Inclusion Pigments Research Articles

Preparation of plant derived carbon and its application for inclusion pigments

Plant derived carbon was utilized as a new financial and environmental friendly colorant in the synthesis of zircon encapsulated carbon pigment (C@ZrSiO4) via non-hydrolytic sol-gel method. After calcining, nature plants, i.e. sisal and bamboo leaves, were carbonized and occluded in ZrSiO4 matrix. The FT-IR and XRD results demonstrated that the plants were not affect the non-hydrolytic sol-gel polycondensation reaction, resulting in the pure ZrSiO4 formation. Both inclusion pigments presented deep black hue, i.e. L∗ = 34.93 and 33.02 for sisal and bamboo leaves, respectively, which was contributed to the homogeneous pore-size distribution and high carbon yield of the plants. These pigments have many distinguished advantages including low cost, high chromatic performance and excellent thermal stability, making them promising candidates for ceramic decoration.

Synthesis and chromatic properties of zircon encapsulated ceramic black pigment with carbon sphere as carbon source

The CSs@ZrSiO4 black inclusion pigments were prepared by calcining the precursor formed by the precipitation of Si4+ and Zr4+ on the surface of carbon spheres (CSs), which were synthesized from glucose by hydrothermal process. The as-prepared CSs were amorphous and had plenty of rich oxygen-containing functional groups on their surface with negative charges, which endows the CSs the ability to disperse well in the precursor solution. The amorphous carbon source was carbonized as colorant, which was coated by zircon phase at 1050℃ for 2h in Ar. The results indicated that a dense zirconium silicate coating layer was formed with high encapsulation rate, which protects the inner CSs from oxidation, and enabling the pigment to achieve a deep black hue, as CIE coordination L*=22.21, a*=0.14, b*=2.43 consequently. When the as-prepared inclusion pigment was applied to the transparent glaze at 1100℃, it showed a good chromaticity.

Use of Zr–Si–Cd–Se Pigments for Decorating Porcelain

The particularities of using inclusion pigments for decorating porcelain are examined. The compositions of underglaze pigments and colored porcelain glazes based on inclusion pigments are determined. The reasons for the appearance of defects are presented and methods of eliminating defects indicated.

Ionic Liquid-Assisted Synthesis of C@ZrSiO<sub>4</sub> Ceramic Inclusion Pigment

An innovative two-step route was successfully applied to the ionic liquid-assisted synthesis of C@ZrSiO4 ceramic pigments, which is able to reduce the reflux time from many hours to a few minutes. The structure and morphology of the inclusion pigments were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). And the chromatic value of the pigments was measured by the CIE color system. The results show that the pigment in the absence of ionic liquid (IL) exhibited homogeneous single t-ZrO2 phase, while the samples in the presence of IL showed coexistence of two crystal phases (m-ZrO2 and ZrSiO4). The CIE coordination L* value decreased with the increase of TEOS amounts due to the pure zircon formation. The as-prepared pigment showed high tinting ability, as L*=37.16, a*=0.71, b*=0.3, making it promising candidate for ceramic decoration.

Synthesis and application of C@ZrSiO4 inclusion ceramic pigment from cotton cellulose as a colorant

A zircon-based black pigment, which consists of in-situ carbon transformed from cotton cellulose as core and zircon as shell (C@ZrSiO4), was prepared via non-hydrolytic sol–gel (NHSG) method. The ZrSiO4 sol reached homogeneous mixing at atomic level and then directly turned into gel through polycondensation on NHSG process. The cotton cellulose was well dispersed in the ZrSiO4 sol due to its hollow fibrous filament structure, and then was carbonized and occluded in zircon matrix which preserved against carbon oxidation and pyrolysis at high temperature. The chromatic value L* decreased gradually and then increased slightly with increasing the chromophoric carbon amount. The coupling agent (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) enhanced the connection between cotton cellulose and zircon, resulting in the deeper hue at 950°C, as L* value was 39.09 and 53.37, respectively. The as-prepared inclusion pigments possessed strong tinting strength in glaze at 1200°C, making them promising candidates for ceramic-ware decoration.

Preparation of ZrSiO<sub>4</sub>/C Inclusion Pigments by Nonhydrolytic Sol-Gel Methed Combined with the Process of Carbon Black Modification

nclusion pigments of ZrSiO4/C were prepared by nonhydrolytic sol-gel (NHSG) method combined with the process of carbon black modification. The crystalline phases, microstructure, functional groups on the surface of carbon black and chromatic value of the pigments were characterized by XRD, TEM, FTIR and Colorimeter, respectively. The surface structural changes of the carbon black modified by nitric acid and the influences of process parameters on the chromatic value of the pigments were also investigated. The results show that the process of carbon black modification enhances the affinity and binding force between carbon black and ZrCl4 sol, which contributes to improve the effect of carbon black wrapped by ZrSiO4. The ZrSiO4/C inclusion pigment were obtained after calcining at 1000 °C for 8 h, and the L*, a* and b* value is 53.88, 0.74, and 1.88, respectively.

Agricultural waste in the synthesis of coral ceramic pigment

This work reports the results of an evaluation of the use of rice husk ash as the source of silica in the preparation of coral ceramic pigments. ZrSiO4–Fe2O3 inclusion pigments have been synthesized by solid state reactions evaluating the effect of the mineralizer and both silica and iron oxide precursors on the reactivity of the system. The colour developed in the derived ceramic glazes has been compared with the colour developed in comparative pigments prepared from pure SiO2.

Mechanical activation of raw materials in the synthesis of Fe2O3–ZrSiO4 inclusion pigment

The traditional ceramic industry has recently witnessed increasing interest in the obtainment of inclusion pigments to stabilize at firing temperature and in the action of molten glass unstable chromospheres such as hematite or cadmium sulphoselenide. This work focuses in the introduction, before the calcination step, of a high energy milling step (mechanosynthesis) to improve the inclusion efficiency of hematite into the zircon matrix by solid state reaction. In particular the synthesis of hematite–zircon inclusion pigment was optimized through an accurate control of the raw material milling time and calcination temperature. The mechanical activation modifies the conditions in which chemical reactions usually take place changing the reactivity of as-milled solids by increase of reaction rates and lowering the reaction temperatures of ground powders.

Reactive Formation of Zircon Inclusion Pigments by Deposition and Subsequent Annealing of a Zirconia and Silica Double Shell

A novel general method for coating particles with a complex oxide was described. Zirconia precursor and silica layers with careful control of film thickness were coated separately onto hematite particles in corresponding solutions. A zircon shell was subsequently obtained by heat treatment at 800 degrees C for 3 h using LiF as a mineralizer. The as-prepared zircon-occluded hematite pigment gave a pink color to the glazed sample after annealing at 1120 degrees C. The current research suggests that various chromophoric particles can be encapsulated with zircon to prepare ceramic pigments for high-temperature use.

Nanocomposite Fe 2O 3–SiO 2 inclusion pigments from post-functionalized mesoporous silicas

High-surface mesoporous silicas with different pore sizes were employed for the first time as silicon precursors in the synthesis of reddish Fe 2O 3–SiO 2 inclusion pigments. Interestingly, the size of included Fe 2O 3 nanoparticles was partially controlled through confinement effects into silica mesopores. Notably, impregnated samples showed a more homogeneous and efficient encapsulation of smaller and monodisperse hematite nanoparticles (sizes around 10–35 nm). Moreover, they resulted in an improved reddish color at 1000 °C within a ceramic glaze. The best red shade ( a* ≈ 18) was associated to nanocomposite with smaller hematite nanoparticles (around 5 nm). These promising results suggest the possibility to improve the reddish coloration and thermostability of Fe 2O 3–SiO 2 ceramic pigments through and adequate control of confinement effects into sintered mesoporous silicas.

New Glass–Ceramic Inclusion Pigment

Recently, the traditional ceramic industry has demonstrated increased interest in obtaining inclusion pigments to stabilize unstable chromophores, such as hematite or cadmium sulfoselenide, at firing temperature and in studying the actions of molten glasses. This present work focuses on a new method for synthesizing hematite–zircon inclusion pigments from an unconventional mixture of precursors. For this purpose, a glassy composition that belongs to the LiO2–ZrO2–SiO2 system and that crystallizes into zircon during the calcination step has been chosen.

A new glass–ceramic red pigment

Recently in the traditional ceramic industry there has been an increasing interest in the obtainment of inclusion pigments to stabilize at the firing temperature and towards the actions of molten glasses unstable cromophore such as hematite or cadmium sulphoselenide. This work focuses on a new synthesis of hematite-zircon inclusion pigment obtained from sintering of non-conventional mixture of precursors. To this purpose a glass composition belonging to the Li 2O–ZrO 2–SiO 2 system that during the sintering/devetrification steps crystallizes zircon has been chosen. The employment of two different Fe precursors (oxide and goethite) have been also analyzed. Finally, a mechanism of pigment formation is proposed.

ChemInform Abstract: INCLUSION PIGMENTS. COLORING SUBSTANCES ACCORDING TO A NEW PRINCIPLE

Chemischer InformationsdienstVolume 8, Issue 44 Organic Dyes ChemInform Abstract: INCLUSION PIGMENTS. COLORING SUBSTANCES ACCORDING TO A NEW PRINCIPLE A. BROLL, Search for more papers by this authorH. H. BEYER, Search for more papers by this authorP. KLEINSCHMIT, Search for more papers by this author A. BROLL, Search for more papers by this authorH. H. BEYER, Search for more papers by this authorP. KLEINSCHMIT, Search for more papers by this author First published: November 1, 1977 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.197744330Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume8, Issue44November 1, 1977 RelatedInformation