Incidence Of Discrimination Research Articles

Age Discrimination in the Hospitality Industry: How do Hospitality Students View Their Elderly Colleagues?

Elderly individuals are frequently perceived as being physically weak, reliant on others, and a source of societal stress. It is imperative for public health professionals and society at large to confront ageism, as they have the potential to mitigate and prevent discrimination, influence policy development, and impact the possibilities available for older individuals to achieve healthy ageing (WHO 2022). The focus of this study is the incidence of discrimination against older people (ageism) as a distinct form of prejudice in the tourism and hotel business. On the basis of an investigation of reciprocal interactions and the perception of working with older colleagues, the current situation of intergenerational relationships among the aging population is revealed. The aim of this study is to address the need for a better mutual understanding of the older and younger populations in the business environment and to foster more pleasant and productive collaboration between them. Using the proposed model, the study examines how prepared hospitality students in Serbia are to work with older colleagues and what their general opinion is about the older population. A survey was conducted among 198 students of hospitality management from Novi Sad (Serbia), incorporating several metrics indicated in the literature. The results imply that students' attitudes towards the social skills of older colleagues have the greatest positive influence on their willingness to work with older workers. In addition, the study revealed that a higher degree of anxiety about aging is associated with a decreased willingness to work with older colleagues. This emphasizes the need for hospitality and tourism faculties to incorporate pedagogical strategies, such as intergenerational service learning, to encourage and maintain intergenerational cooperation in the hospitality industry.

Psychological outcomes and culturally relevant moderators associated with events of discrimination among Asian American adults.

Incidents of discrimination against Asian Americans have increased in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aims of this study are to (a) examine the overall psychological impact of incidents of discrimination on Asian Americans adults, (b) identify whether East Asians experience worse psychological outcomes following experiences of discrimination compared to other Asian Americans, and (c) identify culturally relevant factors that moderate the relationship between incidents of discrimination and psychological outcomes. Two hundred eighty-nine participants who identified racially as Asian American (Mage = 33.1 years, ±10.5 SD, 57.1% male, and 54.3% East Asian) completed an online survey including measures of demographics, psychological outcomes, culturally relevant factors (e.g., acculturative stress, collective self-esteem), and racial discrimination. We found that, overall, experiencing increased frequency of discrimination related to more depressive symptoms and alcohol use (ps < .05). When comparing Asian subgroups (East Asian vs. other Asian), there were no significantly different relationships between discrimination frequency and attribution to race on psychological outcomes (ps > .098). Collective self-esteem (p = .041) weakened, while acculturative stress strengthened (p < .001) the relationship between discrimination frequency and alcohol use; collective self-esteem weakened the relationship between attribution to race and social anxiety (p = .021); and internalized racism weakened the relationship between discrimination frequency and depression (p = .038). We identified moderators of the relationship between experiences of discrimination and psychological outcomes in Asian Americans. Because the moderators held for all Asian groups under study, they are strong candidates for points of intervention to mitigate the harmful effects of discrimination for Asian Americans. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Dynamics of intercultural communication: Papuan in Gorontalo

&lt;p&gt;This research discusses the dynamics of communication between two different cultural groups applied by ten Papuan student informants in Gorontalo and at the same time identifies that Gorontalo, which according to the researcher's observations has no cases, information, incidents of discrimination against Papuans, has the possibility of discrimination. This research uses Mark Orbe's Co-cultural theory with an interpretive phenomenological analysis study. The results of the research show that the minority group of Papuan students in Gorontalo uses communication dynamics using accommodation, which is a form of establishing good ties with the majority group without losing the original identity of Papuans. Assimilation is also the second dominant dynamics used by Papuan students in Gorontalo, namely adopting the culture of the dominant group. And there is discrimination in the Gorontalo area even though there are no records, cases or even official information.&lt;/p&gt;

Reimagining Inclusion in Early Childhood Care and Education: A Posthuman Perspective

Despite global and national imperatives to build an inclusive society, incidences of discrimination on the basis of numerous marginalised identity markers are widely reported. The early years are an ideal moment for children to form initial attitudes towards different groups of people. In fact, the early years are regarded as a means for social and economic transformation, according to the South African National Development Plan. This article is a segment of a study on a group of early childhood care and education teachers and teacher trainers who explored inclusion using a participatory action learning and action research design. Eight members formed an action learning set and engaged in mutual and collaborative learning to transform their learning environments to become more inclusive. Data were generated in two iterative cycles using a baseline questionnaire, reflective journals, and purposeful conversations. Underpinned by the posthumanist perspective, the findings highlight that diversity needs to be regarded as a strength to be valued, rather than as an impediment. The findings also suggest the need for collectivism in opposition to individualism, and a reconfiguration of the child's identity as posthuman. The study thus contributes to positive outcomes by identifying ways to transform early learning environments to become more inclusive. This not only leads to a more democratic and socially just learning environment but also contributes to wider positive societal change.

515 Pharmacy Students’ Experiences of Discrimination during Experiential Learning Placement - a quantitative survey

Abstract Introduction Discrimination in the workplace is defined by the Irish Human Rights and Equality Commission as ‘less favourable treatment’ than another employee in a comparable setting (1). When pharmacy students undertake experiential learning placements (ELP), they become part of the workplace and therefore potential candidates for exposure to discrimination. This study aimed to assess the student learning experience on ELP in line with the values of Equality, Diversity and Inclusion (EDI) of University College Cork. Aim This study investigated if pharmacy students experienced discrimination during ELP with a focus on EDI. The prevalence and types of discrimination encountered were also examined. Methods A 20-item quantitative survey was created on MS forms relating to differing areas of discrimination including age, gender, appearance, sexual identity, race/ethnic origin, or English language proficiency. Of the 20 items, 14 were binary with yes/no responses, 6 were demographics. A free text box for additional comments was included. This survey was emailed to 3rd, 4th, and 5th year pharmacy students. All data obtained from the survey was entered into Microsoft Excel (IBM Corporation) for descriptive statistics which included percentages and frequencies. Further statistical analysis was undertaken using SPSS version 28 (2). Chi-squared test were undertaken as appropriate and a p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Of 201 students, 84 completed the survey (response rate=41.8%), 72.6% (n=61) were female, 27.4% (n=23) male, 83.3% (n=70) identified as heterosexual. 52.4% (n=44) of respondents were aged 21-22 years. 53.6% (n=45) were in 3rd year. Almost two in five (39.3%, n=33) reported experiencing at least one incident of discrimination while on ELP. A total of 7.1% (n=6) reported gender discrimination and discrimination based on appearance, of which 2 in 3 were female (66%, n=4). No student reported racial discrimination. Age discrimination had the highest incidence, with 19% (n=16) of students reporting experiences of discrimination based on age. A Chi-squared test of independence was performed to investigate the association between age and discrimination based on age. The results showed that there was no statistically significant association between these two variables, X2 (4, N=84) = 2.5, p= 0.664. Conclusion Pharmacy students report experiencing discrimination on their ELP. Discrimination can have a negative impact on mental health; therefore, efforts are needed to reduce its prevalence. Students should receive awareness training and encouragement to report episodes of discrimination. Preceptors may also benefit from training in how to support students experiencing discrimination. Limitations of the study are the small sample size and single study site.

MEMBONGKAR EKSTRIMISME; KEBEBASAN LIYAN DI RUANG PENDIDIKAN, SOSIAL

The focus of this paper is on the forms of extremism in the social and educational spheres. The problems that often occur to color the Indonesian nation so far have always been related to the majority and minorities regarding their existence. Incidents of discrimination, isolating truths in certain groups also play a role and become a threat to the pluralistic existence of the Indonesian nation. This study uses a descriptive analytical method with a critical paradigm and literature study as a comparative reference. It aims to find and unravel the causes of forms of discrimination. Incidents of discrimination are strongly opposed because they are not in accordance with human nature as being related, also requires others. In the context of the life of the Indonesian people, the process of becoming a real human being is the main thing to know oneself, and to know others in the educational and social sphere. Generations of nations need to be breathed with teachings that will lead them to find true wisdom as humans who are capable of humanizing others. Educational and social space becomes very important for the growth of every human being who is able to see, understand lyan in a transcendent face

Linking minority stress to substance abuse in LGB adults: the mediating effect of sexual harassment.

Objective: Employing a psychological mediation framework, the study investigated the interaction between minority stress and psychoactive substance abuse mediated by sexual harassment among LGB individuals. Method: One hundred and forty-seven LGB individuals answered a questionnaire measuring internalized homophobia, concealment, discrimination, sexual harassment, and psychoactive substance abuse. Logistic hierarchical regression models were conducted to test the proposed relations and mediating hypotheses. Findings: Incidents of discrimination and internalized homophobia correlated with cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking. Sexual harassment was related to the use of cannabis and hard drugs. Sexual harassment mediated the relationships between the dimensions of minority stress and the use of cannabis and hard drugs. Conclusion: Minority stress appears to be linked directly and indirectly, via sexual harassment, to the use of psychoactive substances by LGB individuals. Interventions addressing the prevention or mitigation of sexual harassment experienced by LGB individuals are likely to attenuate the negative effects of minority stress on their levels of substance use.

Negotiating sexual and gender diversity in rural and peri-urban KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

A noticeable tendency in the first generation of scholarship on sexual orientation and gender identity/expression (SOGIE) in Africa has been the focus on urban or modern institutional settings. A dominant theme is to document people’s struggles against stigma, fear and violence to better inform interventions to strengthen human rights and sexual health for all. In some cases, unintentionally, the impression conveyed of Africa is of a continent with cultures that are uniformly, hostile to SOGIE rights. The present study arises from a large survey among boys and men in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa that problematises that impression. The study revealed unexpectedly high levels of same-sex sexual experience among boys and men in a mostly rural, culturally conservative setting. Following from that revelation, we conducted in-depth interviews to gain insight into their lives. Informants did indeed recount many incidents of discrimination and violence and admitted to sometimes severe emotional health problems. Yet they also spoke of finding love, acceptance, allies, resources, humour and hope for the future. In this paper, we tease out key themes from the interviews in relation to trends in the scholarship.

An Examination of Risk and Protective Factors on the Mental Health of First- and Second-generation Immigrant Adults during an Exclusionary Policy Context in the United States

ABSTRACT Purpose This cross-sectional study was designed to examine the impacts of three risk factors (i.e., Trump-era policy stress, incidents of discrimination, and COVID-19 exposure) and two protective factors (i.e., resilience and social support) on mental health status. Methods Data were collected via an online survey with first- and second-generation immigrant adults (n = 447). Hierarchical linear regression was employed to assess the risk and protective factors, in addition to demographic characteristics, on anxiety and depression scores. Results Trump-era policy stress and discrimination predicted higher symptoms of both anxiety and depression. In terms of protective factors, resilience and social support each had a significant inverse relationship with anxiety and depression scores. Conclusion Findings contribute to the knowledge base of risk and protective factors during a stringent immigration policy context and pandemic in the United States. Discussion Implications for practice, research, and policymaking are presented.

Gendered microaggressions towards the “only” women coaches in high-performance sport

ABSTRACT For women, being underrepresented in high-performance sport coaching is endemic. They also often report a sense of minoritisation, and incidents of discrimination. The purpose of the present study was to understand, using a gender-microaggressions perspective, how sexism manifests for women in elite coaching who report to be the “only” woman in their context, how they respond to such experiences, and how such discrimination is enabled. Through interviews with nine high-performance female head coaches globally, the prevalent type of microaggressions experienced were gendered microinvalidations. But findings also demonstrate that these women attempted to resist sexism. Nevertheless, being the “only” women restricted their resistance because they could not form collective power that led to transformations in the coaching culture. More action is required to build critical, evenly distributed masses of women across the coaching pathway. Future research must also address the features of organisational contexts that provide fertile grounds for exclusionary cultures.

Practicing alliance: an experiential model of teaching diversity and inclusion for social work practice and education

ABSTRACT Social work students are expected to engage diversity and difference in practice, yet few approaches in social work education explicitly focus on strengthening skills required for such allyship engagement. Constructs such as cultural competence, cultural humility, and intersectionality are often difficult for students to learn and for educators to teach effectively. This article describes Practicing Alliance, a curriculum that extends the Ally Model for Social Justice through a systematic integration of experiential learning theory, designed to increase the allyship skills of social work students across social locations. Participants (N = 85) in the pilot evaluation were students in the Foundation-year (n = 21) and second-year (n = 47) of a two-year MSW program, and 17 Advanced Standing MSW students. Practice experience ranged from 1–2 years (17.76%) to over 5 years (37.65%). Following completion of Practicing Alliance, 100% of participants reported that they were better able to practice allyship, 91% agreed that they were better equipped to intervene in incidents of discrimination, and 93% stated that Practicing Alliance contributed to their development as a social worker. Qualitatively, participants reported increased confidence in utilizing their allyship skills. The Practicing Alliance model is described with recommendations for implementation within social work education.

Discrimination Against Pregnant Women In the U.S. Workplace: An Overview &amp;amp; Solutions

This paper explores several incidences of discrimination against pregnant women in the U.S. workplace, the financial impact on this population, and possible solutions. Throughout the last decade, over 50,000 pregnancy discrimination claims were filed with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and Fair Employment Practices Agencies in the U.S. (Robinson). In light of this statistic and other reports described throughout this paper, it is highly recommended that laws are passed immediately to address this issue.

A critical analysis of individual patient factors in gaining access to healthcare

Background: Pakistan is one of the largest host of refugees. People in Pakistan have bad access to healthcare not only due to bad facilities but also due to discrimination based on their personal characteristics and possessions. The behavior not only damages the dignity of the people being targeted but also creates hindrances in further seeking professional medical help and follow-ups thus deteriorating the health status of the community as a whole. Health providers possess a moral commitment to encourage dignity and treat their patients without any kind of discrimination in their behavior. Patient experiences of discrimination result in delay in seeking healthcare, they do not stick to advice of professionals and ultimately poor health. The objective of this study is to identify sources of discrimination and its effects on patients' health status and their level of satisfaction. Methods: This descriptive study took place in Outdoor Patient Department, Mayo Hospital, Lahore. 170 patients were selected from all the patients coming to OPD with equal male to female ratio. Each patient was given a questionnaire containing relevant questions to know whether they faced any sort of discriminatory behavior or not. Results: 66% females and 49% males of the study sample experienced discrimination at some stage of their hospital visit. Conclusion: Our study concluded that females experienced more discrimination than males. Therefore, gender is the most important factor when it comes to discriminatory experiences. Moreover, people with the higher income had fewer incidents of discrimination than their counterparts.

(When) Does Appearance Matter? Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial

While there is evidence about labor market discrimination based on race, religion, and gender, we know little about whether physical appearance leads to discrimination in labor market outcomes. We deploy a randomized experiment on 1,000 respondents in India between April and May 2020 to investigate how ``looks'' affect labor market outcomes. Using machine learning and computer face rendering techniques, we simulate North, South, and North-eastern Indian faces and randomize two waves of treatments where we attach faces with otherwise identical CVs. However, the second wave also contains a vignette where we provide respondents with information about the incidence of discrimination. We focus on North-eastern Indian faces that resemble those in China to focus on the potential for discrimination that has historically been present in anecdotal accounts. While we do not find evidence of discrimination against North-eastern faces in the first wave, we do so in the second among those who do not see the vignette. We provide suggestive evidence that these results are consistent with the presence of homophily under limited attention.

A Classroom Survey of Language Teachers’ Discriminatory Practices against Students: Causes, Consequences and Keys

Previous research confirms that individuals frequently become subject to various forms of discrimination for a variety of reasons. This study aimed at revealing the incidence of discrimination toward English as a Foreign Language students, the grounds on which it happens, its adverse effects on students as well as potential solutions to it. The data were collected through questionnaires and were further supported by interviews and classroom observations. The participants consisted of sixty-five Iranian students from a variety of ethnic, linguistic, and socioeconomic backgrounds. The findings indicated that nearly one-third of the students had experienced discrimination of one form or another. Students’ perceptions of discrimination were that it is based on skin colour, age, sex, social class, as well as political and religious beliefs. Furthermore, the findings showed that discrimination was perceived to have a negative bearing on students’ motivation and their overall ability by adversely affecting their class attendance, sense of responsibility, class performance, and assignment completion. It was found that teachers overtly discriminated against students by openly mocking them, neglecting to call on them for class participation, and unfairly assessing the students and their achievements. Some suggestions to raise awareness of implicit attitudes and biases, identify and end the practice of discrimination among English as a Foreign Language teachers included setting up teacher education programmes, raising learners’ awareness, raising teachers’ awareness of their responsibilities and students’ rights, institutional warning, punishing ‘discriminating’ teachers, and suspending teachers from work.

Omofobia. Origine, conseguenze e prevenzione. Una rassegna della letteratura

Today particular focus is given to discrimination against sexual minorities both within the specific field of psychological health as well as within a broader social context. In addition to scientific and ethical considerations regarding the characteristics of sexual diversity, incidents of discrimination and homophobia are on the rise, highlighting their causes and consequences. This article aims to carry out an analysis on homophobia through a review on current liter-ature concerning the circumstances and personality traits of homophobic people as well as their health conditions related to homophobic and heterosexism phenomena. From the review carried out it is possible to hypothize how homophobic behaviour can conceal a deeper suffering that the individual is unable to otherwise express and how, there-fore, a more detailed analysis on the matter is urgently needed and how it is essential to en-courage initiatives that may act on the establishment of intolerant and discriminatory behav-iour.

The Nigerian Second Generation at Work in Britain: Ethnoracial Exclusion and Adaptive Strategies

This article examines the workplace experiences of upwardly mobile second generation Nigerians in Britain. It uses data from semi-structured in-depth interviews with 73 second generation Nigerian adults. The analysis distinguishes between incidents of discrimination and stigmatization (assaults on worth) and finds that incidents of stigmatization were more common than incidents of racial discrimination among the Nigerian second generation. Contextual factors, specifically Britain’s colonial history, national identity, and the cultural repertoire of the British class system shaped how individuals perceived, recognized, and interpreted incidents of ethnoracial exclusion. Strategies of non-response, social adaptability, and conciliation were used both to respond to these incidents of ethnoracial exclusion and facilitate economic mobility. The findings present a more complex story than one of simple racial discrimination for second generation Africans in British workplaces.

Microaggressions and Social Class Identity in Higher Education and Student Affairs

AbstractIn this chapter, we discuss microaggressions, or the everyday (and often unintended) incidents of discrimination that individuals from marginalized or underserved groups experience on college campuses as they relate to students’ social class identities—or simply, class‐based prejudices.

HIV-Medicolegal issues update-HIV AIDS (Prevention and Control) Act-2017 &amp; related case laws in India &amp; Abroad

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (Prevention and Control) Act, 2017, often shortened to the HIV/AIDS Prevention Act, or simply the HIV/AIDS Act, is an Act of the Parliament, Government of India, that prohibits discrimination against individuals who are diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. The law prohibits conducting an HIV test, medical treatment or research on a person without their informed consent. It also prohibits a person from being forced to disclose his/her HIV/AIDS status, unless mandated by a court order. In this review article, we have analysed the HIV Related medicolegal Case Laws & ethical issues in India & Abroad, based on incidents of discrimination in hospitals, schools, and communities, and even though the rate of such incidents has gone down in recent years, due to provision of punishment & penalties for violating the HIV Act.

Gender Board Diversity as Reputation Insurance Against Discrimination Litigation

A discrimination lawsuit levied against a firm can cause irreparable damage to its reputation. Therefore, some firms try to find strategies that will help reduce the incidence of discrimination and...