Incipient Approach Research Articles

Multispecies soundscapes: a more-than-human approach

Sound and listening are integral to how communities engage with environments. Accordingly, many soundscape research projects are currently carried out to improve environments, with methods rapidly developing in a variety of human and non-human-centred fields. Although developments are taking place in parallel, approaches are yet to be fully integrated for the design and planning of multispecies soundscapes for the health and well-being of all communities. Human and non-human approaches to soundscape research differ not only in the methods used to assess the soundscape (subjective versus objective) but also in the conceptualisation of soundscapes and the aims of their research. This paper is an exploratory proposition towards the alignment of human and non-human soundscape approaches and aims to instigate questions and further research towards the expansion of soundscape practices. The paper argues that the planning and design of multispecies soundscapes requires the understanding of different conceptualisations and aims before attempting to integrate methods, and critically reviews incipient approaches and practices that are seeking to bridge subjective and objective, human and non-human, soundscape research.

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: From Common Microscopy to Single-Cell Biology and Precision Medicine.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive, and usually fatal lung disease of unknown etiology and is included in the large, complex, and heterogeneous group of interstitial lung diseases (ILD). IPF is characterized by an aberrant activation of epithelial cells and fibroblasts and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, resulting in the progressive destruction of the lung architecture. Here we approach the fascinating historical evolution of our knowledge about this disorder from the past century, when most efforts were focused on ILD classification and terminology, until the current century, when the explosive progress in molecular genetics, epigenetics, and multiomics, as well as the development of complex computational tools, resulted in a huge advance in unveiling the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease. Recent advances in artificial intelligence, machine and deep learning, and artificial neural networks show promising results in identifying lung fibrotic patterns in high-resolution computed tomography or helping to create a tissue genomic classifier for specific diagnosis. Finally, incipient approaches to precision medicine are ongoing in the area of pharmacogenetics.

Optimization of volatile fatty acid production by sugarcane vinasse dark fermentation using a response surface methodology. Links between performance and microbial community composition

The recovery of volatile fatty acids (VFA) from waste and wastewaters has recently been pointed out as a promising strategy for adding value to residues, which characterizes the carboxylate platform. The exploitation of sugarcane vinasse within the carboxylate platform is still an incipient approach and has to be further investigated to determine the conditions which optimize the process. This study aimed to optimize the production of VFA (as the sum of concentrations of acetic, butyric and propionic acids) through the dark fermentation (DF) of sugarcane vinasse. A central composite design (CCD, factorial 22) and response surface methodology (RSM) regarding two independent variables, namely, temperature (33–47 °C) and initial pH (7.1–9.9), was performed. Experiments were conducted in batch reactors using diluted vinasse (COD = 10 gL−1) without nutrient supplementation. The results showed that the production of VFA reached a peak of 2,980 mgL−1 (as the sum of VFA produced), yield of 332 mg-CODVFAg−1CODtinicial and productivity of 619 mg-CODL−1d−1) at 39.6 °C and initial pH of 8.8. The microbial community analysis performed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing showed that organisms from the families Clostridiaceae, Enterobacteriaceae and Lachnospiraceae, and Veillonellales-Selenomonadales order prevailed during higher VFA production, whilst the presence of Desulfotomaculales and Lactobacillaceae families could be associated with VFA consumption and lactic acid production, respectively. These results provide a basis for vinasse management within the carboxylate platform context, potentially diversifying the product portfolio of sugarcane biorefineries.

Scientific Mapping on the Impact of Climate Change on Cultural and Natural Heritage: A Systematic Scientometric Analysis

The world’s cultural and natural heritage has been gradually affected by climate change, and although the research agendas of many countries have included this reality since 2003, there is still an incipient approach to it, with analysis techniques used being limited. In addition, there are very few case studies that describe in detail the adaptation processes of spaces to these new conditions. The aim of this research is to identify the scientific production related to the impact of climate change on cultural and natural heritage indexed in the international databases Scopus and Web of Science (WoS), which will enable to establish maturity of the research on this subject. The methodology used for the analysis of the data obtained is bibliometric analysis; evaluative and relational measures are applied to a set of 78 articles (45 in Scopus and 33 in WoS) and to a joint base of 47 articles after deleting those articles that overlap in both databases. The result is a scientific mapping that enables observing of the evolution of knowledge generation in this field of study. The main findings show that research is incipient, with a large presence of transient authors with a single publication, the research is limited to the geographical scope of Europe and North America, neglecting many other areas, the impact which is measured by the citation of articles is very low, the relational measures corroborate that the thematic approach is new by identifying a high presence of isolated relationships among authors. The results obtained will be very useful for researchers working in this scientific area, as they can find a synthesis of scientific production in this document, allowing them to draw their own conclusions regarding the current gaps in research; constituting the starting point of their research, with the aim of filling these gaps.

Early interaction, communication and the origins of autism: far-reaching insights by Ángel Rivière (Interacción temprana, comunicación y los orígenes del autismo: la visión con largo alcance de Ángel Rivière)

ABSTRACT In this paper we revisit some ideas of the early work by Ángel Rivière that not only marked his later research but anticipated an approach that, in essence, is still valid and reflects current advances in our understanding of autism as a developmental condition primarily affecting social interaction and communication. More specifically we focus on how: (1) his insights on the possible alteration of early interaction programmes of infant/adult communication both determined his own later research and preceded evidence impossible to obtain at the time; (2) his view on the early symbolization at the end of infancy shaped an incipient approach that identified a key semiotic dimension for the diagnosis and intervention in autism; (3) his early constructivist model integrated the best of Piagetian and Vygostkian constructivisms and is still compatible with modern neuroconstructivism, balancing the input of ‘nature and nurture’ in the study of communication and its neurodevelopmental disorders.

Psicoanálisis y sociologí­a: la perspectiva contrahegemónica de Erich Fromm para el estudio de la salud mental

La reflexión que en este espacio se presenta aborda la contemporaneidad del pensamiento del sociólogo, psicólogo y filósofo alemán Erich Fromm para el estudio de la salud mental. Las crecientes preocupaciones por esta área de la salud, tanto en la agenda de las ciencias médicas como sociales y polí­ticas, dentro y fuera de nuestra región, constituyen una de las principales motivaciones de estas lí­neas. El interés fundamental de la autora ha estado en intentar visualizar la utilidad teórica y metodológica de los estudios de este autor para el análisis empí­rico de dicha problemática, en tanto este favorecerí­a los acercamientos a la misma desde una comprensión que no parcele la totalidad humana y su relación con la naturaleza. Constituye este artí­culo el resultado de los primeros avances de los estudios doctorales de la autora, enfrascados en un análisis de las relaciones que se tejen entre diversos factores sociales y el continuo salud-enfermedad mental en una cohorte de población en edad laboral de la capital cubana. Las dimensiones estadí­sticas de esta problemática en Cuba y los incipientes acercamientos hechos desde la sociologí­a en el contexto cubano a la misma devienen tambiénen razones que han impulsado este inicio.

Why Not Glycine Electrochemical Biosensors?

Glycine monitoring is gaining importance as a biomarker in clinical analysis due to its involvement in multiple physiological functions, which results in glycine being one of the most analyzed biomolecules for diagnostics. This growing demand requires faster and more reliable, while affordable, analytical methods that can replace the current gold standard for glycine detection, which is based on sample extraction with subsequent use of liquid chromatography or fluorometric kits for its quantification in centralized laboratories. This work discusses electrochemical sensors and biosensors as an alternative option, focusing on their potential application for glycine determination in blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid, the three most widely used matrices for glycine analysis with clinical meaning. For electrochemical sensors, voltammetry/amperometry is the preferred readout (10 of the 13 papers collected in this review) and metal-based redox mediator modification is the predominant approach for electrode fabrication (11 of the 13 papers). However, none of the reported electrochemical sensors fulfill the requirements for direct analysis of biological fluids, most of them lacking appropriate selectivity, linear range of response, and/or capability of measuring at physiological conditions. Enhanced selectivity has been recently reported using biosensors (with an enzyme element in the electrode design), although this is still a very incipient approach. Currently, despite the benefits of electrochemistry, only optical biosensors have been successfully reported for glycine detection and, from all the inspected works, it is clear that bioengineering efforts will play a key role in the embellishment of selectivity and storage stability of the sensing element in the sensor.

Bioética e residência em Medicina da Família e Comunidade

A Residência Médica (RM) é considerada o padrão-ouro em termos da especialização médica no país. A bioética integra o rol de disciplinas obrigatórias para a formação em nível de RM, merecendo destaque pela (i) crescente complexidade do trabalho em saúde e (ii) incipiente abordagem dos problemas éticos na formação dos profissionais da saúde. Com base nestas considerações, foi desenhada a primeira “Oficina de Formação em Bioética e Atenção Primária à Saúde”, para o Programa de Residência em Medicina de Família e Comunidade do Município do Rio de Janeiro (PRMFC-SMS-RJ), com o objetivo de fomentar o debate sobre os aspectos bioéticos da prática profissional na Atenção Primária à Saúde/Estratégia Saúde da Família (APS/ESF). O escopo do presente artigo é relatar a experiência e contribuir para as discussões sobre a necessária abordagem dos conflitos éticos para a excelência do cuidado em saúde na APS/ESF.

Saberes docentes em estudos acadêmicos relacionados à história da matemática nos últimos cinco anos

Em pesquisas no âmbito da Educação Matemática, é possível notar trabalhos que apontam o potencial da história da matemática para a formação de professores. Ao que se observa, a importância da história repousa no fato dela fornecer alguns saberes necessário ao trabalho do professor, a exemplo, tem-se os que se referem ao conteúdo a ser ensino, pois a história pode indicar o processo de construção dos conhecimentos. No campo da educação, os saberes têm sido utilizados para se pensar a formação de professores sob a perspectiva de alguns estudiosos, como por exemplo Shulman (1986, 1987) e Tardif (2000, 2002). Nesse sentido, nota-se que o quadro teórico sobre os saberes pode subsidiar pesquisas que buscam articular a história da matemática a formação de professores. Nessa perspectiva, teve-se como objetivo apresentar um levantamento de pesquisas dos últimos 5 anos que tratam a formação de professores a partir de uma aproximação entre história da matemática e os saberes docentes. Para tanto, trabalhou-se sob o aporte metodológico do método de investigação de uma revisão sistemática de literatura. As pesquisas catalogadas e analisadas revelaram que o trabalho com a história da matemática na formação de professores não tem sido articulado e/ou subsidiado pelas referências que tratam dos saberes docentes. Algumas pesquisas até trazem considerações de autores como Lee Shulman, entretanto eles não têm sido explorados como quadro teórico para olhar a formação do professor. Notou-se uma aproximação muito incipiente, fato que possivelmente minimiza as possibilidades de se pensar a formação do professore de matemática.

Maxwell Electrodynamics in Terms of Physical Potentials

A fully relativistically covariant and manifestly gauge-invariant formulation of classical Maxwell electrodynamics is presented, purely in terms of gauge-invariant potentials without entailing any gauge fixing. We show that the inhomogeneous equations satisfied by the physical scalar and vector potentials (originally discovered by Maxwell) have the same symmetry as the isometry of Minkowski spacetime, thereby reproducing Einstein’s incipient approach leading to his discovery of special relativity as a spacetime symmetry. To arrive at this conclusion, we show how the Maxwell equations for the potentials follow from stationary electromagnetism by replacing the Laplacian operator with the d’Alembertian operator, while making all variables dependent on space and time. We also establish consistency of these equations by deriving them from the standard Maxwell equations for the field strengths, showing that there is a unique projection operator which projects onto the physical potentials. Properties of the physical potentials are elaborated through their iterative Nöther coupling to a charged scalar field leading to the Abelian Higgs model, and through a sketch of the Aharonov–Bohm effect, where dependence of the Aharonov–Bohm phase on the physical vector potential is highlighted.

Optimizing syndromic health surveillance in free ranging great apes: the case of Gombe National Park.

1. Syndromic surveillance is an incipient approach to early wildlife disease detection. Consequently, systematic assessments are needed for methodology validation in wildlife populations. 2. We evaluated the sensitivity of a syndromic surveillance protocol for respiratory disease detection among chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Empirical health, behavioural and demographic data were integrated with an agent-based, network model to simulate disease transmission and surveillance. 3. Surveillance sensitivity was estimated as 66% (95% Confidence Interval: 63.1, 68.8%) and 59.5% (95% Confidence Interval: 56.5%, 62.4%) for two monitoring methods (weekly count and prevalence thresholds, respectively), but differences among calendar quarters in outbreak size and surveillance sensitivity suggest seasonal effects. 4. We determined that a weekly detection threshold of ≥2 chimpanzees with clinical respiratory disease leading to outbreak response protocols (enhanced observation and biological sampling) is an optimal algorithm for outbreak detection in this population. 5. Synthesis and applications. This is the first quantitative assessment of syndromic surveillance in wildlife, providing a model approach to detecting disease emergence. Coupling syndromic surveillance with targeted diagnostic sampling in the midst of suspected outbreaks will provide a powerful system for detecting disease transmission and understanding population impacts.

High-Frequency Jet Ventilation in Nonintubated Patients.

High-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) is a convenient method for providing ventilation during fiberoptic bronchoscopy. We describe an incipient approach of high-frequency jet ventilation via the working channel of a flexible bronchoscope for nonintubated patients who suffer from hypoxemia during bronchoscopy. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of this incipient approach and determine the possible complications related to it. Sixteen patients who had oxygen saturation below 70% that did not resolve with nasal oxygen for 20 s during interventional bronchoscopy were included in the study. High-frequency jet ventilation was administrated via the working channel of a bronchoscope for 3 min. Arterial blood gas circumscriptions were compared before and after jet ventilation. Oxygen saturation increased to >90% in all patients 30 s after jet ventilation. Mean arterial oxygen saturation pressure increased from 54.84 to 111.98 mmHg with jet ventilation (p=0.0001). Arterial carbon dioxide tension decreased after jet ventilation. The body mass index had no consequential effect on arterial carbon dioxide pressure after jet ventilation in our patients (p=0.1). Complications such as pneumothorax and working channel damage were not observed. High-frequency jet ventilation via the working channel of the bronchoscope is a novel method that can provide optimal ventilation with minimal complications to nonintubated patients suffering from hypoxemia during bronchoscopy. This method also reduces the duration of bronchoscopy procedures.

Annual Research Review: Discovery science strategies in studies of the pathophysiology of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders--promises and limitations.

Psychiatric science remains descriptive, with a categorical nosology intended to enhance interobserver reliability. Increased awareness of the mismatch between categorical classifications and the complexity of biological systems drives the search for novel frameworks including discovery science in Big Data. In this review, we provide an overview of incipient approaches, primarily focused on classically categorical diagnoses such as schizophrenia (SZ), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but also reference convincing, if focal, advances in cancer biology, to describe the challenges of Big Data and discovery science, and outline approaches being formulated to overcome existing obstacles. A paradigm shift from categorical diagnoses to a domain/structure-based nosology and from linear causal chains to complex causal network models of brain-behavior relationship is ongoing. This (r)evolution involves appreciating the complexity, dimensionality, and heterogeneity of neuropsychiatric data collected from multiple sources ('broad' data) along with data obtained at multiple levels of analysis, ranging from genes to molecules, cells, circuits, and behaviors ('deep' data). Both of these types of Big Data landscapes require the use and development of robust and powerful informatics and statistical approaches. Thus, we describe Big Data analysis pipelines and the promise and potential limitations in using Big Data approaches to study psychiatric disorders. We highlight key resources available for psychopathological studies and call for the application and development of Big Data approaches to dissect the causes and mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders and identify corresponding biomarkers for early diagnosis.

Efectos de la propina en la socio-economía y en el ser humano

The article describes tip and its relation to human capital management. The purpose is to examine the fundamental aspects of the tip and its effects on the worker, owner, manager and client in Mexico. It is not a well know phenomenon but implications for economic and social environment. An incipient approach. The study is based on field research by way of poll, and performing a statistical analysis and Nominal Ordinal Interval sobre162 Simple and employees, from managers and surveyed 28 owners and 281 client interviews.

Environmental education for nursing faculty members: perception and relation to nurse training

to describe the perception of nursing teachers on environmental education and its relation to the professional training received by nurses. exploratory-descriptive, qualitative study performed with 17 nurses working in Undergraduate Nursing courses at Federal Institutions of Higher Education of Rio Grande do Sul. Data were collected between January and April 2013, through semi-structured interviews and the analysis of pedagogical projects. Content analysis framework was used for data analysis. the following categories emerged: multiplicity of perceptions about environmental education, where environmental education, although still perceived through a naturalist bias, also includes a well rounded vision for socio-cultural context and human values; and environmental education in in the nursing education program, showing an incipient approach in vocational training, while recognizing its importance in nursing care. Environmental education must be fostered with the goal of providing training committed to environmental sustainability.

Estudos organizacionais de aprendizagem e conhecimento à luz das abordagens situada e da tecnociência

Em virtude das lacunas apontadas pela literatura de conhecimento e aprendizagem organizacional, este artigo constitui uma reflexão sobre conhecimento e aprendizagem organizacional por meio das abordagens situada e da tecnociência. Desse modo, a aprendizagem é considerada uma teoria do movimento organizacional e social, portanto, de caráter processual e relacional. Essa alternativa permite lançar um olhar diferenciado para o fenômeno por meio de duas abordagens ainda incipientes nos estudos da área, uma vez que ambas têm interesse no processo pelo qual um "objeto novo" torna-se um "objeto menos novo". Destaque é dado às obras de Latour, autor que explora os conceitos de agência e tempo/espaço como construídos localmente. A organização é tida, nessa perspectiva, como sistema de autoridade. Um estudo teórico-empírico realizado com plantas industriais é utilizado neste artigo como base para explorar o enfoque dinâmico do conhecimento e para compreender a aprendizagem como parte de uma prática social da vida organizacional. Destaca-se, ainda, o potencial das abordagens situada e da tecnociência para analisar o conhecimento e a aprendizagem organizacional, considerando-os de uma forma mais ampla e relacional, em uma realidade na qual há dinâmica e movimento implícito. Apontam-se as implicações que permanecem, tanto em relação ao conteúdo como à metodologia, e salienta-se a necessidade de novos estudos teóricos e teórico-empíricos.

Princípio da precaução no Brasil após a Rio-92: impacto ambiental e saúde humana

A preservação da qualidade ambiental, apesar de ser um princípio de reconhecimento universal, a agressão ao ambiente é uma realidade que provoca danos de difícil reparação ao próprio e à saúde humana. Na Declaração do Rio, fruto da Conferência Rio-92, apresenta-se a proposta de utilização do Princípio da Precaução - que é aplicado em muitos estudos atuais, - como instrumento antecipatório da prevenção na avaliação do impacto ambiental. Este artigo discorre sobre o uso do Princípio da Precaução para os estudos de impacto à saúde, na incerteza da licitude da atividade desenvolvida, e da necessária dose, tempo de exposição, da causa única ou da multicausalidade das doenças que podem ocorrer devido à alteração ambiental.

Corporate sustainability in emerging markets: insights from the practices reported by the Brazilian retailers

Abstract Sustainable development depends on more sustainable consumption and production patterns, which respond to basic needs and bring better quality of life while minimizing the use of natural resources so as not to jeopardise future generations' needs. Retailers play an important part in this change due to their privileged position between supply and demand. Despite of that, research on retail sustainability is still emerging. Therefore, this paper aimed to identify the reported practices and management approach employed by Brazilian retailers to make the shift towards sustainability. To do so, it was carried out a content analysis of the practices reported by eight Brazilian retailers – the top four of the supermarket and the department store segments. The analysis revealed some important findings: a primary focus on internal practices mainly social issues regarding their relationship with employees and community; few internal eco-efficiency activities implemented mainly in new or “green stores” that focus on impacts' remediation rather than on the elimination of their causes; an incipient approach on sustainable supply chain management and consumer awareness; and that sustainability practices are not integrated into a management system. This set of results is the first attempt to shed light on the way how the Brazilian retail industry is dealing with sustainability issues and one of the few in the emerging international literature, thus contributing to both. Therefore, it can be used as a base to further and more in-depth research regarding issues such as the implementation of sustainable supply chain and co-development of sustainable products and processes; the effects of the sustainability practices on organizational performance and competitivity; how to manage sustainability integrated into the organization management system; the causes of the differences between domestic and multinational retailers' approaches and results; sustainability practices in others segments of the retail industry based on the framework employed in this paper; etc. Finally, some limitations should be taken into account when employing these findings: the fact that they reflect the data quality self-reported by each organization in 2010 and that they encompass a small number of cases.

<b>“É a lei”: o Ensino Fundamental de 9 anos da perspectiva de graduandas/o de Pedagogia</b>

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198464444069 Trata-se dos resultados de pesquisa qualitativa delineada com objetivo geral de identificar concepções de graduandas/o de um curso de Pedagogia sobre o novo Ensino Fundamental de 9 anos (EF). Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados foram a produção de um texto sobre o EF e entrevistas semiestru-turadas. Neste artigo, focalizam-se os resultados obtidos pela produção de textos. Dela, participaram 33 graduandos de Pedagogia de uma universidade privada do interior de São Paulo, concluintes desta graduação em 2010. O material empírico foi analisado através de categorias construídas a posteriori, pela leitura intensiva do material, buscando núcleos temáticos recorrentes nas produções, interpretados à luz da teoria histórico-cultural. Dos resultados, destacam-se concepções essencialmente positivas do novo EF, menções quanto à importância de preparo dos professores e das escolas e abordagem incipiente da atividade lúdica (predominando um tratamento genérico da mesma). Esses resultados permitem localizar pontos importantes de serem abordados na formação inicial e continuada dos professores que trabalham e trabalharão na construção do novo EF e problematizar o modo pelo qual graduandas/o de Pedagogia interpretam o estatuto das leis no campo da educação. Palavras-chave: Ensino Fundamental de 9 anos; atividade lúdica; formação inicial de professores.

'Amáveis patrícias': o Mentor das Brasileiras e a construção da identidade da mulher liberal na província de Minas Gerais (1829-1832)

O Mentor das Brasileiras foi um periódico voltado para o público feminino da província brasileira de Minas Gerais, no contexto de ampliação do espaço público e expansão da imprensa periódica de fins do Primeiro Reinado e início do período regencial (1829-1832). O periódico interagiu com um público feminino de certa importância social e instrução, no contexto de uma pedagogia liberal-moderada, e, dentro desses limites, propiciou-lhe argumentos emancipatórios e uma incipiente aproximação da esfera pública, e construiu uma identidade da mulher liberal.