Including Iron Deficiency Research Articles

Evaluation the Iron status and some electrolytes balance in patients with chronic renal failure

Background: In developing countries, chronic kidney disease (CKD) associated with anaemia is one of the major public health problems. With the progression of the disease, development of haematological abnormalities including iron deficiency increases. Renal anaemia may further increase the morbidity in these patients. Therefore, earlier detection and treatment of anaemia may be helpful in preventing the progression of the diseases and its other adverses (complications) outcomes.
 Materials and Methods : The study included estimation of the level of iron , some electrolytes with the determination of effect of body mass on all biochemical variables in the serum of healthy people the number (40) sample and people with chronic renal failure the (90) sample.
 Results: The Results indicate that the levels of serum iron ,Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) ,Transferrin Saturation (T.S), haemoglobin , PCV, calcium and magnesium were Significantly Decreased in Patients group as compared with control and Significant Height in phosphate level (P≤0.01) in Patients group as compared .

Challenges in the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia in a Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Study

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face many challenges, including feeding problems due to behavioral issues and food aversions. Therefore, pediatric nurse practitioners need to assess for different mineral deficiencies, including iron deficiency anemia (IDA). The following case study describes a 4-year-old with ASD with persistent IDA despite typical recommendation of oral iron supplementation. Other potential etiologies of IDA are reviewed. Finally, different management approaches for managing IDA in children with ASD are described.

Bleeding Disorders in Adolescents with Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: The Queensland Statewide Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology Service.

Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is a common gynecological complaint among young women with up to 40% having experienced HMB. Bleeding disorders are increasingly being recognized in adolescents and young adults with HMB. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bleeding disorders in adolescents with HMB, among patients who presented to the Queensland Statewide Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology Service between July 2007 and July2017. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, INTERVENTIONS, AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The study was a retrospective review of 124 female adolescents aged 8 to 18years with HMB who presented to the Queensland Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology Service, Brisbane, Australia. The primary outcome measure was diagnosis of a bleeding disorder, with secondary outcomes including iron deficiency and/or anemia and treatment modalities. Screening for bleeding disorders was performed in 77/124 (62.1%) of patients with HMB. Twenty-seven adolescents were diagnosed with a bleeding disorder, giving a prevalence of 27/124 (21.7%) in those with HMB, and 27/77 (35%) with HMB who were screened. Of these 35%, von Willebrand disease was the most common bleeding disorder, found in 14/27 (51.6%), followed by inherited platelet function disorders diagnosed in 9/27 (33.3%), thrombocytopenia (inherited or acquired) in 3/27 (11.1%), and Factor IX deficiency in 1/27 (3.7%). Iron deficiency and/or anemia was diagnosed in 53/107 (49.5%) of patients with HMB who were screened for this, and 19/27 (70.3%) of those diagnosed with a bleeding disorder. Adolescents with HMB who present to a tertiary pediatric and adolescent gynecology service should be screened for bleeding disorders, because of the considerably high prevalence in this at-risk population.

Nutritional status and interventional strategies during pregnancy in China

Pregnancy is where a life begins, and the nutritional status of a pregnant woman has profound impact on the short- and long-term health for both her child and herself. With the improvement of living standards, pregnant women in China are in better nutritional condition, but still face the double challenges of excessive calories intake and insufficient intake of some micronutrients. Inadequate weight gain during pregnancy is common, especially excessive weight gain. We are now facing a more serious challenge in nutrition management during pregnancy due to the persistent high prevalence of some complications, including iron deficiency anemia, gestational diabetes mellitus and macrosomia,etc, and the increasing proportion of high-risk gravidas after the implementation of universal two-child policy . Therefore, to have a better understanding of the current nutritional status of pregnant women and develop practical measures, such as strengthening nutrition education and management during pregnancy, are of great significance in improving perinatal outcomes and preventing chronic diseases in adulthood in offspring. Key words: Pregnant women; Nutritional status; Pregnancy outcome; Preventive health services

Collagenous Gastritis, a Rare Cause of Dyspepsia Resistant to Treatment; A Case Report.

Collagenous gastritis is hardly ever found in children and adults. Based on the extent of collagenous changes in the bowel, various symptoms may develop including iron deficiency, anemia, and abdominal pain in most of the patients. We present a 30-year-old man with persistent abdominal pain and anemia due to collagenous gastritis.

Long-term follow up of patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding examined with video capsule endoscopy.

Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) is a commonly used test for the evaluation of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. However, long-term outcomes of patients undergoing VCE are unclear. To evaluate the long-term outcomes in patients undergoing VCE for suspected obscure bleeding including iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and determine the need for additional intervention for persistence or recurrence of symptoms in patients with a diagnostic as well as non-diagnostic VCE. Retrospective cohort study within a large county hospital system. We collected information on indications and findings of VCE and outcomes including further testing, bleeding, and hemoglobin (Hgb) at last follow-up through structured review of the electronic health records. VCE findings were classified as active bleeding or high potential for bleeding (P2), intermediate potential (P1) or without any disruption of the mucosa, and no potential for bleeding (P0). We compared demographic and clinical characteristics between patients with and without normal Hgb at the time of last follow up. We examined 116 patients who underwent VCEs performed for obscure gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding during 2010 to 2012 with mean duration of follow up after VCE completion of 571 days (standard deviation [SD] = 248). Abnormal VCE findings (37.9% for P1 lesions, 44.8% for P2 lesions) were seen in 106 (87.9%) patients. Additional diagnostic testing was performed in 55/116 (47.4%) (67.7% GI procedures). Hgb was restored to normal range in 59/116 (50.9%) by end of follow up which were attributed to iron supplementation and/or discontinuation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in a majority. Twenty six of 116 patients experienced rebleeding (22.4%). The diagnostic yield of VCE is high among patients with obscure GI bleeding. More than 50% of patients achieve normal Hgb in the long term with conservative measures such as iron supplementation and the discontinuation of NSAIDs.

BEBAN GANDA ANEMIA PADA REMAJA SMPN TEMPURAN KABUPATEN KARAWANG

Anemia is commonly found in Indonesia especially in infants, children and adolescents. Adolescent suffering a double burden of anemia including iron deficiency anemia and carriers of thalassemia. Iron deficiency anemia can affect brain function, growth and development process , and weaken the immune system. Thalassemia is a chronic disease passed down from parents to their children. The symptoms of these two diseases are very difficult to distinguish, namely mild anemia and sometimes asymptomatic. The incidence of new cases needs to be controlled, one of them is by using screening tests and education to the community. This program was carried out in the form of increasing the knowledge of health workers, junior high school teachers and students regarding thalassemia and iron deficiency anemia regarding talasemia screening policy from the Health Ministry. The method used is survey, observation and socialization lecture. The results of this study showed an increase in knowledge of Tempuran Middle School students, teachers, and health workers after socialization of thalassemia. The voluntary level of students to join the anemia screening program was 81.89% in Combat 1 Junior High School, and 66.67% in Combat Middle School 2. The percentage of anemia in adolescent girls was 11.68%, while in boys it was 25.53%.

Comorbidities, repeated hospitalizations, and age\u2009\u2265\u200980\xa0years as indicators of anemia development in the older population

Anemia represents a common condition among the elderly; however, its prevalence and causes are not well known. This retrospective analysis was performed on 981 patients aged ≥ 60 in Poland over 2013–2014. The prevalence of anemia was 17.2% and increased with age. The predominant causes of anemia were the following: anemia of chronic disease (33.1%), unexplained anemia (28.4%), deficiency anemia (22.5%, including iron deficiency 13%), and chemo-/radiotherapy-induced anemia (8.9%). In the multivariate logistic regression model, factors increasing the risk of anemia were the following: age ≥ 80 years (OR 2.29; 95%CI 1.19–4.42; P = 0.013), the number of comorbidities (two diseases OR 2.85; 95%CI 1.12–7.30; P = 0.029, three diseases OR 6.28; 95%CI 2.22–17.76; P = 0.001, four diseases OR 4.64; 95%CI 1.27–17.01; P = 0.021), and hospitalizations (OR 1.34; 95%CI 1.13–1.58; P = 0.001). After a 2-year follow-up, the cumulative survival among patients without anemia in relation to the group with anemia was 90.76 vs. 78.08% (P < 0.001). In the multivariate model, anemia (HR 3.33, 95%CI 1.43–7.74, P = 0.005), heart failure (HR 2.94, 95%CI 1.33–6.50, P = 0.008), and cancer (HR 3.31, 95%CI 1.47–7.49, P < 0.004) were all significantly correlated with mortality. In patients ≥ 60 years, the incidence of anemia increases with age, number of comorbidities, and frequency of hospitalizations and has an adverse impact on survival.

Prevalence and Pattern of Anemia Among The Hospitalized Patients of Chronic Liver Disease in A Tertiary Care Hospital

Background : Among the different complications of chronic liver diseases, anemia is not uncommon. This study is done to evaluate the frequency and pattern of anemia among the patients with Chronic Liver Disease (CLD) admitted in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh.100 admitted patients of CLD was evaluated for prevalence and pattern of anemia. Materials and methods : Sampling was purposive non random according to inclusion criteria. After clinical evaluation 5 cc venous blood was collected and sent to the Department of Haematology for haematological profile analysis. Male to female ratio was found 3.1:1. From the age distribution of the patients, highest number (45%) was found in the age group of 30-49 years. Results : Hematological abnormality were detected in 85 (85%) of patients. The various abnormality included anaemia (76%) neutropenia (5%) lymphopenia (6%) thrombocytopenia (47%) pancytopenia(5%). Patients had anemia due to various causes including iron deficiency anemia (85.5%) and Anemia of Chronic Diseases (ACD) 11.8%. Fifty percent (50%) patients had severe anemia where Hb was 6.46± 0.9 gm%. Normocytic normochromic anemia (NNA) was found 30.26%, normocytic hypochromic anemia was found 31.57% and microcytic hypochromic anemia was found 38.15%. Conclusion : Liver diseases are frequently associated with hematological abnormalities. Anemia of diverse etiology occurs in many of these patients.&#x0D; JCMCTA 2017 ; 28 (2) : 111-115

Clinical Practice Guideline on Management of Sleep Disorders in the Elderly.

Clinical Practice Guideline on Management of Sleep Disorders in the Elderly.

Effect of oral contraception on anemia in 12 low- and middle-income countries

ContextIn low- and middle-income countries, anemia is a major public health issue in women of reproductive age for a series of factors including iron deficiency. ObjectiveTo estimate prevalence of anemia and to assess the association of low level of hemoglobin versus duration of use of oral contraceptives (OC). MethodsDemographic and Health Surveys of 12 countries, conducted between 2005 and 2012, were analyzed. The status of anemia was separately evaluated for nonpregnant women using OC for at least 6 months, 1 year and 2 years, and for women using no method of contraception and/or using nonhormonal contraception. ResultsThe total study population comprised 201,720 women, with 40% diagnosed with anemia; around 1 out of 25 women was using oral contraception.The current and continuous use of oral contraception was of benefit against anemia, with the risk for anemia decreasing from odds ratio (OR) 0.68 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64–0.73] for use of at least 6 months to OR 0.56 (95% CI 0.52–0.61) for use of at least 1 year and to OR 0.50 (95% CI 0.46–0.54) for use of at least 2 years. ConclusionsFindings reinforce evidence of the noncontraceptive benefit of long-term use of OC and provide valuable information for policy makers, family planning staff and clinicians working in low- and middle-income countries in efforts to control anemia.

Does the Pathology of Polyps Change With Age?

Introduction: To investigate what type of polyps are detected in patients younger than 50 year of age who underwent colonoscopy for different indications. Methods: We reviewed all colonoscopies done on patients younger than 50 year old for any indication, where one or more polyps were detected and removed over the last 12 months at our surgery center. Results: Thirty-nine (39) patients were identified that met the criteria. Majority of the patients were male (61.6%). Caucasians represented the most predominant ethnicity (76.9%) followed by Hispanic (23%). Age group for the study ranged from 18-49 year, with most patients identified in the age group of 40-49yr (56.4%). Rectal bleeding was the most common indication for the procedure in 17 patients (43.59%), followed by family history of colon cancer (20.51%), personal history of colon polyps (10.25%), and others including iron deficiency anemia, diarrhea and abdominal pain in ten patients (25.64%). The most dominant polyps were Tubular adenoma (TA) 22/39 (56.4%), hyperplastic polyps (HP) (10/39) (25.6%), sessile serrated adenomas (6/39) (15.4%), and one patient (2.56%) with adenocarcinoma. TA's were found in the sigmoid colon (50%), followed by ascending colon (22.7%), descending colon (22.7%), rectum (13.6%) and cecum (9.1%). The size of the polyps ranged from 2mm to 2.0 cm, however, majority of the polyps were less than 1cm in size. Conclusion: Although tubular adenomas are the most prevalent type of polyps in patients younger than 50 year of age they are less frequent compared to the normal screening population (75-85%). We recommend complete excision of any polyps, even small sized polyps that are detected in younger patients.

Que retenir des dernières recommandations européennes sur l’insuffisance cardiaque chronique et aiguë ?

Heart failure is the main chronic disease in cardiology. Its prognosis remains poor despite improvements in its management that allow patients to live increasingly longer with this disease, alternating periods of stability and episodes of decompensation. Treatment guidelines are regularly updated to integrate new results of recent trials that are likely to influence routine care. These guidelines are proposed with different classes of recommendations and difference levels of evidence. It is of paramount importance to summarize the guidelines to make them accessible to the vast majority of cardiologists and easier to read to promote their application. Among the main novelties of the last set of European guidelines for the management of heart failure, we note the proposal for a new classification based on the level of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) with a new class, called heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (LVEF 40-50%), new algorithms for diagnosis and treatment, including the diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, a special focus on preventive strategies, the management of comorbidities including iron deficiency, simplification of the indications for cardiac resynchronization therapy, and finally a growing attention to patient pathways and to the management of hospital discharge. According to these guidelines, it is important that the physician choose the appropriate medications; but it is equally fundamental that the patient understands the disease and acquires self-care skills needed to become a real player in its management. This requires patient education, which is underdeveloped in France.

Does Cell Size Matter?: Utilizing Mean Cell Volume in Hospitalized Patients As a Screen to Determine Common Causes of Anemia Including Iron Deficiency Anemia, Vitamin B12 and Folate Deficiency

Background: The approach to anemia is traditionally based on the Mean Cell Volume. Based on this approach anemia is subdivided into microcytic, normocytic and macrocytic causes. This approach may not accurately discern common causes of anemia in hospitalized patients. Previous studies suggest the MCV may not be a sensitive measurement to differentiate iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 or folate deficiency.Methods: In a retrospective, single-centre study at London Health Sciences Center, all adult patients (age 18 years or older) with confirmed IDA, vitamin B12 and folate deficiency and their associated MCV and RDW values at LHSC over a one year period were reviewed. IDA was defined as hemoglobin less than 115 g/l and ferritin less than 30 (M) and 10 (F). Vitamin B12 deficiency was defined as a value of less than 145.Results: 1119 patients were identified with confirmed IDA, B12 or Folate deficiency. 894 patients had IDA of which 564 patients had low MCV (sensitivity 63.1%) and 797 patients had low MCV or high RDW (sensitivity 89.1%). Of the 96 patients with vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, 12 patients had high MCV (sensitivity 12.5%) and 70 patients had high MCV or high RDW (72.9%). Only one of 2244 patients who had RBC folate measured had an actual folate deficiency.Conclusion: Our results confirm that a normal MCV does not exclude IDA or vitamin B12 deficiency. Clinicians need to be aware of the low sensitivity of the MCV as a screen. The sensitivity of MCV for IDA or vitamin B12 deficiency is improved with indices such as RDW. Folate deficiency is rare in North America and should not be routinely ordered for assessment of nutritional anemia. DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

The Determinants of Hemoglobin Variability in Hemodialysis Patients

Abstract Introduction. Factors that have been reported to affect erythropoietin (EPO) responsiveness in hemodialysis (HD) patients include iron deficiency, chronic inflammation, secondary hyperparathyroidism, malnutrition and inadequate HD dose. The aim of the study was to analyze the deteminants of hemoglobin variability in HD patients. Methods. The study encompassed 526 patients (197 F and 329 M). According to HD vintage at the beginning of the study the patients were divided into two groups: group-1 encompassed 153 patients with HD vintage bellow 24 months, and group-2 encompassed 329 patients with HD vintage over 24 months. Over a period of 21 months after admission the following parameters were analyzed: hemoglobin (Hb), EPO dose, iron dose, HD dose (eKT/V), transferrin saturation (TSAT), C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin and serum albumin at 3 months and parathyroid hormone (PTH) at 6 months. Results. The percentage of patients with Hb&gt;=105g/L significantly improved, and the average Hb level significantly increased in both groups over a period of 21 months. The average EPO and iron dose significantly decreased, but TSAT and ferritin levels significantly increased over a period of 21 months. The average eKT/V and s-albumin values significantly increased, but the average CRP and PTH levels significantly decresead over a period of 21 months. In group-1 EPO dose and CRP, but in group-2 EPO dose, ferritin, HD vintage, and iron dose were statistically significant predictors of the Hb level 9 months after admission. Conclusions. Insufficient EPO therapy, iron deficiency and chronic inflammation were the main factors of inadequate correction of anemia in HD patients before admission.

Clinical and histological characteristics of livedo racemosa in essential thrombocythemia: A report of two cases and review of the published works

Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a rare clonal myeloproliferative disorder with a prevalence rate of approximately 1-3 cases per 100 000 individuals per year. ET is characterized by a persistent increase in the platelet count with hyperplasia of bone marrow megakaryocytes. It is difficult to make a diagnosis of ET, because most thrombocythemia are reactive to certain disease conditions including iron deficiency anemia, infection, collagen diseases and malignant tumors. Mutation in the Janus kinase (JAK)2 gene is present in approximately 50-70% of ET patients, and somatic mutations in the calreticulin (CALR) gene were recently discovered in approximately 20-25% of sporadic patients with ET or primary myelofibrosis. Various cutaneous manifestations of ET often occur by microvascular thrombosis and precede severe arterial and venous thromboembolic events in other organs. Therefore, in order to prevent such severe events, it is important to make an early diagnosis of ET based on a number of cutaneous manifestations. Here, we report two cases of ET diagnosed based on livedo racemosa on feet with gene mutations in JAK2 and CALR, respectively, and show the pathological and immunohistological findings of the livedo resulting from platelet thrombosis rather than vasculitis. We also review the cutaneous manifestations in current published reports of Japanese ET patients. Our patients were successfully treated with low-dose aspirin, a vasodepressor and hydroxyurea, following regressed livedo and reduced platelet counts.

Boala celiacă: diagnostic şi dileme

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. The condition may develop at any age, triggered by exposure to dietary gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. The most frequent intestinal manifestations include diarrhea and weight loss. Common extradigestive manifestations include iron deficiency anemia, dermatitis herpetiformis. The authors presents a clinical case diagnosed with celiac disease expressed with gastrointestinal and extradigestive symptoms, such as abdominal pain, flatulence, anemia, impaired hepatic function and dermatitis herpetiformis.

PWE-135 Pushing Propofol-Assisted Double Balloon Enteroscopy Out of Theatre and Into The Endoscopy Suite: Does The Pound Have Enough Pull?

Introduction Double balloon enteroscopy (DBE) has poorer tolerability compared to other forms of endoscopy due to procedure duration. Anaesthetic led propofol sedation in theatre is increasingly used for complex endoscopy however has cost implications. We studied the feasibility and cost effectiveness of providing an anaesthetic led propofol-based DBE service outside theatre. Methods All patients undergoing DBE with propofol between March 2013 and December 2015 were prospectively recruited. The propofol lists were carried out in an endoscopy room with anaesthetists and fully equipped with anaesthetic equipment. Patient data including hospital anxiety and depression scores (HADS) were performed prior to DBE. Pain, discomfort and distress scores were measured post-DBE (range 0–10 for each category). Costs including consumables, staffing, ward and theatre expenses were compared. Results A total of 82 patients (44% male, 79% oral DBE) were included (mean age 54±13 years). Indications for DBE included iron deficiency anaemia (37%), overt gastrointestinal bleeding (8.5%), Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (18%), abnormal radiology (2.4%), suspected Crohn’s disease (22%), suspected coeliac complications (4.8%) and small bowel tumours/masses (6.1%). The mean dose of propofol was 1089 mg±422.9 and the mean procedural time 77 mins±25. The diagnostic yield was 63%. The findings included polyps/tumours (18%), angioectasias (22%), ulcers (12%), strictures (7%), and abnormal mucosa (6%). DBE was normal in 36.5%. DBE was well tolerated with median scores for pain, discomfort and distress all being 0.2. There were no correlations between pre-DBE HADS and post-DBE pain, discomfort or distress scores (p > 0.05 for all categories). Therapeutic intervention was performed in 40% which included argon plasma coagulation for angioectasias (13.4%), polypectomy (22%) and dilation of strictures (3.7%). One patient experienced transient bradycardia and required glycopyrrolate while another patient became wheezy and required nebuliser therapy post-procedure. Neither cases necessitated abandonment of DBE and were deemed non-serious adverse events. The cost of running a single DBE list with propofol is £2391 at our unit compared to a national range of £3174 - £4730 if run in theatre. Extrapolating this information would imply cost-savings of between £40,700 - £110,000 per year. Conclusion We have demonstrated that propofol-assisted DBE in an endoscopy suite is safe and feasible. It provides excellent tolerability, irrespective of pre-DBE HADS and is cost effective for the department. This allows better utilisation of theatre resources and should be encouraged nationally for other forms of complex endoscopy. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Augmented mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase activity in children with iron deficiency: a tandem between iron and copper?

IntroductionDyshomeostasis of essential trace elements including iron and copper plays a key role in the pathogenesis of a myriad of serious conditions including iron deficiency (ID) anemia, in which impaired cellular energy metabolism is prominent. Although experimental studies documented decreased activity of cytochrome c oxidase (CytOx) in ID, there are not enough clinical data. The present study was conducted to determine serum copper levels and activity of mitochondrial CytOx in isolated lymphocytes of patients with iron deficiency.Material and methodsA total of 210 cases (2–17 years) were included in this prospective study. Serum iron and copper levels were measured. According to the serum iron levels, patients were allocated to iron deficient (ID, n = 70) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA, n = 70) groups, and iron-sufficient participants were allocated to the control group (n = 70). Activity of CytOx in the circulating lymphocytes was colorimetrically measured and compared with the controls.ResultsThe CytOx activity was significantly higher in the IDA (2.9 ±1.2 mOD/min, n = 62) group compared to the control group (2.4 ±1.3 mOD/min, n = 68, p < 0.001). Interestingly, serum copper levels were significantly higher in both the ID (106.9 ±55.5 μg/dl, n = 64, p = 0.0001) and IDA (115.1 ±50.2 μg/dl, n = 59, p = 0.0001) groups than the control group (72.1 ±46.7 μg/dl, n = 69).ConclusionsHigher serum copper levels in patients with IDA implicate co-operative interaction between these trace elements. The elevated CytOx activity in patients with IDA is probably secondary to the normal/elevated serum copper levels.

Low Prevalence of Iron and Vitamin A Deficiency among Cambodian Women of Reproductive Age.

Nearly half of women of reproductive age (WRA) in Cambodia are anemic. To guide interventions, national data on nutritional causes of anemia, including iron deficiency and vitamin A deficiency, are needed. In 2012, a national household survey in WRA on antibodies to routine vaccine-preventable disease immunity was performed. We used serum samples from this survey to estimate the prevalence of iron and vitamin A deficiency in 2112 Cambodian WRA, aged 15 to 39 years. Iron deficiency was classified as low or marginal iron stores (ferritin concentrations corrected for inflammation <15 μg/L and <50 μg/L respectively; Fer), iron deficient erythropoiesis (soluble transferrin receptor concentrations >8.3 mg/L; sTfR), or low total body iron (TBI) derived from Fer and sTfR concentrations (<0 mg/kg). Vitamin A status was classified using retinol binding protein (RBP) concentrations corrected for inflammation as deficient (<0.70 μmol/L) or marginal (<1.05 μmol/L. Overall, the prevalence of low iron stores, low TBI and iron deficient erythropoiesis was 8.1%, 5.0% and 9.3% respectively. Almost 40% of the women had marginal iron stores. Iron status was better in women living in urban areas compared to rural areas (p < 0.05 for TBI and sTfR). The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency was <1%. These findings suggest that the contribution of iron and vitamin A deficiency to the high prevalence of anemia in Cambodian WRA may be limited. The etiology of anemia in Cambodia needs to be elucidated further to guide current policies on anemia.