Incidental Pathologies Research Articles

Histoplasmosis associated hemophagocytosis- a rare cause of pancytopenia in an immunocompetent patient

Pancytopenia as a result of hemophagocytosis in a middle-aged man presenting with high-grade fever of unknown etiology could be a rare consequence of Histoplasmosis infection. In the past, many cases of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection contracting histoplasmosis-induced hemophagocytosis have been well documented, however, little data has been entered in the setting of HIV non-reactive status. Interestingly, we report a case of histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent male with the presence of yeast forms of H. capsulatum in the bone marrow smears. The patient was subsequently placed on Amphotericin B and corticosteroids but lost to the infectious disease. Cases like this, highlight the importance of taking into account the early decision for bone marrow sampling with careful attention to microscopic details as incidental pathologies may be elicited which could have significant effects on patient’s prognosis.

Prevalence of Incidental Findings and Assessment of Maxillary Sinus Pathologies and Dental Diseases Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in the Tamil Nadu Population: A Retrospective Study.

Background Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), a cross-sectional imaging technique, is valuable for clinical diagnosis and creating effective treatment plans. CBCT can precisely examine the connection between the maxillary sinuses and the maxillary root apices. Oral radiologists must be aware of all potential incidental findings and should be diligent in thoroughly identifying and assessing possible underlying diseases. Aim To determine the prevalence of incidental maxillary sinus pathologies and their relationship to dental diseases. Materials and methods In the present retrospective study, CBCT scans from 300 subjects (encompassing 600 right and left maxillary sinuses), aged 18 to 70, were gathered from various CBCT centers to represent the Tamil Nadu population. The CBCT images were analyzed using proprietary software, which provided both a panoramic reconstruction view and multiplanar reformation modules, including axial, sagittal, and coronal slices. The entire sample size was classified as follows: Group 1, age groups of 18 to 25 years; Group 2, age groups of 26 to 35 years; Group 3, age groups of 36 to 45 years; Group 4, age groups of 46 to 55 years; Group 5, age groups of 56 to 65 years; Group 6, age groups of 66 to 70 years. The prevalence of incidental maxillary sinus findings was analyzed, and their relationship with periapical abscess, periapical granuloma, periapical cyst, and breach was assessed. Results There was a prevalence of 52.05% of cases that had incidental maxillary sinus findings. Among them, 53.43% were males and 50.65% were females. Maxillary sinus pathologies were more common in individuals between 46 and 55 years, i.e., Group 4. In 300 datasets, the frequency of incidental maxillary sinus findings on the right is 21.33%, on the left is 24%, in both is 6.67%, and absent in 48% of the cases. Mucosal thickening was observed in 30% of cases with a periapical abscess, 19.52% with a periapical granuloma, 25% with a periapical cyst, and 51.79% with a breach. Polypoidal mucosal thickening was present in 32.50% of cases with a periapical abscess, 13.79% with a periapical granuloma, 50% with a periapical cyst, and 23.21% with a breach. Opacification occurred in 37.50% of cases with a periapical abscess, 20.69% with a periapical granuloma, 25% with a periapical cyst, and 25% with a breach. Conclusion Dental professionals should have a bird's-eye view in treating chronic odontogenic infections close to the maxillary sinus. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of odontogenic infections help prevent maxillary sinus pathologies.

Incidental emergency vascular pathologies on [18F]FDG-PET/CT and their metabolic patterns: a case series

Purpose: We aim to review the image patterns of incidental vascular diseases on 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT). Material and methods: A retrospective review of [18F]FDG PET/CT examinations at the Nuclear Medicine Unit of Queen Elizabeth Hospital Hong Kong was performed, focusing on detections of emergency vascular pathologies, in correlation with the clinical history and other radiologic modalities and we analyzed the unique metabolic patterns observed in these cases. Results: Our analysis demonstrated that [18F]FDG PET/CT scans exhibited distinctive metabolic patterns associated with emergency vascular pathologies, including intracranial hemorrhage, portal venous thrombosis and deep venous thrombosis. These patterns provided valuable insights not evident in plain CT of PET/CT, enhancing the detection and characterization of the critical conditions. Conclusion: Our study highlights the significance of recognizing the metabolic patterns associated with unexpected vascular pathologies, thereby enhancing diagnostic capabilities and patient outcomes.

Which pathologies of the penis can be diagnosed with computed tomography? A comprehensive approach to imaging findings

Objectives: Since there are various benign and malignant diseases of the penis, different imaging methods can be used for diagnosis. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) is not a frequently used imaging method in diagnosing penile pathologies. In an abdominal CT scan performed with the standard technique, the slices are obtained by scanning from the diaphragm's dome to the symphysis pubis's lower edge. Although the whole penis is not always captured, almost all abdomen scans include a portion of the penis. Penile pathologies can be detected with careful evaluation by CT. Methods: In this study, we aim to investigate incidental penile pathologies detected in abdominal CT performed for other reasons and whether abdominal CT contributes to showing penile pathologies. Therefore, abdominal CTs of 3,698 male patients were re-evaluated for penile pathologies. Results: The mean age was 52.2 years. Of the CT scans, 38% were obtained due to trauma, 16% were taken for oncological causes, 16% for abdominal pain and acute abdominal pathologies, 10% for urological reasons, 20% for other causes. Penile pathology was detected in 33 (0.83%) of 3968 patients. The patients were divided into four groups according to the pathologies observed in the penis: Traumatic, inflammatory, tumoral, and other findings. Conclusion: Although CT is not routinely used to diagnose penile pathologies, it may be necessary if the whole penis is included in the examination.

Exploring Unexpected Maxillary Sinus Abnormalities in Dental CBCT Scans

Background: Incidental maxillary sinus pathologies refer to unexpected findings of abnormalities within the maxillary sinuses discovered during routine dental imaging examinations. Objective: To determine the frequency of incidental maxillary sinus pathologies in dental patients on cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT). Study Design: Cross sectional study. Settings: Department of Dentistry Multan Medical and Dental College, Multan Pakistan. Duration: From August 2022 to January 2023. Methods: This study included 132 adult patients presenting with cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images for dental assessment. Exclusion criteria comprised maxillofacial trauma, previous surgery, or congenital anomalies. Patient demographics and radiographic findings were recorded, with two radiologists independently assessing CBCT images for incidental maxillary sinus pathologies. Descriptive statistics and subgroup analyses were performed in SPSS. Results: The mean age was 46.3±10.2 years. In gender distribution, 60 patients (45.5%) were male, while 72 patients (54.5%) were females. The overall prevalence of incidental maxillary sinus pathologies was present in 75 cases, accounting for 56.81% of the total. Among the pathologic findings, mucous retention cysts were the most common, present in 35 patients (63.6%), followed by polyps in 15 patients (27.3%), sinusitis in 10 patients (18.2%), and anatomical variations in 20 patients (36.4%). Conclusion: The study identified an overall prevalence of incidental maxillary sinus pathologies in 56.81% of the dental patient population, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive evaluation during routine dental assessments.

Accidental findings of maxillary sinuses in dental patients on CBCT images. A retrospective study.

Background and objective: Maxillary sinus pathology is a common finding on routine CBCT scans of the maxilla. Hence the objective of this study is to define the frequency of accidental findings within maxillary sinuses on patients’ CBCT images that are referred for various dento-alveolar reasons in the maxilla and to evaluate the relation of the age and gender with the maxillary sinus condition. Methods: A total of 255 sequential CBCT scans from patients aged between 15-78 years, with a localized field of view (8.0cm x 5.0 cm) were retrospectively included in the analysis, resulting in an evaluation of 510 maxillary sinuses. The findings were categorized as healthy sinus, mucosal thickening, polypoid thickening and partial opacification. Result: Out of 255 patients, 148 (58%) were males and 107 (42%) were females with a mean age of 50.23 (SD=19.08). Implant assessment was the major request 206 (80.8%) followed by exploration of impacted teeth 35 (13.7%). 52.2% of included cases showed sinuses with no pathology (NP). 47.8% showed accidental findings of which mucosal thickening (MT) was the highest 104 (40.8%). The relationship between gender and maxillary sinus status was statistically non-significant (p=0.346). The relation of the age (≤50 and >50) and sinus status, however, was statistically significant (p=0.035). Conclusion: According to the present study results, the most common referral reasons for CBCT examination were for implant assessment. Mucosal thickening was the highest among the pathologic findings in the maxillary sinus. There was no significant relationship between gender and maxillary sinus status but there was a statistically significant relationship between age and findings. Keywords: CBCT, Maxillary sinus, incidental pathologies, Accidental findings, mucosal thickening.

Vascular Variations and Incidental Pathologies in Potential Living Renal Donors Using 160-Slice Multidetector Computed Tomography Angiography.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the vascular variations and incidental pathologies in potential living renal donors using 160-slice multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) angiography. This is an observational study conducted at the Department of Radiology from January 2017 to May 2022. In this study, we performed retrospective data analysis of 61 CT renal angiograms, totaling 122 kidneys of potential renal donors, using a Toshiba 160 slice MDCT scanner with a four-phase CT image acquisition protocol, performed for pre-transplant workup. All patients had normal renal functions. Of our 61 patients, 34 (55.7%) were male and 27 (44.3%) were female, and their mean age was 31.2 ± 9.4 years. We have found 31 (50.8%) variations in the right renal arteries and 21 (34.4%) in the left renal arteries. Of these patients, 13 had bilateral renal arterial variations. The late confluence of the renal vein was found in 3.3% of males, multiple right renal veins in 7 (11.5%), and left renal veins in 2 (3.3%). By distributing the data according to gender, we noticed more diversity in the renal vessels of male patients. Left renal artery variations were more frequent in males (16, 76.2%) than in females (5, 23.8%), and they were statistically significant (p=0.02). Likewise, variations in the right renal arteries were also more frequently found in males (19, 61.3%) as compared to females (12, 38.7%). Right renal vein variations were more common in males (9, 81.8%) as compared to females (2, 18.2%) (p=0.05). Frequent renal vascular variations and incidental pathologies in potential living donors were found by MDCT examination, and these vascular variations should be analyzed before renal transplant.

Incidental Paranasal Sinus Findings on Computed Tomography Images of Pediatric Patients: A Cross-sectional Prevalence Study.

The study was conducted to assess the prevalence of incidental paranasal sinus pathologies in children on computed tomography (CT) scans. A nonrandomized retrospective study was done on CT scans of 232 pediatric patients taken in the past 6 months duration. These scans were evaluated in different age groups from 0-13 years who had visited or were admitted to the hospital for various other head and neck-related problems. Each scan was examined for incidental pathologic findings in all the paranasal sinuses. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Fisher's exact test to determine non-random associations between variables. A total of 232 subjects were examined, amongst which 72 (31.03%) had incidental sinus pathologies. Multiple sinus pathologies were found in 36 subjects, 28 had single sinus involvement, and four showed no development of frontal sinus at the age of 11 years. Four subjects had pathology in multiple sinuses as well as no development of frontal sinus at the age of 6-7 years age range. Sinus pathologies are not unusual in the asymptomatic children population, and the incidence is almost equivalent to that of the adult population. Early identification can aid in diagnosing orofacial pain of unknown origin and also if children are susceptible to upper respiratory tract infections and their secondary effects like sleep apnea, mouth breathers, etc. Talwade P, Deshpande PS, Pene S, et al. Incidental Paranasal Sinus Findings on Computed Tomography Images of Pediatric Patients: A Cross-sectional Prevalence Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(2):292-294.

Neurological pathologies in subjects with acute headache: MRI incidental findings

Background: Acute headache is one of the most frequent health problems. This study analyzed incidental brain-associated pathologies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in subjects suffering from acute headaches. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted between January 2018 and December 2021 to assess brain MRI in adult patients suffering from acute headaches. One hundred patients (61 females and 39 males) aged 12-80 years were recruited. MRI scanning was performed, and incidental brain pathologies were analyzed. Results: MRI findings incidentally showed brain-related abnormalities in 71% of acute headache subjects. Out of them, 59.1% were females. The most frequent abnormality was white matter changes observed in 22% of subjects, followed by 20% with paranasal sinus pathologies, including acute/chronic sinusitis, retention cysts, and paranasal lymphoma. Optic abnormalities were observed in 9% of subjects, whereas cysts were observed in 9% of patients, including retention and arachnoid cysts. Other highly prevalent neurological abnormalities detected were intracranial hypertension, microvascular issues, lesions such as meningiomas, orbital lymphoma, low-grade tumor, ganglioglioma, and anaplastic oligodendrogliomas. Conclusion: Incidental findings of brain MRI in subjects suffering from acute headaches showed various neurological abnormalities, such as intracranial hypertension, optic disease, and paranasal sinus pathologies. Importantly, metastasis and cerebral atrophy were also incidentally detected in studied subjects. The data also concluded that abnormalities were more frequent in females. These findings indicate that acute headache is a neurological condition that might be linked to other severe neurological disorders.

Gross and Histopathological Study of Adrenal Glands from Routine Medico legal Autopsies

Background: Autopsies are important in clinical medicine as they can identify medical errors and assist incontinuous improvement. The role of a forensic pathologist is highly significant in determining the cause of deathas an undiagnosed case can contribute to the improvement of clinical or surgical management of such type ofpatients, and help prevent unexpected deaths in the future. In an era, where pathological autopsies are limited,the medico-legal autopsy will serve as supplement to document the incidental adrenal pathologies in the studypopulation.Material and Methods: The prospectivestudy was performed after getting proper approval from Institute ethicalcommittee. The adrenal glands were procured from medico-legal autopsies conducted from 2019 -2021, at themortuary of Govt. Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad. All the necessary details were noted from thepolice requisition, Inquest panchnama and clinical papers provided. All the important findings were noted downin the predesigned case record form.Result: A total of 128 adrenal glands were examined for gross and histopathological changes. The number of malesand females studied comprised of 38 males (59 %) and 26 females (41%). Majority of lesions were observed onhistopathology as compared to gross examination. Maximum number of the lesions were observed in the age groupbetween 21 to 30 years (29%). Gross adrenal lesions were noted in 62% males and 38% females. Histopathologylesions were noted in 63% males and 37% females. The study showed more of unnatural cases than natural cases.Majority of the lesions are seen in unnatural deaths than natural deaths except enlarged adrenals are found innatural deaths. Majority of the adrenal histopathology lesions were found in unnatural deaths except adrenalitis,hypertrophy and atrophy which is common in natural deaths. Majority of the lesions are found in unnaturaldeaths both on gross 73% as well as histopathological 67% examination.Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of Gross as well as Histopathological examination in medicolegalautopsies. In cases of negative autopsies, this necessitates to examine the adrenal glands, histopathologically whichmay give a clue about the cause of death.

Prevalence and pattern of proximity of maxillary posterior teeth to maxillary sinus with mucosal thickening: A cone beam computed tomography based retrospective study.

Odontogenic sinusitis is a prevalent but frequently unrecognized condition, and periapical pathologies of maxillary posterior teeth are accused as one of the main causative factors. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the periapical status of maxillary posterior teeth and its proximity to the maxillary sinus floor in the occurrence of incidental sinus pathologies using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). CBCT scans of 118 patients of age range 18-77 years were evaluated retrospectively to determine the relationship of maxillary posterior teeth to sinus floor in which vertical relationship was assessed using modified Kwak's classification and periapical status using CBCT periapical index. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS statistics software. Of all 227 sinuses examined, 56.8% showed pathological changes, with mucosal thickening being the most common. More than 50% (50.2%) of sinuses were associated with periapical lesions of at least one maxillary posterior tooth based on evidence of pathological mucosal thickening. The presence of pathologic mucosal thickening was also significantly related (P < 0.05) to the presence of periapical pathologies. There was a significant association between tooth position and pathological sinus mucosal thickening, especially with second molars, first molars, and second premolars, respectively (P < 0.05). Second molar involvement was the most significant (P < 0.05). The present study established a positive association between periapical disease status of maxillary posteriors and maxillary sinus mucosal thickening. Maxillary second premolar and first and second molars pathologies can significantly affect the maxillary sinus compared to other maxillary posterior tooth. CBCT proved to be an efficient imaging modality in detecting these changes.

Review of incidental ocular pathologies detected during the screening of retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants.

The aim of the study was to report the spectrum of ocular pathologies other than retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) occurring in preterm babies, suggesting the need for universal screening in all babies. Babies born before 34 weeks of gestational age (GA) and/or weighing <2000 g were screened at around 4 weeks of postnatal age and those born before 28 weeks of GA and weighing <1200 g were examined at 2-3 weeks of postnatal age. Babies between 34 and 36 weeks of GA or birth weight of 1750-2000 g with additional risk factors were also screened. Pupils were dilated using a fixed dose combination of 0.4% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine. The babies underwent retinal imaging using the 3nethra neo camera, Forus, India, by a skilled ophthalmic photographer. A total of 1437 preterm babies were screened in an outreach project which spanned 18 hospitals equipped with neonatal intensive care centers (neonatal intensive care units) in an urban setting during the study period. A total of 4339 screening sessions were conducted. Of these infants, 754 (52.47%) were male and 683 (47.52%) were female babies. Among the enrolled infants, 165 (12.16%) had ocular findings other than ROP. Of the 165 cases, 70 (42.42%) were anterior segment and globe pathologies, whereas the remaining 95 (57.57%) were posterior segment pathologies. Timely screening helps in identifying and managing potentially vision-threatening pathologies including ROP. This will help reduce the burden of childhood blindness worldwide.

Brain aneurysm rupture during mechanical thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion: Technical case series and complication avoidance strategies.

Endovascular therapy became the mainstream treatment for patients with acute stroke due to emergent large vessel occlusion (LVO). With increasing number of interventions, it is not uncommon for incidental vascular pathologies to be found during mechanical thrombectomy. Overall, intracranial aneurysms can occur in up to 4% of the population, but previous studies suggest a slightly higher prevalence of intracranial aneurysms in stroke patients as they may share common risk factors. We report on three patients with acute stroke secondary to LVO undergoing mechanical thrombectomy with brain aneurysms incidentally discovered and discuss the potential implications and technical considerations of performing revascularization in these scenarios. In the first case, a patient treated with stent-retriever and aspiration developed a carotid-cavernous fistula without clinical repercussion. The second case illustrates an internal carotid artery posterior communicating segment aneurysm rupture with a massive subarachnoid hemorrhage. The third case exemplifies an unruptured middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysm related to an M2 occlusion managed with a different strategy, avoiding aneurysm rupture. Intraprocedural aneurysm rupture is a potential complication during mechanical thrombectomy, especially when anatomical challenges are present. Interventionalists should be aware of the potential risk and constraints in this setting in order to mitigate adverse events.

Effects of Myopia on Rates of Change in Optical Coherence Tomography Measured Retinal Layer Thicknesses in People with Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy Controls

PurposeTo quantify the associations of myopia with longitudinal changes in retinal layer thicknesses in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and healthy controls (HC).MethodsA cohort of PwMS and HC with recorded refractive error (RE) prospectively scanned on Cirrus HD-OCT at the Johns Hopkins MS Center was assessed for inclusion. Exclusion criteria included OCT follow-up < 6 months, ocular comorbidities, incidental OCT pathologies, and inadequate scan quality. Eyes were classified as having high myopia (HM) (RE≤ −6 diopters), low myopia (LM) (RE> −6 and ≤ −3 diopters), or no myopia (NM) (RE> −3 and ≤ +2.75). Linear mixed-effects regression models were used in analyses.ResultsA total of 213 PwMS (eyes: 67 HM, 98 LM, 207 NM) and 80 HC (eyes: 26 HM, 37 LM, 93 NM) were included. Baseline average ganglion cell/inner plexiform (GCIPL) and peri-papillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thicknesses were lower in MS HM compared with MS NM (diff: −3.2 µm, 95% CI: −5.5 to −0.8, p = 0.008 and −5.3 µm, 95% CI: −9.0 to −1.7, p = 0.004, respectively), and similarly in HC HM, as compared with HC NM. Baseline superior, inferior, and nasal pRNFL thicknesses were lower in HM compared with NM, while temporal pRNFL thickness was higher, both in MS and HC (MS: 7.1 µm, 95% CI: 2.7–11.6, p = 0.002; HC: 4.7 µm, 95% CI: −0.3 to 9.7, p = 0.07). No longitudinal differences in rates of GCIPL change were noted between HM and LM vs. NM, either in MS or HC.ConclusionCross-sectional differences in average GCIPL and pRNFL thicknesses are commonly seen in people with HM as compared to reference normative values from people with NM and can lead to false attribution of pathology if RE is not taken into account. However, our study suggests that longitudinal changes in average GCIPL thickness in PwMS with myopia are similar in magnitude to PwMS with NM, and therefore are appropriate for monitoring disease-related pathology.

Incidental cardiac pathologies on non-gated general computed tomography: A pictorial review

Incidental cardiac pathologies on non-gated general computed tomography: A pictorial review

Current Concepts of Mixed Pathologies in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Neurodegenerative diseases are a pathologically, clinically and genetically diverse group of disorders without effective disease-modifying therapies. Pathologically, these disorders are characterised by disease-specific protein aggregates in neurons and/or glia and referred to as proteinopathies. Many neurodegenerative diseases show pathological overlap with the same abnormally deposited protein occurring in anatomically distinct regions, which give rise to specific patterns of cognitive and motor clinical phenotypes. Sequential distribution patterns of protein inclusions throughout the brain have been described. Rather than occurring in isolation, it is increasingly recognised that combinations of one or more proteinopathies with or without cerebrovascular disease frequently occur in individuals with neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, complex constellations of ageing-related and incidental pathologies associated with tau, TDP-43, Aβ, α-synuclein deposition have been commonly reported in longitudinal ageing studies. This review provides an overview of current classification of neurodegenerative and age-related pathologies and presents the spectrum and complexity of mixed pathologies in community-based, longitudinal ageing studies, in major proteinopathies, and genetic conditions. Mixed pathologies are commonly reported in individuals >65 years with and without cognitive impairment; however, they are increasingly recognised in younger individuals (<65 years). Mixed pathologies are thought to lower the threshold for developing cognitive impairment and dementia. Hereditary neurodegenerative diseases also show a diverse range of mixed pathologies beyond the proteinopathy primarily linked to the genetic abnormality. Cases with mixed pathologies might show a different clinical course, which has prognostic relevance and obvious implications for biomarker and therapy development, and stratifying patients for clinical trials.

Prevalence of incidental maxillary sinus pathology in asymptomatic patient during routine dental examination by Cone beam computed tomography(A Retrospective Study).

Abstract: Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess and to record the prevalence of incidental maxillary sinus pathologies in asymptomatic patients presenting with dental problems using the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Method: This retrospective study included 53 patients (106 maxillary sinus) underwent cone beam CT for various dental procedure, which included dental implants, maxillofacial surgery, orthodontics, endodontics, oral pathology, etc. Both male and female included in this study with age range from (18-45). Individuals with known sinus pathology were excluded in this study. The CBCT scans were evaluated and the maxillary sinuses ware examined by an experienced maxillofacial radiologist for the presence or absence of the any pathology. The images were analyzed in three planes (axial, sagittal and coronal) with a slice of (0.15 mm) thickness. Result: Among total of fifty-three cases included in the current study 35 (66.1%) of them had lesion with 47.2% they get their lesion on both sides followed by (13.2%,5.7%) on the left and right side respectively. while 18 individuals were free from any documented lesion. Regarding gender distribution in our study the females were predominant 54.7%. Conclusion: Oral radiologist should be aware of these incidental findings and thoroughly evaluate the whole captured CBCT volume in all 3 views (axial, coronal, and sagittal) to exclude any pathologic changes in the maxillary sinus, which can help in early diagnosis and refer the patient to a specialist if necessary for treatment. Keywords: Cone beam computed tomography, asymptomatic sinuses, pathology.

Incidental dental anomalies and jawbone pathologies in Turkish pediatric patients of the Eastern Mediterranean region

Incidental dental anomalies and jawbone pathologies in Turkish pediatric patients of the Eastern Mediterranean region

Incidental Maxillary Sinus Pathologies in Asymptomatic Subjects—A CBCT Study

Incidental Maxillary Sinus Pathologies in Asymptomatic Subjects—A CBCT Study

Hidden Pathologies of Maxillary Sinus using CBCT Scans

Introduction: Diagnosis of orofacial pathologies is difficult with the 2 dimensional (2D) images taken from conventional radiography. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been developed with 3 dimensional (3D) modalities and has become a better alternative to conventional radiography. Highre solution axial, coronal, and sagittal sections are the most revealing, noninvasive techniques for assessing the maxillary sinus anatomical variations, pathology, and its adjacent structures and areas. Aim: This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of pathological changes in the maxillary sinus of asymptomatic cases using CBCT for diagnostic purposes. Materials and Methods: This study was evaluated among 200 patients for hidden pathologies in the maxillary sinus. Pathological findings were categorized as a mucosal thickening, polypoid mucosal thickening, radiopacification, and no pathological findings. Results: In the present study, the overall prevalence of the mucous retention cyst was found to be 30.25%, the polyp was 4.25%, the mucocele was 0.50%, and the overall mucosal thickenings was 35%. Conclusions: In our study, the mucosal thickening has a very high rate of incidental maxillary sinus pathologies in asymptomatic patients. Therefore, a detailed three-dimensional imaging using CBCT is stated in most patients for proper treatment planning. A careful review of the entire CBCT scans is essential to avoid under-or overestimation of potential complications in providing comprehensive health care.