Incineration Power Plant Research Articles

The Life Cycle Assessment on Mixed Incineration of High Heating Value Industrial Solid Waste with Municipal Solid Waste

The industrialization process of China has achieved remarkable economic and social development in recent decades, which companies with excessive production of industrial solid waste (ISW). It took up a large amount of land and led to potential environmental problems such as air, water, soil pollution. With the increasing awareness of environmental protection and the better vision to build a pattern of sustainable economy, the comprehensive utilization of ISW is becoming a challenging and promising research field. In this work, a waste incineration power plant in Guangdong Province, China was selected as the research object. Its novel incineration scheme by mix ISW and MSW was evaluated, which aims to improve power generation efficiency. The comprehensive environmental impact assessment of this refuse incineration-power generation technology was also carried out by life cycle assessment. Results show that for waste incineration power generation system, the numerical order of all normalization indicators is Waste Solids>EP>NOx>ADP>AP>CADP>RI>CADP (fossil fuel) >CO2> SO2>GWP>PED>COD>IWU> Water Use > NH3-N. It shows that the ash reduction and denigration system are the most worthy of optimization. And the contribution of flue gas purification to ECER index reaches 38.98%, which is the most influential link and significantly ahead of other links, as well as the most needed optimization link.

Causation mechanism analysis of excess emission of flue gas pollutants from municipal solid waste incineration power plants by employing the Fault Tree combined with Bayesian Network: A case study in Dongguan

As municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) gradually became the mainstream treatment for MSW in China, some backward MSWI power plants caused severe environmental problems of excess emission of flue gas (FG) pollutants and aroused wide concern. For analyzing the causation mechanism about excess emission of FG pollutants from MSWI power plants (top event/leaf node) in China, an efficient risk evaluation framework is established in this work. Correspondingly, an exploratory classical Fault Tree and Bayesian Network model is developed for the first time for the excess emission of FG pollutants of MSWI power plants. To figure out the key risk factors associated with the occurrence of top event/leaf node, several real MSWI power plants in Dongguan, representing advanced (Plant B), general (Plant A2), and outdated (Plant A1), are taken as case studies. After the analysis, compared with Plant B, the occurrence probability of the top event/leaf node in Plant A1 and A2 is 0.81724 and 0.44720. The key risk factors are determined as: “Outdated FG treatment process (X4)”, “Complex composition of MSW (X1)”, “Incineration technology defect (X6)”, “Aging of FG treatment equipment (X8)”, “Insufficient maintenance of FG treatment equipment (X9)” and “Aging of incineration equipment (X7)”. This work may provide a novel perspective to the environmental risk evaluation for the excess emission of FG pollutants from MSWI power plants in China, which also can offer cleaner production decision support for FG pollutants reduction in the MSWI industry.

Evaluation of applying membrane distillation for landfill leachate treatment

Landfill leachate contains high concentrations of toxic and harmful substances. A combination of membrane separation and biological treatment process is commonly used for landfill leachate treatment, but the capital and operation costs are very high. To simplify the treatment process, membrane distillation was directly investigated in landfill leachate treatment to eliminate the adverse effects. The rejection performance was systematically studied, and both membrane fouling and membrane wetting were investigated. Besides, the feasibility of MD treatment driven with the on-site waste heat was evaluated. The results show that the landfill leachate could be efficiently purified by MD with excellent rejections of TOC (>98.93%), phosphate (>99.19%), and metal irons (>99.95%) in all tested conditions, and the membrane was not wetted during the whole experimental duration (8 h). Ammonia nitrogen could not be fully rejected at the neutral pH condition (46.4%), but feed acidification (pH 5.0) could increase the rejection rate to 94.24%. Feed acidification also enhanced membrane fouling resistance with a final specific flux of 0.74 after concentrating the landfill leachate by 5 times. Energy consumption analysis showed that the waste heat in an incineration power plant was sufficient to drive the on-site treatment by MD in the form of AGMD. This work may provide a green option for landfill leachate treatment.

Technical, economic, and environmental analyses of CCHP systems with waste incineration power plant as prime mover

ABSTRACT In recent years, population growth and community development have increased the volume of waste in many parts of the world, including in Iran. If management measures are not taken to reduce the volume of waste at the surface, the problem of increasing waste will become a major and serious threat to human life. Therefore, incineration plants will be built to reduce the volume of waste, which have potential to generate power. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study is potential analysis of exhaust gases from the incineration plant for use in the combined cooling, heating, and power system, as well as the environmental analysis of the power plant. Using Aspen software, an initial model of the trigeneration cycle power plant is designed and the layout and arrangement of the cycle are accomplished. The mass flow of waste consumed at the power plant is 8333 kg/h and power generation is 3 MW. Heat losses from boiler exhaust gases are inserted into a heat exchanger modeled by EES software to meet the heat requirement. The heat exchanger efficiency is 70%, and the outlet water temperature is calculated as 70°C. The exhaust gases from the heat exchanger have been fed into the water-ammonia absorption chiller to meet the cooling requirement. The cooling capacity of the first evaporator is 1111 kW and for the second evaporator, it is calculated to be 529 kW. The power plant energy efficiency is 35%, and when it is converted into a combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system the total efficiency of the system increases by 70%. The economic feasibility of the project has been checked, and the payback period has been estimated to be about 2.5 years. This study shows that CCHP systems using incineration plants as prime movers can play an important role in providing energy requirements and sustainable development.

Comparison of corrosion behavior of 2205 and 2507 duplex stainless steel in simulated flue gas condensate of a waste incineration power plant

Abstract The corrosion behavior of duplex stainless steel 2205 DSS and 2507 DSS in simulated flue gas condensate of a waste incineration power plant at 180 °C was compared by micro-area electrochemical testing, surface and weight loss analysis. The results showed that the corrosion resistance of the two stainless steels decreased with the increase of Cl− concentration. After 48 h of corrosion, when the Cl− concentration was not less than 6 g·L−1, active sites where current density increased suddenly appeared on the surface of 2205 DSS, accompanied by the obvious increase of surface roughness and the weight loss. The lowest Cl− concentration that caused the appearance of active sites on the surface of 2507 DSS was 20 g·L−1, with less surface corrosion products and lower degree of general corrosion.

Life cycle assessment of environmental impact on municipal solid waste incineration power generation.

Municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration power generation is an important treatment technology, which has been widely concerned in recent years. It is of great significance to evaluate the environmental impact. This study conducted the environmental life cycle assessment of MSW incineration power plant in Yongcheng city, Henan province, China. After that, the comprehensive environmental impacts of MSW incineration power plant, landfill, and coal-fired power plant are compared. Furthermore, the energy conservation and emission reduction benefits brought by MSW incineration power plant in Yongcheng city are quantitatively analyzed. The results show that (1) the main environmental impact categories of MSW incineration power plant are human toxicity potential and acidification potential, which together account for 72.8% of the total comprehensive environmental impact. In addition, incineration is the main process of pollutant generation, which contributes 94.1% to the comprehensive environmental impact. (2) As an effective supplement to landfill and coal-fired power generation, MSW incineration power generation produces lower environmental impact. (3) Significant energy-saving and emission reduction benefits can be brought by MSW incineration power plant. Particularly, it could save energy 2.75×104 tce, reduce greenhouse gas emissions 3.43×105 t CO2-eq, and effectively reduce the emissions of various air pollutants for the local area annually.

Study on the architectural design of a new type of waste incineration power plant based on NIMBY effect

With the development of economy and urbanization, facing the dilemma of “garbage besieged city”, China’s “fourteenth five year plan” continues to focus on development and ecological protection. Waste incineration power generation is the most environmentally-friendly and efficient means of waste treatment. However, facilities such as waste incineration power plant are often faced with the problem of “NIMBY effect”. Through the analysis of typical cases at home and abroad, combined with the project practice of Foshan Gaoming District waste incineration power plant, this paper explores how to alleviate the NIMBY effect through architectural design from three aspects of appearance design, ancillary functions and external environment.

Spraying polyacrylamide solution to improve the removal of particle-phase dioxins by bag filter in a full-scale municipal solid waste incineration system

A field experiment was conducted in a modern municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration power plant to explore the feasibility of using chemical agglomeration agent anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) to reduce the atmospheric emission of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). Spraying PAM solution into the cooling tower caused an obvious decrease in the volume fraction of ultrafine and fine particles with diameter of 0.3–30 μm in BF fly ash, and a significant reduction in dust content in stack gas. The increased agglomeration of particles promoted the removal of particle-phase PCDD/Fs by BF, and thus resulted in a lower atmospheric emission of PCDD/Fs. The calculated removal efficiency of PCDD/Fs by BF was almost positively proportional to the concentration of PAM solution, while inversely proportional to the average content of dusk in stack gas. Compared with the control treatment, the spraying of 0.1 g/L PAM solution enhanced the removal efficiency of total tetra-to octa-CDD/Fs (∑PCDD/Fs) from 93.8% to 97.8% by BF, and resulted in a decrease of 47.0% in the concentration of international toxicity equivalent (I-TEQ) in stack gas. During the experiment of 2 d, the spraying of PAM solution did not induce a significant change in the differential pressure of BF, and did not essentially affect the partitioning behaviors of PCDD/F homologues between flue gas and BF fly ash. In view of technical safety and low cost, PAM application is recommended for reducing the atmospheric emission of PCDD/Fs from MSW incineration system.

Evaluating the impact of Khanh Son power plant on Danang Distribution Network

AbstractToday, the expansion of power sources is the main task to meet the development of demand. Therefore, Da Nang City has been approved to build the Khanh Son waste incineration power plant in the near future. The Khanh Son power plant project not only helps to reduce a large amount of waste in the area but also provides electricity supply directly to the city, increasing the budget for that locality. However, the connection of this power plant to the system will modify the operating parameters of the grid which may cause some negative impact on the regional power system. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to simulate various operation modes of the system such as steady-state mode, short circuits, and transient to evaluate the impact of the connection of the new power plant on the national power. The result shows that the Khanh Son power plant helps to reduce the overload of the main cable during the high load scenario, the stability of the system is enhanced significantly. Based on the simulation results, some recommendations to ensure the stabilizing of the grid have been proposed as well.

Study on influence factors of treating landfill leachate by ultraviolet-activated persulfate system.

In recent years, there have been many studies on treating pollutants with ultraviolet-activated persulfate (UV/PDS) system. In this paper, the biochemical treatment effluent of landfill leachate from garbage incineration power plant was treated. The effect of treating landfill leachate with UV/PDS system in the low-pressure external device and medium-pressure built-in device was compared; it was concluded that in the latter device, the photon quantity increased, the energy loss decreased, and the probability of generating free radicals in the reaction between photons and S2O82- increased, which result the treatment efficiency of this system was higher. In addition, the leachate was treated by combining the activation method of spinel composite (CuO-MgAl2O4) with UV activation method, called CuO-MgAl2O4/UV/PDS. The experimental data showed that the processing effect of segmented dosing PDS process was higher than that of one-time addition process. Under the same conditions, the removal rates of CODcr were 83.10% and 19.76%, respectively. One of the reasons for this result may be that excessive PDS in CuO-MgAl2O4/PDS system of the latter process inhibited the treatment effect. This paper analyzes the efficiency of UV/PDS system, as well as CuO-MgAl2O4/UV/PDS combination process which were used to treat landfill leachate under different conditions; the results showed that the medium-pressure built-in device and segmented-dosing process could get better treatment effect.

Emission Characteristics and Toxicity Effects of Halogenated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Coal-Fired and Waste Incineration Power Plants

Coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) and waste incineration power plants (WIPPs) represent a large portion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) sources in the environment, among which halogenated PAHs (HPAHs) are more toxic to the human body compared with their corresponding parent PAHs. In the current work, we investigated the occurrence, formation mechanism, and toxicity effects of HPAHs in the coal and waste combustion products from three CFPPs and one WIPP. The results indicate that the contents of chlorinated PAHs (Cl-PAHs) in the fly ash from the CFPPs and WIPP were 1.06-1.67 ng·g-1 and 2.76 ng·g-1, respectively, and the contents of brominated PAHs (Br-PAHs) in the fly ash from the CFPPs and WIPP were 26.4-44.2 ng·g-1 and 6.31 ng·g-1, respectively. The HPAH contents in the fly ash from the WIPP were significantly higher than those from the CFPPs primarily due to the abundant plastics in the domestic waste, represented by polyvinyl chloride, resulting in the formation of Cl-PAHs during combustion. The HPAH contents in the fly ash from the pulverized coal-fired (PC) boiler were significantly higher than those from the circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler mostly due to the higher combustion temperature operated in the PC boiler. The HPAHs in the fly ash from coal combustion were predominantly 7-BrBaA and 9-ClPhe, and those from domestic combustion were predominantly 9-BrPhe and 2-ClAnt. In addition, the contents of 7-BrBaA and 9,10-Br2 Ant in the coal combustion fly ash were significantly higher than those in domestic waste combustion fly ash, whereas 2-BrFle exhibited a contrasting profile. The content of Br-PAHs in the fly ash treated by semi-dry deacidification was twice that in dust removal fly ash but significantly increased in the chelating agent stabilization fly ash. The Pearson correlation analysis indicated the the formation mechanism of Cl-PAHs and Br-PAHs were the same but a secondary formation of HPAHs during the chelating agent stabilization of the fly ash was deduced. The TEQ values of the HPAHs in the fly ash (8.87×10-3-15.0×10-3 ng·g-1) from the WIPP were similar to those in the fly ash from the CFPPs (10.0×10-3 ng·g-1), which were significantly reduced in the fly ash treated by semi-dry deacidification due to the removal of 7-BrBaA. Moreover, the TEQ values of the HPAHs in the fly ash increased 5.4 times after the chelating agent stabilization. The ecological risk should be considered for the CFPP fly ash due to their massive amount of discharge and high TEQ values.

Low Temperature SCR Cost Evaluation in Solid Waste Incineration Power Plant

To meet the increasingly strict emission control requirement, low temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system is adopted in some waste incineration power plant because of the limited denitrification capability of selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) system in boiler furnace. The article evaluated the increased cost per ton of waste when SCR system is equipped on a 2×400t/d waste incineration power plant in Henan province. The total cost of SCR system, including construction period and operation period, per ton of solid waste is about 37 yuan.

Potential environmental benefits of integrating flue gas quench in biomass/waste‐fueled CHP plants

AbstractDue to stricter regulations, large biomass/waste incineration power plants are expected to reduce (i) pollutant emissions through water (such as organic compounds dissolved in the discharge water), (ii) the withdrawal of external freshwater, and (iii) the disturbance to the natural water by increasing the water recycle and internal reuse. To address such challenges, flue gas quench (FGQ) is playing a vital role that links flue gas (FG) cleaning and wastewater treatment. In this study, a detailed analysis based on the material and energy balance is performed regarding the pollutant distribution in the flue gas and the wastewater within a combined heat and power (CHP) plant. The real data from the reference CHP plant were used; and results show that the utilization of FGQ can result in less wastewater discharge (about 73 tonnes/d) together with less pollutant concentration to the municipal wastewater treatment plant, as compared to the system with only flue gas condenser but without FGQ. The integration of FGQ also results in less burden on the external freshwater use by increasing the amount of clean water for internal use (about 57 tonnes per day). In addition, the integration of FGQ can offer a potential annual energy saving of about 13.1 MWh in the municipal wastewater treatment plant due to the less wastewater coming from the CHP plant.

Method to Recycle Paper Sludge Waste: Production of Panels for Sound Absorption Applications

Abstract Paper sludge is the water treatment waste, which produced during paper production. Paper sludge (PS) waste utilization is the common problem in the EU and internationally. According to the waste management directive No. 2008/98/EC, paper sludge waste should not be utilized in landfills. In the European Union, alone 93 million tons of PS generated yearly. Nowadays most of the paper sludge waste used as fuel for incineration power plants (up to 55 %). According to waste management legislation such waste management should be avoided as well. Very small portion (10 %) of PS is used in construction sector. In construction, paper sludge used as additive in concrete composite materials. Such legislation of waste management generates the motivation of this study. In this study authors propose to produce composite panels in which PS is the main material of composite. As the binding material, clay proposed due to its good binding properties and therefore its natural material. Such produced panels proposed to use it for sound absorption applications. To determine composites sound absorption coefficient standard ISO 10534-2 method was used. The sound absorption coefficient in different octave bands reached up to 0.59.

Optimal design of a large-span spatial structure based on dynamic elastic-plastic analysis

With the expansion of the urban areas and the rapid growth of the urban population, the disposal of large amounts of domestic waste has become a problem faced by large cities. To solve this problem, many MSW incineration power plants have been continuously built. As a typical large-span spatial structure of waste incineration power plant, how to achieve economic, beautiful, and environmentally friendly design goals under the premise of meeting the requirements of the production process is an important problem currently facing. In this paper, a structural design optimization method based on damage index is proposed. Taking a large-span mixed structure of a MSW incineration power plant as an example, the paper firstly uses the dynamic elastic-plastic time history analysis method to evaluate its seismic performance, and then optimizes the structure according to the damage degree of the structure under small and large earthquakes design. The results show that under the premise of meeting the requirements of the code, this method can ensure that the degree of structural damage under the earthquake remains almost unchanged, while significantly reducing the amount of building materials and reducing the cost. At the same time, this method is more direct, simple, and effective than optimization design methods based on experience and internal forces of structural members.

A comparison between a natural gas power plant and a municipal solid waste incineration power plant based on an emergy analysis

This paper performs an emergy analysis (EmA) to compare two real power plants include a conventional natural gas steam power plant (NGPP) with one that burns municipal solid waste (MSWPP). For this purpose, the EmA is used to investigate the sustainability, renewability, environmental impacts, and economic issues. The capacity of the NGPP and MSWPP are 247.5 and 3 MW, respectively. Results from this study show that the percent of renewability (PR) and emergy sustainability index (ESI) of the MSWPP are much more than those of the NGPP. The PR and ESI of the MSWPP are 46.81 and 1.65, while for the NGPP are 5.01 and 0.05, respectively. It is proved that the MSWPP is more efficient and has the better environmental impacts compared to the NGPP. Moreover, a hypothetical MSWPP with the same electricity output of the NGPP is studied using the EmA. A more efficient system with the higher PR and ESI is observed compared to the other case studies. Beside of these advantages, use of the MSW has other benefits such as reducing the greenhouse gases released in the atmosphere, saving fossil fuels, low land area required compared to the landfill, speed and ease of disposal, and production of clean and useful ash.

Planning and Optimal Scheduling Method of Regional Integrated Energy System Based on Gray Wolf Optimizer Algorithm

For the regional integrated energy system (RIES) with multi-energy complementary, it is key to plan and optimize scheduling, which can improve energy efficiency. This paper focuses on the planning and scheduling of the RIES with self-provided waste incineration power plant. A bi-level mathematical model of the RIES with electricity, heat, cooling and gas interconnection is built. The upper level takes the minimum annual comprehensive cost as the optimization objective to find the optimal configuration. Based on the configuration scheme provided by the upper level, the optimized scheduling scheme under the economic and environmental indicators is developed by using some constrains, such as the supply and demand balance and equipment output operation. At the same time, the policy subsidy of self-provided waste incineration power plant and the transaction cost of pollutant emission are considered in the optimal scheduling. Then the gray wolf optimizer algorithm is proposed to solve the bi-level optimization problem. The effectiveness and superiority of the planning and optimal sheduling model proposed are demonstrated by analyses in typical scene.

Leader-follower optimized approach for carbon-economy equilibrium in the municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration industry.

Municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration contributes significantly to carbon emissions, and has become a serious problem in China, which has seen an exponential rise in waste over the last twenty years due to rapid urbanization and the associated consumer economy growth. To tackle this issue, this paper develops a leader-follower optimized approach for economic and environmental equilibrium in incineration power plants that includes a carbon allowance allocation scheme (IPP-CAAS) under combustion and pollutant limitations. In the leader-follower (bi-level) game, the regional authority on the upper level determines the carbon allocations and environmental targets and the IPPs on the lower level develop schemes to maximize revenue under the upper-level restrictions. By employing uncertain parameters for the carbon and power conversion fluctuations, the approach is able to more accurately depict the industry characteristics of waste incineration process in this carbon-economy balance problem. The robustness and practicality of the proposed methodology was then validated through a case study. Scenario analysis under different political parameters indicates that the proposed methodology can assist the authorities to achieve carbon-economy trade-off and under serious carbon-control situations, encourage the IPPs to reduce their blended coal ratios, and invest in low-carbon incineration technology. Managerial insights on further industrial developments are also given for the authority and relevant practitioners.

Purification System of Domestic Waste Incineration Flue Gas

Flue gas will be emitted during the waste incineration power generation process. The flue gas contains toxic and harmful ingredients. If it is not treated, it will cause serious harm to human health and the environment. Therefore, the incineration flue gas needs to be purified. In this paper, combined with the monitoring of a large-scale waste incineration power plant incinerator flue gas purification treatment project, the combined process of “in-furnace denitrification (SNCR) + semi-dry deacidification + slaked lime and activated carbon (dry process) injection + bag filter”. The purification effect of flue gas shows that the process has a good purification effect on domestic waste incineration flue gas. This study can provide reference and basis for the treatment of incineration flue gas in the industry.

Heat transfer and ash deposition performance of heat exchange surface in waste incineration flue gas

The combination of municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration power generation and waste heat utilization is an effective way of resource utilization, but low temperature corrosion and ash deposition seriously restrict the waste heat utilization of waste incineration flue gas. In this study, an experimental platform was set up in a MSW incineration power plant. Through experiments, macroscopic morphology and microscopic characterization of solid particle deposition were explored, and the macroscopic effects of heat transfer deterioration and low temperature corrosion on the equipment were analyzed. It provides a basis for exploring the coupling mechanism between the complex acid gases condensation and the complex solid particles deposition. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis were carried out on the ash samples obtained from the experiment, and the results were analyzed with the experimental phenomena and data. Through analysis, two turning points of ash deposit performance were found. The ash deposit layer was divided into three categories, and the characteristics of different ash deposit layers were described. The object of this experiment is waste incineration flue gas, which is different from coal-fired flue gas and biomass-fired flue gas in previous studies. The conclusions obtained from the experiments provide a possibility to break through the low temperature corrosion caused by the condensation of complex acid gases and the deterioration of heat transfer caused by the deposition of complex solid particles, and provides a theoretical basis for waste heat utilization of waste incineration flue gas.