Plate Inclination Research Articles

Enhanced cadmium (Cd2+) removal from wastewater using integrated inclined plate settler and composite adsorbent coating

Bottlenecks inherent in batch and column adsorption configurations have impeded the implementation of the adsorption technique in large-scale wastewater treatment systems. This study mainly aimed to develop an innovative wastewater treatment prototype that integrates inclined plate settlers (IPS) and composite adsorbent coating (CAC). The objective is to enable the removal of Cd2+ from aqueous solutions in a continuous setup, thereby enhancing its practicality for large-scale applications. The combined IPS-CAC system was optimized at various angle of inclination (θ), influent flow rate (Q) and adsorbate initial concentration (Co) using the Box–Behnken Design (BBD) of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). At optimized operating parameters (θ = 45°, Q = 5 ml/min and Ci = 1.87 mg/L) the IPS-CAC Cd2+ predicted (R2 = 0.9926) and experimental removal efficiencies were 75.8% and 69.7 ± 4.67%, respectively. The IPS-CAC breakthrough adsorption capacity was 9.6 mg/g. Comparing IPS-CAC performance with a tank without plates and IPS with plain plates, the Cd2+ removal efficiencies were 2.4 ± 0.1% and 4.6 ± 1.1%, respectively, confirming the synergistic effect of IPS and CAC. Additionally, breakthrough curves were acquired for various flow rates, cadmium influent concentrations, and plate inclination angles. Only a 10% decline in the removal effectiveness (from 69.7 to 59.7%) of the CAC after three adsorption–regeneration cycles was observed, indicating its stability for heavy metal removal. The results underpin the potential of using IPS-CAC for industrial wastewater treatment and enhancing the use of adsorption on a larger scale.

Computer aided flow investigation of liquid agricultural wastes

Liquid agricultural wastes serve as important fertilizers in modern agriculture but pose environmental and health risks due to high nitrogen compound content. To prevent soil and groundwater contamination, ammonia separation is required before waste application on fields. Conventional separation by stripping is difficult because of column clogging by solid waste loads. This work investigates, both experimentally and numerically, the flow behaviour of liquid agricultural waste to support the development of innovative separators based on inclined plates. The measurements were carried out in a newly developed experimental setup consisting of a liquid distributor over a plate with variable inclination angles. The influence of volumetric flow rate and inclination angles on the flow topology and liquid detachment from the edge of the plate was studied. While the impact of the flow rate was significant, no influence of the plate inclination angle could be observed. A CFD model was developed to support experimental work. Its validation with experimental data was successful, yet with some systematic deviation due to the model simplifications. The developed experimental setup and CFD model offer optimization potential for separation column internals designed for liquid agricultural wastes, with experiments providing higher accuracy and simulations offering flexibility.

Development of intelligent traction walking plate for tension overhead construction

AbstractIn the process of tension wire construction of transmission lines, the key state quantities such as tension, inclination and spatial position of the traction walking plate directly affect the construction safety. At present, the construction personnel use visual observation to obtain the state quantity of traction walking plate in the process of tension wire construction. This monitoring method is not only inefficient, and there are personal subjective factors of judgment errors. For this reason, this paper develops a kind of intelligent traction walking plate for tension wire construction, based on the principle of resistance strain type and gyroscope to obtain the tension and inclination of the traction walking plate, respectively, using two front cameras and two rear cameras to obtain the spatial position of the traction walking plate, and finally completing the real‐time transmission of the monitoring data through the Lora technology. The developed intelligent traction walking plate was applied in Shandong Heze Yongfeng 220 kV transmission line project on 11 October 2020, which improved the construction efficiency by 15.71% while ensuring the construction safety.

Effect of the Proximity of Roots to the Cortical Plate and Inclination of Incisors on External Apical Root Resorption.

External apical root resorption (EARR) is an unfavorable side effect of orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic treatment of patients with increased crowding could lead to the proclination of incisors and proximity of roots to the cortical plates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the proximity of the labial and lingual cortical plates and the inclination of incisors on EARR. Twenty-six patients (age: 13.39 years) with nonextraction fixed orthodontic treatment were evaluated at pretreatment and posttreatment (52 cone-beam computed tomographies). The maxillary and mandibular incisors (416 teeth) were evaluated for the pretreatment predictors such as the labial and palatal (lingual) cortical plate thickness, width of the mandibular symphysis/maxillary alveolus and cancellous bone, position of the root apex in cancellous/cortical bone, and treatment factors such as distance of root to the labial and palatal (lingual) outer and inner cortical plate and incisor inclination. Statistical analyses were performed with R software at a 0.05 significance level. Each parameter was compared between pretreatment and posttreatment by a paired t-test, and the association to root resorption was performed using a regression model. Clinically significant (>1 mm) root resorption was observed in 35% of all mandibular incisors and 52% of all maxillary incisors. Width of cancellous bone, position of the root apex in cortical bone, proximity of the root apex to the labial and palatal (lingual) outer cortical plate, lingual inner cortical plate, and proclination of incisors were significant factors associated with EARR. Proximity to the cortical plates and proclination of incisors are associated with increased EARR.

Experimental investigation of heat transfer effects in impinging circular jets confined by inclined plates

In this study, the effects of heat transfer in turbulent flow fields of impinging circular jet confined by inclined plates were investigated experimentally. Temperature distributions on the impingement plates were acquired with thermal camera. Temperature measurements were carried out on the impingement plate in four different impinging circular jet flow setups confined by plates with inclination angles of θ = 0°, 15°, 30° and 45°, with an inter-plate spacing of 0.5 ≤ H/D ≤ 10 and a Reynolds number range of 20,000 ≤ Re ≤ 30,000. The effects of confinement plate inclination angle, intervals among plates and Reynolds number on the Nusselt distributions of the impingement plates were examined. It was found that Nusselt values on the impingement plate increase with increasing Reynolds number and decrease with increasing intervals among plates. Secondary top points become visible in the Nusselt distributions on the impingement plate at H/D ≤ 3 values of the inter-plate spacing. The position of the secondary top points on the impingement plate move towards the ends of the impingement plate with increasing inclination angle of confinement plate.

Effect of Plate Inclination and Osteotomy Positioning on Rock-back following Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy in Dogs.

Rock-back is a reported complication following tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO), whereby tibial plateau angle (TPA) increases postoperatively. The mechanism of rock-back is not fully understood, although a recent ex vivo investigation demonstrated that osteotomy exit cut angle (ECA) and inclination of the plate in the sagittal plane might be risk factors. The purpose of this study was to explore these relationships in a clinical dog population. We hypothesized that dogs with rock-back would have a higher degree of plate inclination and downward ECA compared with those without rock-back. Medical records and radiographs of dogs that underwent TPLO between January 2021 and January 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. TPA was recorded preoperatively, postoperatively, and at follow-up. Plate inclination, ECA, and descriptive data were collected. Observers measuring TPA were blinded to other variables. Rock-back was defined as a change in TPA ≥ 2. Ninety-five TPLO procedures met the inclusion criteria (n = 87 dogs). Rock-back was identified in 21% of TPLOs (n = 20/95). The mean increase in TPA in the rock-back group was 3.2 ± 2.6. Plate inclination and ECA were not correlated with the presence of rock-back. Descriptive variables did not have a significant correlation with rock-back. Plate inclination and ECA did not have a relationship with rock-back when defined as a postoperative TPA change ≥2 degrees, in this clinical retrospective study.

Experimental and numerical investigations of flow behavior in an open falling film microreactor equipped with curved flow splitting elements

This work aims the experimental and numerical characterization of gas–liquid flow in an open multichannel falling film microreactor containing 64 coated microchannels, and a split & curve structure for the flow distribution. The operating flowrate range, the flow distribution, and the residence time of the liquid in the single channels were assessed via self-designed pulse input tracer experiments.3D simulations based on Volume of Fluid (VoF) multiphase model were developed in ANSYS Fluent considering a representative section of a single microchannel. Simulation results indicate that backflow phenomena and an increase in film thickness along the channel length are the main reasons for the high film thickness observed experimentally. While the flow rate has only a marginal effect on both processes, the plate inclination angle has considerable contribution in overflow and flow stability. Finally, the numerically calculated transversal wetted area is mainly determined by the defined GLS contact angle at the sidewalls.

Flow pulsation characteristics of variable displacement piston pump considering coupling effects cavitation bubble and swash plate inclination angle vibration

Variable-displacement piston pumps, in comparison with quantitative pumps, offer high volumetric efficiency, energy savings, and variable displacement advantages. The outlet flow pulsation of these pumps is influenced by several factors, including swash plate inclination angle vibration, cavitation bubbles, flow distribution structure, and valve control structure. This complexity poses challenges in accurately predicting the flow pulsation at the outlet of variable-displacement piston pumps. In response to this challenge, a novel outlet flow pulsation model for variable-displacement piston pumps is proposed, taking into account the coupling effects of cavitation bubbles and swash plate inclination angle vibration, building upon an existing model. Initially, the effects of cavitation bubbles and swash plate inclination vibrations on flow pulsation were analyzed. Subsequently, a comprehensive flow pulsation model for variable-displacement piston pumps was developed, considering the coupling effects of cavitation bubbles and swash plate inclination angle vibrations. This model was compared with three other existing flow pulsation models. The accuracy of the results was validated using a constructed test bench, with an accuracy improvement of approximately 12% compared to traditional theoretical models. Finally, an optimization model for outlet flow pulsation was proposed. The structural parameters of the valve plate, aimed at minimizing flow pulsation, were determined using the multi-agent particle swarm optimization algorithm. These findings underscore the importance of considering the coupled effects of cavitation bubble and swash plate inclination angle vibration in the design optimization process for reducing low-flow pulsation. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the design of variable-displacement piston pumps with minimized vibration and noise levels.

Experimental study on focused wave breaking on an inclined plate

This study conducts an experimental investigation into the impact of focused wave breaking on an inclined plate, examining characteristics including wave shape, acoustic properties, and impact pressure. The wave's pressure characteristics are primarily dictated by the patterns of wave impact. Variations in the pattern of wave impact are observed with changes in the focal position of the wave group and the inclination of the plate. The position of maximum impact, located near the Still Water Level (SWL), experiences substantial upward or downward shifts corresponding to the plate's inclination. Active acoustic phenomena occur during the interaction between fluid, gas, and solid when waves impact the inclined plate. The sound spectrum indicates an increase in the higher frequency components of sound when compared to wave breaking. The Elementary Loading Processes (ELPs) accurately represent the impact pressure characteristics observed on the inclined plate. The characteristics of impact pressure display high variability across multiple repeated experiments. The differences in impact characteristics under varying plate inclinations can be reflected in the pressure-impulse.

NUMERICAL STUDY FOR A THREE DIMENSIONAL LAMINAR NATURAL CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER FROM AN ISOTHERMAL HEATED HORIZONTAL AND INCLINED SQUARE PLATE AND WITH A CIRCULAR HOLE

A theoretical study for a three-dimensional natural convection heat transfer from an isothermal horizontal , vertical and inclined heated square flat plates (with and without circular hole) has been done in the present work. The study involved the numerical solution of the transient Navier-Stokes and energy equations by using finite deference method (F.D.M.). The complete Navier-Stokes equation are transformed and expressed in terms of vorticity-vector potential. The Energy and Vorticity equations were solved by using an Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) method because they are transient equations of parabolic portion, and the Vector potential is solved by using an equations Successive Over-Relaxation (S.O.R) method because it is from elliptic portion. The numerical solution is capable of calculating the Vector potential, three components of Vorticity and temperature field of the calculation domain. The numerical results were obtained in rang of Grashof number (103≤Gr≤5x104 ) with Prandtl number of (0.72) for square flat plate and the other consist a circle hole with ratio 0.6 and 0.8 diameter of the hole to main square side length. The numerical results showed that the main process of heat transfer is conduction for Grashof number less than 103 and convection for Grashof number larger than 103 and the results of local Nusselt number show fairly large dependence on inclination angle. For horizontal plate facing upward and downward, average Nusselt number is proportional to one-fifth power of Rayleigh number, and there is a significant difference in heat transfer rates between the upward and downward cases. For horizontal plate with circle hole facing upward for Grashof number 104 , the effect of core portion caused a limited increment in the heat transfer rate, where as for the facing downward case, the effect was larger and the maximum value of heat transfer rates is be for square flat plate with circle hole by ratio 0.6 for all inclination angles. With the increase of Grashof number to 5x104 heat transfer rates decrease except the square horizontal flat plate with circle hole by ratio 0.6 . The average Nusselt number increases with the increase of inclination of plates facing upward to reach to the higher average Nusselt number at vertical position then decrease with increase of inclination of plates. And the maximum value of average Nusselt number is depended on the ratio of diameter of the hole to main square side length, showed that the maximum temperature gradient occurs at the external edge of the horizontal plate (with and without circle hole) facing upward and at the lower external edge in inclined case. The numerical results was made through comparison with a previous numerical and experimental work, the agreement was good.

UNSTEADY MIXED CONVECTION HYDRO-MAGNETIC CASSON THERMO-DIFFUSION FLOW OF REACTING AND DISSIPATING FLUID WITH AN INCLINED MAGNETIC FIELD ALONG AN OSCILLATING SLANTED POROUS PLATE

A finite element numerical simulation is undertaken to explore the aspects of angled magnetic field and thermo-diffusion on an unsteady reacting mixed convection flow of hydro-magnetic Casson dissipating fluid with thermal radiation. The fluid streams across an oscillating tilted plate ingrained in a porous medium including time-altering temperature and concentration. The dimensionless flow, guiding partial differential equations along their associated initial and boundary conditions, are handled, enforcing an efficient finite element scheme. The key parameters affecting the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are comprehensively interpreted through graphical representations while the skin friction, heat transfer, and mass transfer rates are outlined via tables. The ultimate results of this study posted that the plate inclination angle, Casson parameter, and applied magnetic strengths are compelled to impede the fluid velocity and local skin friction, whereas the porosity parameter displays a reverse effect. The thermo-diffusion effect amplifies the fluid velocity and species concentration. It also supports that the Eckert number and heat source boost up the velocity and temperature profiles. Moreover, increasing radiation parameter and time crusade results in an upsurge in the Nusselt number. The chemical reaction quickens the Sherwood number, but it decays with the thermo-diffusion parameter. A comparative analysis between the current findings and existing research works in the literature demonstrates the results' precision and exactitude.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF HEAT TRANSFER EFFECTS DUE TO IMPINGING SLOT JETS CONFINED BY INCLINED PLATES

In this study, the effects of heat transfer in turbulent flow fields of impinging slot jet confined by inclined plates were investigated experimentally. Temperature distributions on the impingement plates were obtained with thermal camera. Temperature measurements were carried out on the impingement plate in four different impinging slot jet flow setups confined by plates with inclination angles of θ = 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45°, with an interplate spacing of 0.5 ≤ <i>H/W </i>≤ 6, and a Reynolds number range of 10,000 ≤ Re ≤ 30,000. The effects of confinement plate inclination angle, intervals between the plates, and Reynolds number on the Nusselt number distributions of the impingement plates were examined. It was observed that Nusselt number values increased with increasing Reynolds number and decreased with increasing intervals between the plates. There are secondary top points in the Nusselt number distributions on the impingement plate for low inclined confinement plates (θ = 0° and θ = 15°) and small interplate spacings (<i>H/W</i> = 0.5 and <i>H/W</i> = 1), while there is an increase in the Nusselt numbers at the ends of the impingement plate for high inclined confinement plates (θ = 30° and θ = 45°) and small interplate spacings (<i>H/W</i> = 0.5 and <i>H/W</i> = 1).

Lubrication characteristics of valve plate pair of balanced large flow pump based on elastic deformation

In this paper, the balanced large flow pump is taken as the research object. Considering the elastic deformation of the surface of the valve plate pair, the oil film dynamic model and the power loss model of valve plate pair are established, and the influence of different working conditions on the lubrication characteristics of valve plate pair is analyzed. The results show that the oil film parameters and performance parameters of valve plate pair change periodically. The power loss of valve plate pair is mainly viscous friction power loss, and the leakage power loss is small; considering the elastic deformation, the viscous friction power loss is reduced by 2.73 %–3.61 %, and the leakage power loss is increased by 21.8 %–25.3 %. The increase of working pressure and rotating speed will increase friction and leakage power loss. The increase of internal and external swash plate inclination will reduce the friction power loss and increase the leakage power loss. Compared with the traditional single-row axial piston pump, the viscous friction torque of the balance pump decreases and the leakage increases, but the total power loss decreases, which makes the balance pump more efficient than the traditional pump.

Particle movement mode effect on electrostatics

In this work, particle electrostatics was studied by experiment methods. A single particle was tested for charge generation through moving along a metal inclined plate. It is found that particle movement mode does an important role in determining electrostatics generation. The sequence of particle movement mode to generate electrostatic charge from high to low is sliding, sliding-rolling and rolling. Particle sphericity determines the mode of particle movement along the inclined plate. The electrostatics generated decreases with increasing sphericity. Such trend becomes less from sliding to rolling and decreases with increasing the plate inclination. The electrostatics generated decreases with increasing the inclined angle of the plate, which causes particles more rolling and less sliding. The effect of inclined angle of the plate on the electrostatic charge generation is more significant for a particle with low sphericity than that for a particle with high sphericity. In addition, a granular pneumatic conveying system was set up to measure the electrostatics generated by multiple particles, where particle movement mode is found to make an obvious effect on electrostatic charge generation. Due to particle–wall contact area being large, sliding particles can generate more electrostatic charge than rolling particles do. It is found that electrostatics increases with particle size, particle loading and pipe length.

Magnetohydrodynamic Effects on the Flow of Nanofluids Across a Convectively Heated Inclined Plate Through a Porous Medium with a Convective Boundary Layer

The study explores the problem of Magnetohydrodynamic natural convection boundary layer flow of a nanofluid past a convectively heated inclined porous channel. The governing partial differential equations have been transformed through appropriate similarity functions into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The emerging equations were solved numerically using both a sixth-order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg and the shooting technique. The influences of pertinent parameters such as plate inclination angle, magnetic field, buoyancy ratio, and the convective heating term on the temperature, velocity, and concentration profiles were investigated graphically. Key findings indicate that an increase in magnetic field and permeability leads to a decline in the fluid’s velocity while the temperature and nanoparticle concentration are significantly enhanced. The results obtained are in close correlation with existing body of knowledge discussed in the literature.

Experimental study on passive plate pitching and coherent structures in a square channel by TR-PIV

The interaction of plate pitching and vortex may damage the accumulator isolation passive valve in nuclear power plant. The plate pitching and turbulent flow in a square channel were studied by high-speed camera (HSC) and time-resolved particle image velocimetry (TR-PIV) at Reynolds numbers (Re) from 1474 to 58952.The plate angle captured by HSC were analyzed by edge detection algorithm. The plate is inclined in hydraulic equilibrium without oscillation when Re is less than 14738. The plate pitching start to be periodic at Re = 22107, and then the periodicity weakens with Re increasing from 22,107 to 51583. The time-averaged pitching angle increases from 0.08467 rad to 1.454 rad with Re increasing from Re = 1474 to Re = 51583. The standard deviation of pitching angle increases from zero with Re less than 14,738 to 0.1294 rad at Re = 22107, and then it decreases to 0.006536 rad at Re = 51583. The peak frequency of plate pitching is the same as that of turbulent flow extracted from the power spectral density of instantaneous velocity downstream of the pitching plate, indicating the passive plate pitching is determined by turbulence. The plate pitching is driven by lift force torque due to the leading-edge-vortex shedding from the pitching plate.The interaction between passive plate pitching and fluid generates complicated turbulence. The time-averaged flow structures are typical shear-flow due to small plate inclination angle without oscillation when Re is less than 14738. The Reynolds stresses are highly enhanced in the shear flow. At Re = 22107, the time-averaged flow structures behave as vortex bubble over the plate and shear flow surrounding the plate, and the Reynolds stresses downstream of the plate are obviously enhanced by shedding vortices from the plate. With Re increasing from 22,107 to 58952, the time-averaged vortex bubble becomes smaller and shifts downwards to the plate trailing end, while the Reynolds stresses with similar distribution patterns decrease fast. The peak frequency of vortex shedding increases with Re increasing. The large spatial and temporal length scales are induced by shear flow at low Re less than 14738. The large length scales are dominated by von Kármán street shedding from the plate at Re from 22,107 to 58952, which are identified by proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis, because the first two modes are the same mode of von Kármán street with a phase difference.The experimental work improves understandings of plate-fluid-interaction of the isolation passive valve and supports validations of numerical simulations.

The base plate orientation angle: a plain radiographic technique for designing the base plate’s inclination in reverse shoulder arthroplasty

Superior inclination of the base plate in reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is underestimated and may lead to major setbacks in terms of functional outcomes due to the altered biomechanics. Joint instability, scapular notching, and loosening of the glenoid component are considered the most serious sequelae. Therefore, a thorough preoperative radiological assessment of the affected shoulder joint and customized design of the prosthesis according to the glenoid morphology are decisive and directly correlated to the outcome. In this article, we propose a simple radiographic technique to assess the inclination of the glenoid preoperatively, which identifies the need for intraoperative correction. One hundred inconspicuous shoulder radiographs were included in the control group (CG) to define the normal ranges of the base plate orientation angle (BOA) and the base plate correction angle (BCA). Further, both angles were measured on 2-dimensional (2D) computed tomography scans of patients with proximal humerus fractures as well as radiographs, 2D and 3-dimensional (3D) computed tomography scans of patients with cuff tear arthropathy who underwent RSA between 2018 and 2021. The interobserver reliability among three independent testers was evaluated by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient. In cuff tear arthropathy cases, the BOA and BCA measurements on different imaging modalities were compared using the Wilcoxon test. Possible variations of both angles' values based on glenoid erosion types, according to the Favard classification, were also investigated. Regardless of the imaging modality used, the interobserver reliability was excellent among three independent observers. In the CG, the mean BOA and BCA values were 118°±6° and 17°±5°, respectively. The mean corrected BOA values of the CG and fracture group were 136°±5° and 140°±5°, respectively. In contrast to the BCA values, the BOA measurements on radiographs showed a statistically significant difference compared to those obtained on 2D- and 3D scans in the cuff arthropathy group. Further, both angles' values varied according to the extent and location of the glenoid erosion. The lowest mean BOA and highest mean BCA values were observed in cases with Favard glenoid type E3. The BOA and the BCA are reliable tools proposed to aid in precisely positioning the glenoid component in RSA in the preoperative setting. Whereas, the BOA determines the inclination of the inferior glenoid segment, the BCA represents the extent of correction required to obtain a neutral inclination of the base plate. Glenoid type E3 of the Favard classification with superior wear is particularly susceptible to base plate superior tilt.

Flow and acoustics in a model rocket flame deflector and deflector cover

The design of a rocket launch environment is a complex process with many different aspects that are highly interconnected. Acoustics, which is one of these, should be investigated in detail due to possible devastating effects on the launch vehicle, crew, and launch environment. This study uses a numerical method to consider a passive noise reduction method applied to a supersonic jet impinging on an inclined flame deflector to decrease the acoustic loads on the launch vehicle and noise levels in the far-field. In a supersonic jet impinging on an inclined flat plate configuration, acoustic waves that travel upstream originate from the impingement and wall jet regions. These upstream traveling waves are a combination of the acoustic waves that are produced by the high speed jet flows in the wall jet region and acoustic waves that reflect from the impingement wall. Due to the inclination of the impingement plate, these waves either travel to the far-field in the upstream direction or travel towards the free-jet region interacting with the high speed flow near the nozzle lip. This interaction can create a self sustaining feedback loop, which can cause acoustic tones to appear in the near- and far-field spectra. It is the aim of the present study to block the upstream traveling waves by introducing a second inclined wall with a circular cut-out between the nozzle exit and the impingement plate. Different configurations with different wall locations and cut-out sizes are investigated using a Detached Eddy Simulation CFD solver and an acoustic solver that is based on the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings analogy. The mechanisms for the establishment of the feedback loops are examined.

Model-based comparison of hybrid nanofluid Darcy-Forchheimer flow subject to quadratic convection and frictional heating with multiple slip conditions

Hybrid nanofluids provide several advantages over conventional fluids, including improved thermal characteristics, increased stability, customizable features, multifunctionality, and environmental advantages. Hybrid nanofluids are an appealing alternative for a variety of applications due to these benefits. This study aims to compute the non-similar solution of single-multi wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs-MWCNTs)-based hybrid nanofluid flow over an inclined extending surface. Heat transmission and flow are observed under the effects of quadratic convection, Darcy-Forchheimer quadratic drag forces, viscous dissipation, and non-linear thermal radiative heat flux. The velocity and thermal slip constraints are imposed at the inclined surface. For the model-based comparison, Xue, and Modified Hamilton Crosser thermal conductivity models for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are adopted. The irreversibility of the system is also investigated using the second law of thermodynamics for the distinct CNTs-based thermal conductivity models. Non-similarity variables are adopted to convert nonlinear partial differential equations into dimensionless PDEs. Analytical modeling of non-similar systems is done by adopting non-similarity transformations up to second-level truncation, and the bvp4c technique is then used to compute the results numerically. The research found that at 75° of plate inclination, the Modified Hamilton Crosser model for CNTs outperforms the Xue model in terms of heat transfer rate. Further, entropy generation is significantly larger for the Xue model than for the Modified Hamilton Crosser model for CNTs against higher values of viscous dissipation and porosity parameters. It is also revealed that for opposing buoyancy force G R < 0, the temperature of the fluid escalates. This study possesses multiple applications including petroleum engineering, heat exchangers, environmental remediation, and biomedical applications.

Modeling and Analysis of Unsteady Casson Fluid Flow due to an Exponentially Accelerating Plate with Thermal and Solutal Convective Boundary Conditions

We intend to analyze the consequence of considering thermal radiation on time-dependent flow of the Casson fluid due to an exponentially accelerated inclined surface along with thermal as well as solutal convective boundary conditions. Fundamental equations governing an isotropic incompressible radiative Casson fluid flow are defined through a set of linear partial differential equations, and exact solutions are derived by using the Laplace transform approach. The numerical findings, obtained using MATLAB software, are presented in graphical and tabular representations based on the obtained analytical solutions of the fundamental equations. This investigation shows that the increment in thermal radiation results in the increment in fluid velocity and temperature distribution including thermal and momentum boundary layer thicknesses. Most interestingly, increasing the mass transfer coefficient results in an increment in the species concentration, velocity profiles, and mass transfer rate. However, the fluid velocity diminishes near the plate upon the increase in plate inclination. The scientific community will benefit greatly from this work since the findings can serve as benchmark solutions using numerical approaches to solve fully nonlinear flow governing problems.