Incidence Of Metabolic Syndrome Research Articles

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Metabolic Syndrome among Police Officers in Kozhikode Corporation.

Police personnel constitute a special occupational group with exposure to stressful work environment indirectly resulting in a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, including metabolic syndrome (MS), hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cigarette smoking, and a sedentary lifestyle is reported among policemen. Surveillance activities are limited in the present scenario. The present study was designed to measure the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and other cardiovascular risk factors among police officers in Kozhikode district and observe the trend over the last 10 years. The design was cross-sectional and spanned 630 policemen of Kozhikode Corporation in Kerala Methods and Material: Data collection was done using a pre-tested questionnaire. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were carried out using standard techniques. MS was diagnosed using the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 20.0 software. Prevalence of MS and cardiovascular risk factors were expressed as percentages (95% CI). Associated factors with MS were identified using Chi square test. MS was observed in 45.1% of the study population. Obesity and lack of physical activity were the commonest abnormalities. Cardiovascular risk factors identified were high body mass index (67.3%), lack of physical activity (47.1%), hypertension (16.7%), alcohol use (24.2%), smoking (17.3%) and diabetes (8.8%). There is a rising prevalence (16.8% in 2012 to 45.1% in 2021) of Metabolic Syndrome among policemen in Calicut Corporation. All the cardio vascular risk factors are also highly prevalent among the policemen. Policy makers might seriously take up the issue and introduce effective policies that might help reduce the incidence of MS and other cardio vascular risk factors in the newly recruited young policemen.

Современный взгляд на метаболические особенности детского ожирения и его осложнения

INTRODUCTION: Over the past several decades, the problem of pediatric exogenous constitutional obesity has acquired the status of a non-infectious pandemic of the 21st century. Statistics shows that both the prevalence of overweight and obese children and the incidence of morbid obesity, its complications and metabolic syndrome are increasing, which most is alarming for healthcare workers. This tendency requires specialists to understand the metabolic bases of formation of obesity, to search for new ways to treat and prevent the disease, as well as to prevent the development of complications. CONCLUSION: The given review considers the main features of metabolic alterations in the formation of childhood obesity, which can be an additional risk factor for both the development of the disease itself, and of its complications, the main ones being physiological insulin resistance of adolescents and a significant secretion of insulin-like growth factor-1 in children in the period of active growth. Understanding of metabolic features of the development of obesity at the pathophysiological and biochemical levels can become the basis for development of the ways to influence these processes. Of attention is the fact of a high prevalence of obesity complications and metabolic syndrome in childhood, with a continuing tendency to growth proportional to increase in the prevalence of obesity itself. A key point is the current absence of ways to predict obesity complications in children. Taking into account very limited possibilities of treatment of childhood obesity and its complications, the existence of prognostic markers may contribute to prevention or earlier, timely diagnosis of the main obesity complications, with a further decline of disability and mortality at a young age, as well as a considerable improvement of the quality of life of obese patients. The presented data require an in-depth analysis of mechanisms of development of childhood obesity — one of the most common problems in the world, and permit to reconceive the problems of treatment and prevention, to open up new prospects for creation of new approaches to diagnosis and control of this disease and its complications.

Longitudinal Relationships between Cigarette Smoking and Increases Risk for Incident Metabolic Syndrome: 16-year Follow-up of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KOGES)

Longitudinal Relationships between Cigarette Smoking and Increases Risk for Incident Metabolic Syndrome: 16-year Follow-up of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KOGES)

Uric acid to HDL ratio: A marker for predicting incidence of metabolic syndrome in patients with type II diabetes

Background and aimMetabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to existence of a set of risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Recently, uric acid to HDL ratio has attracted attention in predicting development of diabetes and incidence of metabolic syndrome in diabetic individuals. This study was performed to investigate UHR in patients with type II diabetes as a predicting factor for metabolic syndrome. Methods and resultsThis descriptive-analytical study examined 300 patients with type II diabetes referring to diabetes clinic of Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib hospital, Rafsanjan city in 2021, selected through convenient sampling. Data were collected by a research-made checklist (including demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters) and analyzed by SPSS 24 and chi-square, Fisher exact test, independent paired t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Mann-Whitney U, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC). The findings revealed that 74.33 % (95 % CI: 69 to 79.18 %) of the patients had metabolic syndrome. Further, patients with metabolic syndrome demonstrated a significantly higher mean UHR ratio and triglyceride levels compared to their counterparts without the syndrome (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively). The ROC analysis identified a UHR threshold of 8.118 % with a sensitivity of 70.32 % and specificity of 55.08 % for diagnosing metabolic syndrome development in type II diabetes (AUC: 0.621, P = 0.001, 95%CI: 0.549–0.694). ConclusionThe results of the present study revealed that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was high in diabetic patients. UHR showed good sensitivity in the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in type II diabetes. Thus, regular monitoring of laboratory tests is recommended in patients with diabetes.

Prevalence of, risk factors for, and target organ damage from metabolic syndrome among people living with HIV on ART: A cross-sectional analysis in Chongqing, China.

The incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in people living with HIV is significantly higher than in people without HIV. MetS is not only a major driver of cardiovascular disease (CVD) but is also closely related to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for MetS and to further understand the degree of damage to target organs. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, China. Information was collected via questionnaire survey, physical examination, and laboratory tests. We used the China Diabetes Society guidelines to define MetS. Pooled cohort equations were calculated to compare CVD risk in the next 10 years in people living with HIV aged ≥40 years with or without MetS. We used Student's t-test, the chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, binary logistic regression, and multiple linear regression in the statistical analysis. The study included 979 people living with HIV, including 13 who have experienced CVD, receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). The median age was 43.0 years, 20.9% were female, and the median ART time was 45.0 months. The prevalence of MetS was 33.9%. The components of MetS criteria were hyperglycaemia (50.4%), hypertriglyceridaemia (48.4%), hypertension (46.8%), low concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (28.2%), and abdominal obesity (25.0%). Higher body mass index (odds ratio [OR] 1.266; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.203-1.333), higher total cholesterol (OR 1.267; 95% CI 1.011-1.588), high alcohol consumption (OR 1.973; 95% CI 1.009-3.859), and family history of diabetes (OR 1.726; 95% CI 1.075-2.770) were independent risk factors for MetS. Compared with the non-MetS group, the MetS group had a higher rate of urine albumin (23.8% vs 14.8%, p = 0.001), and the estimated glomerular filtration rate <90 mL/min/1.73 m2 (18.37% vs. 12.8%, p = 0.020) and β2-microglobin (p = 0.004) increased more markedly in the MetS group. Regarding the risk of developing CVD events in the next 10 years, 38.5% of those in the MetS group were at high or very high risk, which was significantly higher than in the non-MetS group (p < 0.001). In addition, age (p < 0.001) and sex (p = 0.002) are independent risk factors for developing CVD events in the next 10 years. The prevalence of MetS in people living with HIV on ART is high in Chongqing, China. Risk factors for the development of MetS are high alcohol consumption, family history of diabetes, higher body mass index, and higher total cholesterol levels. In addition, MetS is associated with a risk of CKD and the incidence of 10-year CVD.

Association of food consumption and physical activity with metabolic syndrome according to central obesity status in Indonesian adults: A cross-sectional study

Background: Previous studies have reported that the risk of metabolic syndrome differs between obese and non-obese individuals based on food consumption and physical activity.Objective: This study aims to analyze differences in the association of food consumption and physical activity with the incidence of metabolic syndrome in individuals with and without central obesity.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study examined individuals aged 19 to 64 years using Riskesdas 2018 data. Sample characteristics, including smoking habits, alcohol consumption, food consumption, physical activity, anthropometric data, clinical data, and biochemical data were collected for univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. Logistic regression was used as a multivariate analysis to investigate the association of food consumption and physical activity with the risk of metabolic syndrome in individuals with and without central obesity. Results: In this study, individuals with and without central obesity significantly increased risk of metabolic syndrome (p&lt;0.05) due to consuming nearly all kinds of unhealthy foods (sweet foods, savory foods, fatty/cholesterol-rich/fried foods, grilled foods, processed meat/chicken/fish, soft drinks/carbonated drinks, energy drinks, and instant noodles/other instant foods). However, only individuals without central obesity who frequently consume seasonings (OR=1.519, 95% CI: 1.241-1.859) have a significant association with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome. Meanwhile, only individuals with central obesity who often consume sugary drinks (OR=1.315, 95% CI: 1.132-1.529) are significantly associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome. In addition, inadequate consumption of fruits and vegetables as well as lack of physical activity also significantly increase the risk of metabolic syndrome in individuals with and without central obesity (p&lt;0.05).Conclusion: Only the consumption of seasonings and sugary drinks shows a different relationship to the risk of metabolic syndrome in individuals with and without central obesity.

Emerging Perspectives on the Set of Conditions That Lead to the Emergence of Metabolic Syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome, as a medical condition, presents multifactorial complexity that is characterized by the resulting damage from genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors (presence or absence of physical activity, food choices). Thus, metabolic syndrome qualifies unequivocally as a medical condition in which there are, simultaneously, several independent metabolic risk factors, namely, abdominal obesity, high triglyceride level, low HDL cholesterol level, arterial hypertension, and high glycemic level. Although age, sex, socio-economic status, and the precise definition of metabolic syndrome all influence the prevalence and risk of developing the condition, clinical and epidemiological studies clearly show that central obesity, as measured by an increased abdominal circumference, is the main risk factor. Thus, due to the growing global incidence of obesity, there has been an increase in the incidence of metabolic syndrome. Starting with obesity, all other metabolic risk factors are influenced: for example, as a result of insulin resistance with hyperglycemia, diabetes is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to increased abdominal circumference. Through this review, we aimed to highlight the latest research studies and dietary nutritional interventions useful in the prevention of this disease but also implementation strategies for primary prevention among the healthy population.

Moderate or greater daily coffee consumption is associated with lower incidence of metabolic syndrome in Taiwanese militaries: results from the CHIEF cohort study.

Daily moderate coffee intake was found with a lower risk of specific metabolic abnormalities, e.g., hypertension and hyperglycemia, while the association of coffee intake and incident metabolic syndrome (MetS) has not been clarified in prior studies, particularly in young adults. A total of 2,890 military personnel, aged 18-39 years, free of MetS were followed for incident MetS from baseline (2014) until the end of 2020 in Taiwan. Daily coffee amount consumed was grouped to those ≥3 cups or 600 mL (moderate or more amount) and those without. Incidence of MetS was identified in annual health examinations. MetS was diagnosed on the basis of the guideline of the International Diabetes Federation. Multivariable Cox regression model with adjustments for sex, age, body mass index, physical activity and substance use status at baseline was performed to determine the association. At baseline, there were 145 subjects with daily coffee intake ≥3 cups or 600 mL (5.0%) in the overall cohort. During a mean follow-up of 6.0 years, 673 incident MetS (23.3%) were found. As compared to those consuming less coffee or none, those consuming daily coffee ≥3 cups had a lower risk of MetS [hazard ratio (HR): 0.69 (95% confidence interval: 0.48, 0.99)]. This study suggests that adhering to the guideline recommended moderate or greater daily coffee consumption for promoting health, may confer advantages in preventing the development of MetS among young adults.

Roles of serum uric acid on the association between arsenic exposure and incident metabolic syndrome in an older Chinese population

Growing evidences showed that heavy metals exposure may be associated with metabolic diseases. Nevertheless, the mechanism underlying arsenic (As) exposure and metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk has not been fully elucidated. So we aimed to prospectively investigate the role of serum uric acid (SUA) on the association between blood As exposure and incident MetS. A sample of 1045 older participants in a community in China was analyzed. We determined As at baseline and SUA concentration at follow-up in the Yiwu Elderly Cohort. MetS events were defined according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Generalized linear model with log-binominal regression model was applied to estimate the association of As with incident MetS. To investigate the role of SUA in the association between As and MetS, a mediation analysis was conducted. In the fully adjusted log-binominal model, per interquartile range increment of As, the risk of MetS increased 1.25-fold. Compared with the lowest quartile of As, the adjusted relative risk (RR) of MetS in the highest quartile was 1.42 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.03, 2.00). Additionally, blood As was positively associated with SUA, while SUA had significant association with MetS risk. Further mediation analysis demonstrated that the association of As and MetS risk was mediated by SUA, with the proportion of 15.7%. Our study found higher As was remarkably associated with the elevated risk of MetS in the Chinese older adults population. Mediation analysis indicated that SUA might be a mediator in the association between As exposure and MetS.

Association Between Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Metabolic Syndrome

BackgroundStudies have shown an increased incidence of metabolic syndrome (MS) among irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients; we aimed to assess the eligibility of IBS as a risk factor for MS. MethodsPubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were searched on the 1st of January 2023. Only observational controlled studies were included. Analysis was conducted by RevMan software version 5.4. ResultsIBS was associated with an increased incidence of MS (RR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.50 to 2.79, p-value >0.00001). A significant association was seen between IBS, abdominal obesity (RR = 1.28, p-value = 0.0003), and increased waist circumference (MD = 5.01, 95% CI = 1.29 to 8.72, p-value = 0.008). IBS patients didn't have an increased risk of diabetes (RR= 1.29, 95% CI = 0.85 to 1.98, p-value = 0.23), however, they had increased HOMA- IR (MD = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.15 to 0.26, p-value < 0.00001). Analysis of blood pressure revealed an association between systolic not diastolic hypertension and IBS (MD = -0.50, 95% CI = -0.60 to -0.40, p-value >0.00001). Higher levels of LDL cholesterol (MD = 5.98, 95% CI = 0.91 to 11.05, p-value = 0.02), total cholesterol (MD = 12.21, 95% CI = 6.23 to 18.18, p-value >0.0001), and triglyceride (MD = 11.93, 95% CI = 11.55 to 12.31, p-value >0.00001) were detected among IBS patients. ConclusionIBS patients are at increased risk for MS and its components. Accordingly, patients should be screened for MS, and preventive programs should be implemented.

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, beyond the musculoskeletal system

It has been suggested that diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), a skeletal disease characterized by the ligamentous ossification of the anterolateral spine, is a radiological entity with no clinical implications; however, many patients suffer from chronic back pain, decreased spinal mobility, and postural abnormalities. Additionally, the pathological new bone formation at the cervical and thoracic levels may mainly produce dysphagia and breathing disturbances. Over the last 20 years, a close association between DISH, obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), and metabolic syndrome (MS) has emerged. However, a causal relationship has not yet been established. It has been suggested that the longer life expectancy and the growing incidence of MS in Western populations, associated with the tendency of DISH to manifest in later life, may increase the DISH prevalence rates in the following decades. Future investigations should focus on the early DISH phase to clarify pathogenetic mechanisms and identify targeted therapies.

Plasma metabolite predictors of metabolic syndrome incidence and reversion

BackgroundMetabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a progressive pathophysiological state defined by a cluster of cardiometabolic traits. However, little is known about metabolites that may be predictors of MetS incidence or reversion. Our objective was to identify plasma metabolites associated with MetS incidence or MetS reversion. MethodsThe study included 1468 participants without cardiovascular disease (CVD) but at high CVD risk at enrollment from two case-cohort studies nested within the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) study with baseline metabolomics data. MetS was defined in accordance with the harmonized International Diabetes Federation and the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute criteria, which include meeting 3 or more thresholds for waist circumference, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose. MetS incidence was defined by not having MetS at baseline but meeting the MetS criteria at a follow-up visit. MetS reversion was defined by MetS at baseline but not meeting MetS criteria at a follow-up visit. Plasma metabolome was profiled by LC-MS. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models and elastic net regularized regressions were used to assess the association of 385 annotated metabolites with MetS incidence and MetS reversion after adjusting for potential risk factors. ResultsOf the 603 participants without baseline MetS, 298 developed MetS over the median 4.8-year follow-up. Of the 865 participants with baseline MetS, 285 experienced MetS reversion. A total of 103 and 88 individual metabolites were associated with MetS incidence and MetS reversion, respectively, after adjusting for confounders and false discovery rate correction. A metabolomic signature comprised of 77 metabolites was robustly associated with MetS incidence (HR: 1.56 (95 % CI: 1.33–1.83)), and a metabolomic signature of 83 metabolites associated with MetS reversion (HR: 1.44 (95 % CI: 1.25–1.67)), both p < 0.001. The MetS incidence and reversion signatures included several lipids (mainly glycerolipids and glycerophospholipids) and branched-chain amino acids. ConclusionWe identified unique metabolomic signatures, primarily comprised of lipids (including glycolipids and glycerophospholipids) and branched-chain amino acids robustly associated with MetS incidence; and several amino acids and glycerophospholipids associated with MetS reversion. These signatures provide novel insights on potential distinct mechanisms underlying the conditions leading to the incidence or reversion of MetS.

Non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis and its relation with metabolic syndrome

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between Non-Alcoholic Hepatic Steatosis (NASH) and Metabolic Syndrome (MS). Bibliographic review: NASH is a common liver condition in western industrialized countries, affecting individuals who do not consume alcohol. The pathogenesis of NASH involves environmental, genetic, and gut microbiota factors, and there is a strong association between NASH and MS, a condition that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The relationship between NASH and MS is complex, with both sharing features such as obesity, insulin resistance and inflammation. The study analyzed 13 articles and found a strong association between NASH and MS. Patients with NASH often have features of MS, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, and hypertension. Furthermore, the presence of MS is related to a higher risk of liver disease progression. The relationship between these conditions appears to be driven by factors such as elevated glucose, insulin resistance and increased visceral fat. Final considerations: NASH and MS are conditions that pose significant public health challenges, especially in developed countries. The prevention and control of these conditions are closely linked to the promotion of lifestyle changes, including a healthy diet and physical exercise. These changes can have a positive impact on the incidence and progression of both NASH and MS, improving quality of life and reducing the risks associated with these pathological conditions. In addition, the importance of considering genetics and other individual factors in the evaluation and management of these multifactorial conditions is highlighted.

The Association between Betel Quid Chewing and Metabolic Syndrome Among Urban Adults in Mandalay District of Myanmar.

As the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, obesity and diabetes increase worldwide, the need to identify modifiable lifestyle risk factors also increases, especially those that may be relatively unique to a specific population. To explore a possible association between betel quid chewing and metabolic syndrome, a community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Three hundred ninety-one (391) adults were interviewed and the following parameters were measured: triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, glucose, waist circumference, body mass index and blood pressure. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the association between betel quid chewing and metabolic syndrome while controlling for confounders. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was similar in chewers and non-chewers, 50% and 49%, respectively. After controlling for other factors, development of metabolic syndrome was positively associated with number of betel quids chewed per day, age greater than 40 years, and a positive family history of hypertension and diabetes. Regarding the duration of betel chewing, when analyzed by sex, the risk was doubled in men compared to non-chewers (OR 2.15; 95% CI = 1.21, 3.84). As a result, a man chewing more than 10 pieces (OR 2.49; 95% CI = 1.36, 4.57) of betel quids per day for more than 10 years had a two-fold increased chance of developing the metabolic syndrome. Frequency and duration of betel quid chewing may represent a behavioral lifestyle target for approaches to reduce the incidence of metabolic syndrome.

Metabolic Syndrome and Rheumatoid Arthritis Activity: An Analysis of Clinical, Laboratory, and Ultrasound Parameters.

(1) Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease associated with an increased incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this study was to determine if there is an association between MetS and parameters of RA activity, as well as between metabolic parameters and indices of RA activity. (2) Methods: This study involved 65 patients with RA. MetS was diagnosed according to the 2009 IDF/AHA/NHLBI criteria. The comparative analysis was conducted between RA patients with MetS (RA (MetS (+)) and without MetS (RA (MetS (-)). The activity of RA was assessed using clinical, laboratory, and ultrasound (US) parameters. (3) Results: Compared with RA MetS (-) patients, RA MetS (+) patients were characterized by higher disease activity, according to Disease Activity Score (DAS28), Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI), and Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI). RA MetS (+) patients had significantly higher tender and swollen joint counts, and values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and US parameters (grey-scale (GSUS), power Doppler (PDUS)). Significant correlations were found between metabolic parameters (waist circumference, cholesterol and glucose concentrations) and indices of RA activity. (4) Conclusion: The results of this study show that, in patients with RA, the presence of MetS is associated with higher disease activity, based on several clinical, laboratory, and US parameters.

Abstract 15781: Associations Between Hysterectomy and Incident Metabolic Syndrome: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Background: Metabolic syndrome is linked to increased risk of incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), heart failure, and all-cause mortality. Notable associations exist between hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and metabolic syndrome. However, there is emerging evidence that even with ovarian conservation, hysterectomy independently increases long-term risk for CVD. Despite these associations, extant literature on the independent link between ovary-sparing hysterectomy and metabolic syndrome is scarce. We, therefore, examined the associations between hysterectomy with ovarian preservation and metabolic syndrome risk in a multi-ethnic cohort. Methods: We studied 1,355 female MESA participants who had data on self-reported history of hysterectomy, oophorectomy, and hystero-oophorectomy and were free of metabolic syndrome and CVD at exam 1 (2000-2002). Metabolic syndrome was defined by the NCEP Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. We used multivariable Cox regression models to evaluate the associations between hysterectomy/oophorectomy subgroups and incident metabolic syndrome from exams 2 (2002-2004) to 6 (2016-2018). Results: The mean ± SD age was 59.0 ± 9.5 years, with 42% White, 27% Black, 19% Hispanic, and 13% Chinese-American participants. 29% and 22% had a history of hysterectomy and oophorectomy, respectively. Over a median follow-up of 10.5 (3.01-17.62) years, there were 750 metabolic syndrome events. Hysterectomy [HR 1.32; 95% CI (1.01-1.73)] and hystero-oophorectomy [1.40 (1.13-1.74)] were strongly associated with metabolic syndrome (Table) . Conclusion: Hysterectomy with ovarian preservation is independently associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome. If our findings are confirmed by other studies, screening and preventive strategies focused on females with ovary-sparing hysterectomy and the pathways driving these associations should be explored.

Abstract 17305: Diet-Induced Obesity Drives Phospholamban Acetylation and Promotes Cardiomyocyte Calcium Reuptake Into the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Background: The rising incidence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in the US has profound implications for the pathology of heart disease in coming years. Excessive fat and sugar intake is linked to elevated acetyl-CoA, which in turn is linked to protein acetylation. Although an increasing body of work has determined that non-nuclear lysine acetylation can alter the activity and stability of key proteins involved in cardiac health, the impact of acetylation on calcium handling sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) proteins, particularly the SERCA2a regulator phospholamban, remains poorly understood. Hypothesis: Metabolic dysregulation and obesity lead to the acetylation of phospholamban, relieving its inhibition on SERCA2a and increasing calcium uptake into the SR. APPROACH: C57BL/6J Mice were subjected to high fat diet-induced obesity (DIO). Left ventricle (LV) tissue was collected and analyzed using immunoblotting and acetylation was quantified by immunoprecipitation with acetyl-lysine antibodies. Human LV tissue from control and diabetic patients was similarly processed and evaluated. Adult ventricular cardiomyocytes were isolated from DIO and control mice, and DIO cells were incubated in media containing excess lipid substrates (1% Lipid Mix 1, Millipore Sigma) and acutely administered HDAC activator ITSA-1 to promote deacetylation. Changes in stimulated calcium dynamics were assessed using Fura-2AM and Fluo-4AM imaging. Results: Phospholamban acetylation significantly increased in LV tissue from both DIO mice (p=0.003) and human diabetic patients (p=0.034) compared to their respective controls. Primary cardiomyocytes isolated from DIO mice and incubated for 24hrs in a high-fat environment exhibited increased calcium transient amplitude and reuptake time (tau) into the SR, while incubation with pan HDAC activators significantly reduced these parameters (p=0.0004, and p=0.003 respectively). Conclusions: Obesity increases the acetylation of phospholamban and enhances the reuptake of calcium into the SR, while deacetylation reverses these effects. These data directly tie nutritive status to a novel phospholamban post-translational modification that may directly impact myocardial calcium handling and contractile function.

Precision Medicine in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Utility and Limitations.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most widespread diseases in Western countries, and its incidence is constantly increasing. Epidemiological studies have shown that in the next 20 years. The number of subjects affected by T2DM will double. In recent years, owing to the development and improvement in methods for studying the genome, several authors have evaluated the association between monogenic or polygenic genetic alterations and the development of metabolic diseases and complications. In addition, sedentary lifestyle and socio-economic and pandemic factors have a great impact on the habits of the population and have significantly contributed to the increase in the incidence of metabolic disorders, obesity, T2DM, metabolic syndrome, and liver steatosis. Moreover, patients with type 2 diabetes appear to respond to antihyperglycemic drugs. Only a minority of patients could be considered true non-responders. Thus, it appears clear that the main aim of precision medicine in T2DM is to identify patients who can benefit most from a specific drug class more than from the others. Precision medicine is a discipline that evaluates the applicability of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors to disease development. In particular, it evaluated whether these factors could affect the development of diseases and their complications, response to diet, lifestyle, and use of drugs. Thus, the objective is to find prevention models aimed at reducing the incidence of pathology and mortality and therapeutic personalized approaches, to obtain a greater probability of response and efficacy. This review aims to evaluate the applicability of precision medicine for T2DM, a healthcare burden in many countries.

A clinical case of fatty liver disease. How the new nomenclature can be applied in practice

Metabolic dysfunction‑associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is an urgent problem, as this condition is diagnosed in about 35% of the world’s population. Manifestations of metabolic dysfunction in MASLD include excessive body weight (abdominal obesity is the most dangerous), manifestations of dyslipidemia, hepatomegaly, signs of diabetes, arterial hypertension, and moderate alcohol consumption (&gt; 20 g/30 g of alcohol per day in women and men, respectively). According to a new meta‑analysis, MASLD significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular, metabolic, oncological and reproductive consequences. This disorder was associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular outcomes (hazard ratio [HR], 1.43), metabolic outcomes such as incident hypertension (HR, 1.75), prediabetes (HR, 1.69), diabetes (HR, 2.56) and metabolic syndrome (HR, 2.57), chronic kidney disease (HR, 1.38), and various liver‑related outcomes (HR, 3.92). MASLD is also associated with all types of cancer (HR, 1.54); the highest risk is observed for hepatocellular carcinoma (HR, 4.37). Currently, there are no FDA‑approved drugs for the treatment of MASLD, but there are some drugs to treat comorbidities with potential benefit in MASLD that may be considered in the appropriate clinical setting. It is important to understand that MASLD is a complex and multifaceted condition that requires a comprehensive approach to diagnostics and treatment, in addition to the approach of a gastroenterologist‑hepatologist alone. The increasing MASLD prevalence will remain a major global health threat that requires the implementation of effective mechanisms of the disease management.&#x0D; The authors present a clinical case of metabolic dysfunction‑associated steatohepatitis, associated with the I degree obesity. Liver dysfunction, metabolic and asthenovegetative disorders were revealed on the basis of complaints, anthropometric and anamnestic data, and the results of laboratory studies. Treatment with the use of S‑adenosylmethionine (Agepta, manufactured by Italy, developed by the company Omnifarma, Ukraine) was proposed, which contributed to the stabilization of indicators, according to the data of repeated clinical examinations. The lifestyle changes, physical activity, compliance to the treatment scheme and doctor’s recommendations enabled improving the patient’s state of health.&#x0D;

Association of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease/Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan.

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels, insulin resistance, and relative insulin deficiency. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the term used to describe fatty liver (steatosis) in individuals without a history of significant alcohol intake. MASLD is progressively known as the leading cause of chronic liver disease. Dietary factors, a significant risk factor for developing T2DM and cardiovascular disease, also contribute to MASLD development. The risk of developing MASLD increases with age, particularly in patients with diabetes mellitus. This risk is notably elevated among South Asians due to their higher incidence of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Importantly, MASLD is acknowledged as a component of the metabolic syndrome, with insulin resistance playing a central role in its development. Objective To determine the association between MASLD and T2DM in patients presenting at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Methodology This case-control study was conducted for one year in a tertiary care hospital in Gujranwala, Pakistan. A total of 380 patients were enrolled through convenient sampling and were analyzed according to two groups: those with diabetes (case) and those without diabetes (control). All participants were assessed for serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels and underwent abdominal ultrasound to determine hepatic fibrosis. A diagnosis of MASLD was made only in the presence of hepatic steatosis with AST and ALT values of more than 40 IU. The odds ratio (OR) was calculated, and stratified analysis was conducted according to gender, age, and BMI. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results In our study, 55.53% of patients were male, while 44.47% were female. The average BMI (±SD) of the patients was 23.66±3.08 kg/m2. Among the cases group, the MASLD was noted in 91 (47.9%) patients, while among the controls group, the MASLD was noted in 64 (33.7%) patients with a statistically significant OR of 1.810 (1.19-2.74). Conclusion In conclusion, MASLD is significantly associated with T2DM, regardless of gender and BMI of patients. We recommend screening T2DM patients for the presence of MASLD at regular intervals to prevent hazardous consequences of MASLD in adult populations, particularly those with features of metabolic syndrome. Further larger-scale studies investigating the impact of T2DM on MASLD are required to reduce morbidity and decrease disease burden, especially in prevalent areas.