Inclusion Of Wheat Bran Research Articles

Effect of Wheat Bran Phytase Subjected to Different Conditioning Temperatures on Phosphorus Utilization by Broiler Chicks Based on Body Weight and Toe Ash Measurements

Cereal grains and oilseed byproducts are major components of diets commercially fed to poultry and swine. Although phosphorus levels are relatively high in these feedstuffs, most of it is presented as phytate and thus, unavailable to monogastric species. Wheat bran is known for having high endogenous phytase enzyme activity. This study was conducted to investigate the ability of wheat bran endogenous phytase to withstand the high temperatures associated with the pelleting process. Additionally, to evaluate the efficacy of this enzyme source in improving phytate phosphorus utilization by broiler chicks. Wheat bran was subjected to steam conditioning/pelleting at temperatures between 50 C and 90 C. Test diets were o o formulated with levels of available phosphorus (AvP) below those recommended by the NRC. Wheat bran was incorporated into test diets at 5% inclusion level in either the unprocessed form or after being subjected to steam conditioning at 60 C and 80 C followed by pelleting. Live weight gain, feed efficiency and toe ash o o measurements were observed as response variables to available phosphorus in the diets. Considerable losses in endogenous phytase activity in wheat bran were observed after steam conditioning at th e aforementioned temperatures. However, based on the observations, the inclusion of wheat bran in th e unprocessed form positively influenced the bird's ability to utilize phosphorus present in the diet.

Effect of Flaxseed and Wheat Bran on Serum Hormones and Lignan Excretion in Premenopausal Women

Objective: To examine the effects of flaxseed consumption (a lignan-rich plant food) alone and in combination with wheat bran on serum hormones and urinary lignan excretion in premenopausal women.Methods: Sixteen subjects were studied for four feeding treatments lasting two menstrual cycles each in a randomized, crossover design. During each treatment, subjects consumed their habitual diets supplemented with baked goods containing no flaxseed or wheat bran, 10 g of flaxseed, 28 g of wheat bran, or 10 g of flaxseed plus 28 g of wheat bran/day. Serum samples collected during the mid-luteal phase of the second menstrual cycle of each diet treatment were analyzed for serum hormones and sex hormone binding globulin. Urine samples collected during the same time period were analyzed for urinary lignan excretion.Results: There were no changes in serum hormone concentrations or sex hormone binding globulin on any of the treatments. Urinary lignan excretion significantly increased on diet treatments that included flaxseed, but inclusion of wheat bran did not significantly alter lignan excretion.Conclusions: Urinary lignan excretion increased with flaxseed consumption, but serum hormones did not change in this group of premenopausal women. Consumption of wheat bran with flaxseed did not alter urinary lignan excretion associated with flaxseed consumption.

Ileal and total tract digestibility, and protein and fat balance in pigs fed rice with addition of potato starch, sugar beet pulp or wheat bran

A repeated 4×4 Latin square design was performed with eight ileal cannulated castrates to study the effect of source of starch and fibre on apparent ileal and faecal digestibility, and crude protein (CP) and fat balance. The experimental diets were based on cooked rice (C) and cooked rice with addition of raw potato starch (P), sugar beet pulp (S) and wheat bran (W). The inclusion of potato starch reduced ( P<0.05) the ileal digestibility of organic matter (OM) and starch, and the total tract digestibility of CP. The ileal digestibility of potato starch was calculated to be 0.75. Inclusion of fibre sources (sugar beet pulp and wheat bran) in the basal diet resulted in a reduction ( P<0.05) in the ileal and faecal digestibility of dietary components (except for starch) and energy. While there were no differences ( P>0.05) in the ileal digestibility of dietary components and energy between fibre sources, the total tract digestibility of dietary components (except for CP and starch) and energy were lower ( P<0.05) for the insoluble fibre source (wheat bran). With the exception of mannose and uronic acid the ileal digestibility of individual sugars were unaffected ( P>0.05) by diet composition. The inclusion of wheat bran negatively influenced the faecal digestibility of individual sugars (except for xylose) and non-starch polysaccharides. Nitrogen retention was unaffected ( P>0.05) by diet composition, while fat accretion tended ( P<0.10) to be lower in diet C. The latter was due to a low feed and energy intake.

Nutritional quality of extruded snacks developed from composite of rice brokens and wheat bran

Wheat bran was mixed with broken rice to develop nutritionally balanced extruded crisp snacks for human consumption. The inclusion of wheat bran enhanced the content of nutrients such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, copper, thiamine, riboflavin, lysine and also of antinutrients like phytic phosphorus and trypsin inhibitor. Extrusion cooking decreased the content of thiamine, riboflavin and lysine. The degradation of phytic phosphorus and inactivation of trypsin inhibitor had an improving effect on the nutritional quality of the extruded snacks as reflected by higher in vitro digestibility of its proteins.

Inclusion of wheat bran in barley-soybean meal diets with different phosphorus levels for growing-finishing pigs I. Effects on nutrient digestibility and mineral balances in finishing pigs

The effect of the intrinsic phytase of wheat bran (WB) on phytin-phosphorus availability to pigs on barley-soybean meal diets was measured in a digestibility and balance experiment using a 2x3 factorial arrangement in a 6x5 cyclic change-over design. The factors were WB inclusion (0 or 100 g per kg, later referred to as WB- and WB+, respectively) and three phosphorus (P) levels: high (HP), medium (MP) and low (LP). The inclusion of WB in the diet did not significantly improve dietary P utilization. However, the absorption and retention of P appeared to be slightly improved by WB inclusion in the LP diet. This improvement may be due to WB phytase. The effects of WB on the digestibility and balance of other minerals remained relatively small. The P level, on the other hand, had a greater effect on mineral balances. Ash digestibility was not affected by the treatments. Dry matter and organic matter digestibilities were impaired when WB was included in the diet. N absorption of intake was higher (p

Inclusion of wheat bran in barley-soybean meal diets with different phosphorus levels for growing-finishing pigs II. Performance and bone mineralization in growing-finishing pigs

The experiment was conducted to study whether wheat bran (WB) phytase could improve the availability of intrinsic phosphorus (P) in commercial barley-soybean meal diets enough to replace the added inorganic P partly or completely in the diets of growing-finishing pigs (30-100 kg). Performance as well as certain chemical and physical parameters of the tibia and fibula bones were used as criteria for the WB phytase effect. The experiment was conducted using a 2x3 factorial arrangement. The factors were wheat bran (WB) level - either 0 (WB-) or 100 g/kg (WB+), and phosphorus level - high (HP), medium (MP) and low (LP) corresponding to 4.33 g, 2.99 g and 1.64 g digestible P per a feed unit (FU = 0.7 kg starch equivalent), respectively. The measured digestible P contents of the diets were 4.2, 4.2, 2.7, 2.5, 1.4 and 1.8 g/kg DM, respectively. A content of 2.5-2.7 g of digestible P/kg DM in the diet proved to be sufficient for the whole growing period, but the lowest phosphorus levels led to an impaired growth rate, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio. However, after reaching 60 kg live weight, the pigs on LPWB- and LPWB+ diets were able to grow and utilize feed as effectively as the other pigs. WB at a level of 100 g/kg had no significant effect on the performance, feed conversion ratio or carcass quality criteria of the pigs on any diet. WB phytase showed a positive effect on bone breaking strength on the LP diet.

Cadmium accumulation from diets with and without wheat bran in rats with different iron status

The purpose of the present study was to determine to what extent the accumulation of cadmium in rats with low, marginal and high iron status is affected by the presence of bran in the diet. High iron status caused the total and fractional accumulation of cadmium from both the wheat endosperm and wheat bran diets to be decreased by almost half compared to that in the low iron status rats. The inclusion of wheat bran in the diet increased the total accumulation of cadmium in the liver by approximately the same proportion in all three iron status groups. While the results do not exclude the possibility that the availability of cadmium for absorption from wheat bran is less than that from wheat endosperm in rats with high iron status, no appreciable effect of mineral binding factors in bran on the fractional cadmium accumulation in the liver could be demonstrated in the low and marginal iron status groups. Thus, for rats with less than adequate iron status, the inclusion of wheat bran in the diet should increase the cadmium intake and its accumulation in the body by the same proportion.

The Influence of Wheat Bran and Sugar-Beet Pulp on the Digestibility of Dietary Components in a Cereal-Based Pig Diet

The influence of added wheat bran or dried sugar-beet pulp on the apparent digestion of dietary components was examined in pigs fitted with duodenal and terminal ileal cannulas. The pigs were fed a basal cereal-based diet alone or substituted at a level of 33% by wheat bran or beet pulp. Neither fibrous component influenced the digestibility of starch, but inclusion of beet pulp decreased dry matter content and digestibility of ash, protein and fat in the ileum and fecal digestibility of fat. Between 11 and 37% of the nonstarch polysaccharides were degraded anterior to the ileum, and the percentage of beet pulp diet nonstarch polysaccharides that was soluble increased from 11% in the feed to 35% at the ileum. Xylose and glucose were the least degraded nonstarch polysaccharide residues in all three diets, and the non-starch polysaccharide residues varied in susceptibility to breakdown within and between diets, depending on the composition of the fiber. Almost 50% of the beet pulp, but less than 20% of the wheat bran, was degraded in the large intestine. The inclusion of wheat bran and beet pulp increased fecal output by 127 and 56%, respectively.

The influence of the gut microflora and of dietary fibre on epithelial cell migration in the chick intestine.

1. The renewal of the intestinal mucosal epithelium has been investigated in germ-free and conventional chicks given a practical chick diet and a low- and high-fibre diet, using tritiated thymidine to label the nuclei of mucosal cells undergoing division. 2. Villus height, crypt depth and number of mitoses in the crypt were generally, although not always significantly, greater for conventional chicks than for germ-free chicks at all sites investigated in the intestine, and all became progressively lower from the upper intestine to the lower intestine. 3. There was a linear relationship between the height of the radioactively labelled mucosal cells on the villus and the period after injection, and the rates of epithelial cell migration were higher for conventional than for germ-free chicks, the relative differences being greater in the lower intestine than the upper intestine. 4. The inclusion of wheat bran as a source of dietary fibre had no effect on the rate of epithelial renewal, either in germ-free or conventional birds.