the feasibility of measuring these outcomes within the Peruvian healthcare system. While priorities varied among participant groups, all underscored the significance of monitoring healthcare system functionality over mortality. Participants recognized the interconnected nature of healthcare system performance, clinical outcomes, self-management, and quality of life. When combining the rankings from all the groups, metrics related to economic impact on the individual and structural support, policies promoting health, and protecting those living with T1DM were deemed more important in comparison to measuring clinical outcomes. We present the first COS for T1DM focused on low-and-middle-income countriesand show aspects of care that are relevant in this setting. Diverse prioritisation among participant groups underscores the need of inclusive decision-making processes. By incorporating varied perspectives, healthcare systems can better address patient needs and enhance overall care quality.

Social referencing processes in inclusive classrooms—Relationships between teachers' attitudes, students' attitudes, social integration and classroom climate

AbstractAttitudes have gained much attention for supporting the successful implementation of inclusive education. There is evidence that students' attitudes towards joint lessons with students with special educational needs (SEN) affect peer relations in classrooms. But much less is currently known about the relationships between teachers' and students' attitudes and their effects on inclusive processes. This paper draws on social referencing theory to frame how teachers may affect students' attitudes. It postulates that students' attitudes towards peers with SEN and inclusive practices are affected by their teachers' attitudes towards students with SEN and inclusive practices. It also examines how teachers' and students' attitudes relate to classroom climate and social integration. Using a sample of 1.365 German 6th and 7th graders from 64 classes, we run a series of multilevel path models to investigate relationships between teachers' and students' attitudes with social integration and classroom climate. Attitudes are differentiated by a cognitive and affective facet and by whether they relate to students with emotional–social difficulties (SEN‐ESD) or learning difficulties. Results show social referencing for cognitive attitudes towards inclusive practices for students with SEN‐ESD. Results also indicate that teachers' cognitive attitudes and students' affective attitudes directly affect social integration and classroom climate.

Interactions between children in preschool: perception of differences in the school inclusion process for children with autism

This qualitative research used participant observation in an early childhood education class to understand how children perceive differences among their peers, especially in their relationships with students with autism. A teacher and 28 students aged four to six years participated, two of whom were autistic. Observation was carried out from February to May 2023. The results indicate that the behaviour and relationships that children establish with students with autism vary depending on the level of commitment and interaction that these students present. However, students’ receptivity and acceptance of the differences presented by students with autism were positive, helping them with pedagogical or daily life activities, when necessary. The teacher’s actions brought children closer together and their understanding of their classmates.

Attitudinal barriers: a reflection of our actions in the Inclusion process

The article discusses the importance of attitudinal accessibility in the inclusion process, beyond physical and pedagogical transformations, highlighting that without attitudinal accessibility, other forms of accessibility are not effective. Share our actions as people and professionals in the inclusion process and beyond the transformations in the physical environment and teaching practices, which refer to physical and pedagogical accessibility, it is necessary to consider, mainly, the aspects that involve attitudinal accessibility because, without it, not another form of accessibility becomes effective. We aim to present the teachers' narratives on the themes. Thus, this article deals with an experience report on the impressions of teachers in an assistive technology course, where we discussed in several forums and the 18 participants presented their impressions. As a result, we had contributions about their anxieties, expectations, and prejudices they had about the care of people with disabilities. We concluded that it is necessary to feed the movement of inner transformation bumping into our attitudes and understanding that what is different is not always the other; we are everyone.

Upaya Menormalisasikan LGBT oleh Aktivis di Amerika Serikat: Perjuangan dan Tantangan

This research examines efforts to normalize the LGBT community by activists in the United States, with a focus on the struggles and challenges they face. Through qualitative analysis of various advocacy strategies, campaigns and policies implemented, this study reveals how LGBT activism seeks to create a more inclusive and accepted environment in society. This research also explores the role of the media, government agencies and non-government organizations in supporting or hindering this normalization process. Challenges faced include cultural resistance, institutional discrimination, and changing political and social dynamics. The research findings show that despite significant progress in the recognition of LGBT rights, activism continues to face major challenges that require a strategic and collaborative approach to overcome. In doing so, this research provides in-depth insight into the complexities of the LGBT normalization struggle in the United States and suggests policies and practices that can accelerate the process of social inclusion.

Measurements of Normalized Differential Cross Sections of Inclusive η Production in e^{+}e^{-} Annihilation at Energy from 2.0000 to 3.6710GeV.

Using data samples collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring, the cross section of the inclusive process e^{+}e^{-}→η+X, normalized by the total cross section of e^{+}e^{-}→hadrons, is measured at eight center-of-mass energy points from 2.0000 to 3.6710GeV. These are the first measurements with momentum dependence in this energy region. Our measurement shows a significant discrepancy compared to the existing fragmentation functions. To address this discrepancy, a new QCD analysis is performed at the next-to-next-to-leading order with hadron mass corrections and higher twist effects, which can explain both the established high-energy data and our measurements reasonably well.

Chasing balloons as scientific practice: On transformative cocreation and epistemic ethics of care in the emerging field of youth citizen social science

How does including youth in research within a citizen social science framework challenge and transform our participatory action research practices and approaches? Through a storying journey we unravel how the training and subsequent conducting of a co-creative research process with young citizen social scientists are evolving from a cacophony of traditions, approaches and disciplines, among them youth participatory action research, action research in organizations, citizen science and social anthropology. The article is based on empirical research with a group of young people in Oslo, Norway, involved in a large collaborative citizen social science project on social inclusion of youth in Europe. We have witnessed closely how an epistemic ethics of care is integral to securing the epistemic justice of youth and argue that citizen social science can promote both epistemic justice and epistemic abundance by including youth in all parts of a rigorous research process that produces new scientific knowledge. Yet, we found that performing an ethics of care is (close to) impossible within the current conditions and structures of social sciences, as our ideals and views on what science is, delimit the practices of relational care necessary for inclusive processes. The implications of our findings call for an ethics of care framework for both citizen social science and action research practices.

Guiding Principles for Evaluating Vaccines in Joint Health Technology Assessment in the European Union: Preparing for the European Union’s Regulation on Health Technology Assessment for Vaccines

ObjectivesThe appraisal of vaccines in the European Union (EU) currently involves many different decision-making bodies and processes. The objective of this study was to help inform the development of standardized methodology and vaccine-specific processes for use in the EU Regulation on health technology assessment (HTA). MethodsLiterature reviews and expert consultation were conducted to identify current practices and gaps related to vaccine appraisals and to develop guiding principles for the joint clinical assessment of vaccines. ResultsWe found that significant variation exists across the EU member states in the decision-making processes when clinically evaluating vaccines. Three guiding principles consisting of 13 recommendations were developed to help inform the development of decision-making frameworks for the joint clinical assessment of vaccines in the EU: (1) support the creation of appropriate terminology and measurements for clinical appraisals of vaccines; (2) develop inclusive, timely, and transparent vaccine appraisal processes to support stronger evidence generation for vaccine decision making and appraisal; and (3) improve the collection and interoperability of real-world data, including robust surveillance, to foster evidence generation and support the standardization of vaccine clinical appraisals. ConclusionsGiven the significance of vaccines for public health, there is an urgency to develop standardized and vaccine-specific methodologies and processes for use in the EU joint HTA framework. The proposed guiding principles could support the effective implementation of the EU Regulation on HTA for vaccines and have the potential to ensure consistent, transparent, and timely access to new vaccines in the EU.

Spatial deprivation of children with autism spectrum disorders in the arctic city

The inclusion of children with autism spectrum disorders in society is an urgent social task that, due to its complexity, requires new perspectives of scientific research for the sound regulation of inclusive processes. The problem of the study was determined by the contradiction between the social significance of the development of inclusion and the risks of including children with ASD in the urban space existing in the Arctic city. We have introduced the category of spatial deprivation of children with autism spectrum disorders into the research field, and proposed its author's interpretation. The empirical study was aimed at identifying the state of inclusion of children with ASD in the space of the Arctic city. The results of the study showed their significant spatial deprivation in the Arctic city. It manifests itself in relation to public, semi-public spaces, spaces for movement, expressed both in their insufficient accessibility and in a significant limitation of forms of development. The conclusion is made about the low social status of children with ASD in the Arctic city, as well as about the presence of obstacles to their realization of their universal needs. This situation is mainly determined by socio-psychological and organizational factors and objectifies the difficulties of developing inclusive processes.

FKS subtraction for quarkonium production at NLO

We extend the local infrared-divergence subtraction formalism, originally proposed by Frixione, Kunszt and Signer (FKS), to calculate short-distance (differential) cross section for any inclusive process involving a quarkonium particle in non-relativistic QCD (NRQCD) factorisation at next-to-leading order (NLO) accuracy in the strong coupling constant αs. The new formulas are generally applicable to the production of an S- or P-wave quarkonium state in association with any number of elementary particles. The main new ingredients derived in this paper are the local and integrated soft counterterms for the colour-singlet and colour-octet P-wave bound states. It, therefore, paves the way to the automation of the NLO calculations for heavy quarkonium inclusive and associated production processes.

Understanding Practices and Support Needs of Family Caregivers of People with Dementia in Africa: A Scoping Review Protocol

Extant literature has reported the challenges and stressors caregivers of people with dementia face globally. Local realities and contexts often shape these challenges. For example, in regions of Africa where the prevalence of caregiving is increasing, beliefs about dementia and limited infrastructures create unique challenges for caregivers, potentially restricting caregivers’ capacities. Yet directions for policy, practice, and research are often informed by research conducted in regions outside of Africa or fail to account for local contexts. This scoping review seeks to understand the knowledge base on regional differences and similarities in the experiences of caregivers supporting persons with dementia in the region of Africa. The review will be guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s five-stage- framework. Five databases: Ageline, MEDLINE, Social Science Abstract, Psych-Info, and African-wide information will be searched. Citations from these databases will be subjected to two levels of screening The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) will describe and document the inclusion and exclusion process. This scoping review will improve our understanding of unique practices and pressures experienced by caregivers of persons with dementia in different localities in Africa. It will also identify support needs and knowledge gaps in African region. Keywords: Dementia, Caregivers, Older Adults, Support Needs, Experiences

Making a case for playful assessment as asset-based assessment through conjecture mapping

The paper proposes a theoretical design framework for playful assessment, emphasizing learner agency, engagement, and creativity. It argues that assessment should be a continuous, inclusive, transparent, and collaborative process, aligned with principles of equitable learning. The framework introduces “The Four Freedoms of Play” as heuristics for playful assessment, emphasizing aspects like the freedom to experiment, the freedom to fail, the freedom to try on identities, and the freedom of effort. These freedoms align with current educational research findings and the importance of learners' agency, identity safety, and sense of belonging. In summary, playful stances in assessment can expand what assessment is by creating flexible and creative assessment opportunities that center learners’ agency and identity, ultimately leading to an asset-based learning culture.

Faceted crystal growth of cyclodextrin-oil inclusion complexes

The spontaneous formation of cyclodextrin (CD)-oil inclusion complexes (ICs) and their further growth into patterned crystals present a bottom-up route to the fabrication of periodic macroscopic structure. Although the inclusion processes are well established for the molecules, understanding intermediate structures during the crystal growth and emerging of persistent crystalline order has been lacking. Here we build a hierarchy of oriented micro/nanostructures of CD-oil ICs in solution by choosing different oil guests including several straight-chain alkanes of C12, C14 and C16, oleic acid (OA), glycerol trioleate (TG) and soybean oil (SO), in an attempt to reveal the roles of oil guests in the formation of their crystallites. Remarkably, the ICs tend to grow into clusters and terminate at a certain finite size as long columns or lamella plates with well-defined facets, dependent on the type of oil used. For the first time, we report a non-equilibrium growth of crystallites with surface faceting directed by the guests by means of Arching and Bundling.