Inclusive Classes Research Articles

DEVELOPMENT OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF WORLD TRENDS.

The aim of the research is to analyze the problem of inclusive education in Ukraine in the context of world trends. According to its philosophy, each school should be inclusive, which implies the readiness of the school to accept every child with SEN at any time, the desire to create the most favorable educational environment that will serve the development of its potential. According to the results of the analysis, we also conclude that Ukrainian scientists pay more attention to issues of inclusion related to higher education (foreign experience, features of teaching students with inclusion, training future teachers to work with children with disabilities, etc.). Meanwhile, in our opinion, the theoretical and methodological principles, pedagogical conditions, practical methods of organizing inclusive education of children with various types of developmental disabilities are insufficiently studied. This, among other things, highlights the scientific problem raised in our study. Thus, the attention of the Ukrainian state to people with SEN, European-oriented social educational policy is evidenced not only by the reduction of the number of boarding schools, orphans and children deprived of parental care there, but also the dynamics of growing enrollment of children with SEN in inclusive special classes of secondary schools (in 2020/2021 academic year compared to 2015/2016 academic year this amount increased by 7% (from 5.3 thousand to 5.7 thousand). As a result of the development of inclusive education over the past five years, the number of students with SEN covered by inclusive education has increased more than 6 times, and the number of inclusive classes in secondary schools has increased 7 times. Similar changes have taken place in the staffing of inclusive education. Inclusive education and upbringing of children with SEN is a long-term strategy that is considered not as a local area of work, but as a systematic approach to organizing the activities of the general education system in all areas in general.

DIFFERENTIATION OF CLASSROOM İNSTRUCTİON AS A MEANS OF IMPLEMENTING INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

In the article the author provides information about the transition of the education system in Azerbaijan from a seg- regative model to an inclusive one. The work examines the works of researchers in the field of pedagogy and psychol- ogy, who argue the importance of systemic changes for the transformation of segregative education into inclusive. The article examines the elements of the education system, such as regulatory legal acts, pedagogical methods and competence of teachers, requirements for the infrastructure and material and technical base of the school, which should be revised for the implementation of inclusive education. The author argues about the importance of using internal classroom differentiation of instruction for the implementation of inclusive education in general schools. The article examines the fundamental foundations and types of differentiation of classroom instruction, as well as the conflicting opinions of scientists in pedagogy in this area. The study reviews the work of foreign authors in the field of differentiation of classroom instruction, outlines the main disadvantages of differentiation models in working with heterogeneous groups. At the end of the article, the author provides a result of the survey which he conducted with teachers of pilot inclusive classes for evaluation level of the differentiation of instruction in these classes.

Barriers in Teaching Science to Students with Special Needs: Exploration From Teachers' Perspectives

Previous research has identified the benefits of science learning to support post-school independence of children with special needs [9]. However, the portion and quality of teaching science to these students is still very limited. This study aimed to explore the barriers faced by teachers in teaching science to children with special needs in both special schools and inclusive school settings. A mixed methods approach was employed to understand the implementation of science learning for children with special needs, especially the support and obstacles faced by teachers and students with special needs. Data were collected through structured interviews and observations of science learning. Interviews and observations were conducted in 11 special classes and 9 inclusive classes when teaching science to reveal the didactic method used by the teacher and the student responses. Guided interviews were conducted with teachers (n = 20, 15 female and 5 male) to understand the teaching process and obstacles experienced. The results of the interviews and observations were validated through a focus group discussion, which was attended by 7 participants. The quality of textbooks with adjustments for students with special needs was found to be the major challenge for teachers as they explained that they have limited time to adjust the content themselves. It was also identified that there is a need for teachers to shift their mindset, as they focus on students’ learning problems as teaching barriers. This study calls for professional development for teachers, with a focus on mindset, teaching strategies and accommodation in science subjects, which would enable teachers to support students with special needs in special and inclusive classrooms.
 Keywords: science teaching, students with special needs, barriers in teaching

The 2021 Joseph St Geme, Jr, Leadership Award Address: The Role of Structural Racism in Injuries to Children and Adolescents.

The 2021 Joseph St Geme, Jr, Leadership Award Address: The Role of Structural Racism in Injuries to Children and Adolescents.

FEATURES OF THE TEACHER'S ASSISTANT WORK IN INSTITUTIONS OF GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION WITH INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

Summary. The article considers the peculiarities of the work of an assistant teacher in general secondary education institutions with inclusive education. It is proved that inclusive education is not just the inclusion of a child with special educational needs in a regular school, but also the creation of a special approach to learning in the common space, which provides additional elements of the educational process – specially equipped place, appropriate conditions, individual child development plan and mandatory presence of a teacher's assistant in an inclusive classroom. On the basis of scientific and pedagogical literature, normative and legal sources the concept of «teacher's assistant» is revealed and its activity is defined. The functions of the teacher's assistant are singled out, which include: organizational, educational and developmental, diagnostic, prognostic, consultative. It is noted that the main function of a teacher's assistant as a teacher is to work with an inclusive class teacher to help pay attention to each student during the educational process. The task of the teacher's assistant to establish his cooperation with teachers, specialists of the team of psychological and pedagogical support and parents is theoretically substantiated. It is noted that one of the conditions for successful inclusive education is a team approach, which is provided by members of the team of psychological and pedagogical support of a child with special educational needs. This is a mutually agreed complex activity of a multidisciplinary team of specialists and parents of the child, which aims to create the necessary conditions conducive to the development of the child's personality, learning, skills, successful adaptation, rehabilitation, self-realization and integration into society. The role of the teacher's assistant in providing children with a full social life, articipation in the educational process is determined. The organizational aspect of the work is analyzed and the ways of successful cooperation of the teacher's assistant with parents are suggested.

ORGANIZATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN SPECIAL SCHOOLS FOR CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS (2011-2017)

The article presents the results of the analysis of historical and pedagogical literature and regulatory documents in the field of education of children with special needs. It was found that the new regulatory documents State Standard (2011), the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine "On Approval of the Procedure for the Organization of Inclusive Education in General Education Institutions" (2011) and others have played a large role in the development of not only the educational process of children with special needs but also their rapid adaptation to society. It was determined that children with special needs, having their own characteristics, studied in special and inclusive classes. The urgency of the problem in this direction was substantiated and it was proved that their education and upbringing was carried out in specially created conditions, it was found out what services were provided to children with special needs by general educational institutions in classes with inclusive education, and it was also established how the educational process of children with special needs.
 It was determined what needs belonged to the peculiarities of the educational process of such children, namely: correctional development classes that, taking into account the conclusion of the psychological, medical and pedagogical consultation and standard curricula of special general educational institutions for children in need of physical and / or mental correction development. It was found that educational services were provided in educational institutions in classes with inclusive education using personality-oriented teaching methods and taking into account the individual characteristics of the educational and cognitive activities of children with special needs. It is proved that the educational process in classes with inclusive education was carried out in accordance with the working curriculum of a general educational institution, drawn up on the basis of standard curricula of general educational institutions, taking into account the individual characteristics of the educational and cognitive activity of children with special educational needs. It has been established that inclusive education contributes to the rapid adaptation of such children to society. It has been proven that the introduction of inclusive education is still one of the pressing problems of the development of children with special needs.

Inclusive Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Mathematics Teachers: Learning Disabilities vs. Hearing Impairments

ABSTRACT This study aims at investigating inclusive pedagogical content knowledge (IPCK) of mathematics teachers who teaches in inclusive classes including learning disabilities (LD) students or hearing impairments (HI) students in the context of angle concept. The study is a cross-case study which facilitates the comparison as one of the multiple case designs. The participants of the study are six Turkish mathematics teachers, three of them have experience of teaching to students with LD, and three of them students with HI. The data of the study is collected via semi-structured clinical interviews, and analysed using cross-case analysis. According to the findings of the study that examines the IPCK of teachers regarding the concept of angle, it can be said that teachers’ definitions of angle and their teaching strategies are insufficient. Additionally, it was found that HI teachers used much more multiple presentation such as speaking, writing, drawing shapes, and gestures than LD teachers.

Exploring inclusiveness towards immigrants as related to basic values: A network approach.

Using the 9th round of European Social Survey (ESS), we explored the relationship between Europeans’ basic values and their attitudes towards immigrants. Employing a latent class analysis (LCA), we classified the respondents based on three items capturing the extent to which participants would support allowing three groups of immigrants to enter and live in their countries: immigrants of same ethnic groups, immigrants of different ethnic groups, and immigrants from poorer countries outside Europe. Four classes of Europeans with mutually exclusive response patterns with respect to their inclusive attitudes towards immigrants were found. The classes were named Inclusive (highly inclusive), Some (selective), Few (highly selective), and Exclusive (highly exclusive). Next, using a network technique, a partial correlation network of 10 basic human values was estimated for each class of participants. The four networks were compared to each other based on three network properties namely: global connectivity, community detection, and assortativity coefficient. The global connectivity (the overall level of interconnections) between the 10 basic values was found to be mostly invariant across the four networks. However, results of the community detection analysis revealed a more complex value structure among the most inclusive class of Europeans. Further, according to the assortativity analysis, as expected, for the most inclusive Europeans, values with similar motivational backgrounds were found to be interconnected most strongly to one another. We further discussed the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.

THE DETERMINATION OF PRIORITY SKILLS IN INCLUSIVE CLASSROOMS BASED ON THE VIEWS OF PRIMARY TEACHERS

It is important for students with special needs to acquire some skills in inclusive classes. Therefore, basic skills should be determined by teachers working in inclusive classes and it should be ensured that students with special needs transform these skills into behaviors. This study aims to determine the priority skills in inclusive classrooms based on the views of primary teachers.Moreover, the current study focuses on the methods and techniques used during the acquisition of these skills, reveals the problems experienced in the process, offers solutions for these problems. A case study, one of the qualitative research designs, was employed in the current study. The criterion sampling method, one of the purposeful sampling methods was used to determine the study group. Seven teachers working at primary schools in Nevşehir province participated in this study. The data were collected with semi-structured interview questions and analyzed by content analysis technique using an inductive approach. The findings of the study showed that the most important skills that should be acquired in inclusive classes are self-acquaintance, communication, and empathy.

CURRENT SITUATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF LISTENING AND SPEAKING SKILLS FOR CHILDREN WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENT AGED 3-6 YEARS IN INCLUSIVE KINDERGARTEN CLASSES

This article analyzes the current situation of the development of listening and speaking skills for children with a hearing impairment aged 3-6 years in inclusive kindergarten classes. The survey was conducted on 127 teachers who have worked with those children in 15 inclusive kindergartens in 05 provinces including Hanoi, Ninh Binh, Thai Nguyen, Yen Bai, and Quang Ngai. The survey results show that: Most of the teachers are properly aware of the role and meaning of the development of listening and speaking skills for children with hearing impairments in inclusive kindergarten classes. The teachers started to select and implement a number of contents and ways of the development of listening and speaking skills for children with hearing impairment in accordance with the general contents and methods specified in the early childhood education curriculum. However, due to the lack of in-depth training on inclusive education for children with hearing impairment, the teachers had no specific methods to support children in whole-class activities as well as individualized sessions. Therefore, building guidelines and organizing professional training courses for teachers on how to develop listening and speaking skills for children with hearing impairment is very essential.

Inte så farligt egentligen: Hur subtil exkludering blir osynlig i klassrummet

Studies of ethnicity's impact on the Swedish school system often focus on students with migrant background in segregated, marginalized areas. This study focuses on how school staff in a prestigious school perceive high-performing students with migrant background as formally and socially included, while students voice experiences of exclusion. School staff describe inclusive, allowing students who accept and value each other's differences. Students with a migrant background, however, recurrently mention the subtle, often unvoiced distancing they experience from classmates they view as Swedes. This article focuses on the discrepancies between the staffs' description of an accepting and inclusive class, and the students' descriptions of exclusion. The study is based on participant observations in a prestigious high school, as well as interviews with students, school staff and their school leader.

Control monitoring of the educational process of students with special learning needs

This article outlines and establishes the relationship of the main participants in the educational environment of inclusive education: triad “teacher-psychologist-teacher’s assistant”. The place, role and significance of the teacher's assistant in the team activity of psychological and pedagogical support, in the development and implementation of the individual program of development, differentiation and individualization of the educational process in an inclusive class, effective cooperation with parents, his participation in facilitating the socialization and adaptation of a child with special educational needs in the educational environment are determined. The stages of the educational process control of students with special educational needs and its structure are defined: assessment, diagnostics and monitoring. The principles of control and evaluation of the educational process for students with special educational needs are revealed. The participation in controlling of all members of the educational inclusive environment team is established. The importance of diagnosing the development of students with special educational needs and involving in the elaboration of an individual development program is also revealed.

Music Technology as a Means for Fostering Young Children’s Social Interactions in an Inclusive Class

This research investigated how children aged five to six performed in social interactions and participation by learning American English through music technology activities in an inclusive class. The purposes of this research were to analyze, through music technology activities, the social interactions and participation of children in the inclusive class. Therefore, the research question was as follows: can music technology activities significantly improve children’s social interactions and participation in an inclusive class? There were two themes for the research teaching, each of which included seven weeks of instruction. The teaching content involved three stages, which were pre-test, implementation, and post-test. The research teaching was given 40 min per session twice a week and continued for 14 weeks with 28 teaching times. The methodology primarily consisted of a qualitative assessment of participation, observations, and interviews. In addition to collecting and analyzing qualitative data, quantitative data were also employed in the study. Data sources were semi-structured observation forms, anecdote records, language test scales and interview records, and feedback forms. The results indicated that all children had positive performance in social interactions and participating motivation, as supported by statistical results of social validity. Furthermore, the children’s cooperation and communication effectively improved through music technology activities. Nevertheless, the limitation of the study is the insufficient number of participants involved in the evaluation. For future research, utilizing more than 30 samples would be more appropriate and would supplement the social network analysis to carry out more in-depth investigations and discussions.

Embracing Neurodiversity by Increasing Learner Agency in Nonmajor Chemistry Classes

In this work we focus on neurodiversity, a recently defined facet of diversity. Chemical education is in its early stages of recognizing the value that neurodiversity brings to the field. After an overview of current terminology, we discuss general challenges that neurodivergent students face in chemistry classes. To create an inclusive class experience for students with diverse neurocognitive functioning, we focus on increasing learner agency. Our premise is that neurodiversity is supported by a well-structured, learner-driven class-experience. On the basis of this, we developed a design that we applied in nonmajor chemistry courses taught remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our premise is supported by data extracted from student-teacher interactions, student surveys, and student course evaluations.

Karakteristik dan Model Bimbingan atau Pendidikan Islam Bagi ABK Tuna Wicara

Education is an effort to improve the quality of human resources. Education can be obtained through formal or non-formal institutions. In formal education institutions there are regular classes and inclusive classes. Where in the class there are not only regular children but also some children with special needs. Children with special needs (ABK) are defined as individuals who have different characters from other individuals. In particular, children with special needs show physical, ability, and emotional characteristics that are lower or higher than regular children of their age imposed in society. Like children with special needs who are speech impaired. Children with special needs with disabilities are people who experience abnormalities both in terms of pronunciation (articulation). Thus, education is not only for regular children, but children with special needs are also entitled to a proper school. It is also intended that as Indonesian citizens who uphold the values of justice in Pancasila can be applied properly.

ARTICULATION OF THE PROBLEM OF CONTINUOUS PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHER TRAINING TO WORK IN CONDITIONS OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN THE MODERN PEDAGOGICAL DISKURS

In this article it was investigated the diskurson the one hand for understanding the modern state of problem`s articulation of continuous primary school teacher training made on the basis of a review of normative documents and literature and inclusive education on the other hand. It was analyzed the evolution of views on (1) education of children with special educational needs and (2) approaches to understanding the teacher training to work in inclusive classes with projection on continuous professional development and conception of continuous education. The analysis of normative international and domestic documents, literature of continuous training of teachers and professional activity in terms of inclusive education, practical implementation in Ukraine, new demands to professional competence of modern teacher allowed us to show a sequence of contradictions. In conclusion, the sphere of inclusive education is developing rapidly in Ukraine in the last 10 years which resulted in development of the law and development in science researches in the field of inclusion. Only teacher who is integrated to the system of continuous training and is interested in self-development can integrate principles of inclusive education.

Implementation of Islamic Religious Education Learning in Inclusive Classes in Elementary Schools

Education plays an important role for Indonesia. A good education will have a good influence on the next generation. But vice versa, if education is bad then of course this nation's generation will not have quality. Theoretically, this research can add to the treasury of new knowledge, especially regarding the implementation of Islamic religious education in inclusive classes. This type of research is qualitative research, which is a study that seeks to reveal the symptoms holistically. This means that this research is carried out directly in the field (research place). The teaching and learning process of Islamic Religious Education in inclusive classes sometimes does not run smoothly. The main obstacle when studying Islamic Religious Education is the physical ability and understanding of students in the ABK category which is different from students in general. So that students with the ABK category must get special assistance that will be carried out by special assistant teachers.

THỰC TRẠNG KĨ NĂNG NGHE - NÓI CỦA TRẺ KHIẾM THÍNH 3 - 6 TUỔI Ở LỚP MẪU GIÁO HÒA NHẬP

This article analyzes the current situation of listening and speaking skills of children with hearing impairment aged 3-6 years in inclusive kindergarten classes. The survey was conducted on 36 children with hearing impairment who are aged 3 - 6 years, learning in inclusive kindergarten classes, wearing a sensory device, having the listening thresthold of under 50dB when wearing the devide in 15 inclusive kindergartens in 05 provines including Hanoi, Ninh Binh, Thai Nguyen, Yen Bai, and Quang Ngai. The survey results show that: The listening and speaking skills of children with hearing impairment aged 3-6 years are still limited, reaching the average level with an average score in the listening and speaking skills of 2.34 point. In the two groups of skills, the hearing skill tends to be slightly better than the speaking skill, the listening skills have a good score of 2.59 point, and the speaking skills have a medium score of 2.13 point. The two groups of listening and speaking skills have a very close correlation with each other and are strongly correlated with the factors of sensory devices, time wearing sensory devices, and early intervention. Therefore, developing listening and speaking skills for children with hearing impairment aged 3-6 years in inclusive kindergarten classes is very essential to prepare them for grade 1.

Links between teachers’ knowledge about special educational needs and students’ social participation and academic achievement in mainstream classes

Teachers' pedagogical knowledge is considered a prerequisite for effective teaching and is also expected to be relevant in highly diverse, inclusive classes. This study examines the social participation and academic achievement of children with and without special educational needs (SEN) due to emotional and behavioral (EBD) and learning (LD) difficulties and the importance of teachers' knowledge of these SEN. In 25 primary school classes with at least one child with SEN EBD (N1 = 421) and 40 classes with at least one child with SEN LD (N2 = 715), multilevel analyses revealed poorer performance of students with SEN. Students with SEN EBD also felt less integrated than their peers without SEN. Teachers' EBD knowledge was positively related to every student’s social participation and academic achievement, but teachers’ LD knowledge was unrelated. The results underscore the importance of teacher knowledge for student outcomes in classes with students with SEN.

Primary school inclusive foreign language teaching features


 
 
 
 An integral part of the formation of the New Ukrainian School is an inclusive component, which forms a new philosophy of society based on the understanding of diversity and equality for all. Involvement in education and constant support of children with special educational needs should take place at all stages of receiving complete secondary education, especially in primary school. The paper discusses the features of inclusive foreign language teaching in primary school. Based on the research analysis, pedagogical observation of the educational process in English lessons in inclusive classes, the conclusion is made that it is important for primary school English teachers to use clear and comprehensive instructions before doing exercises and tasks, introduce and maintain the learning routine (greeting, a permanent place for writing homework, questions at the beginning and at the end of the lesson, etc.), change the types of tasks frequently, adapt previously used exercises to the new learning conditions, use scaffolding strategies. The article presents a set of exercises and tasks to use in English lessons when studying the topic “My home” in an inclusive 3rd grade of a general secondary education institution, as well as checklists for self-and peer evaluation of the inclusiveness of the learning environment for English teachers. The exercises and tasks of the set were tested in the 3rd-B grade of Ternopil schools No. 16 and No. 7. The final assessment of the educational achievements of students in English in the second semester of the 2020 / 2021 academic year confirmed the effectiveness and appropriateness of using these exercises and tasks in the English lessons. Checklists for self-and peer evaluation of the inclusiveness of the learning environment were tested and approved by English teachers and recommended for use in the educational process by foreign languages teaching methodology groups.