Incidence Of Insomnia Research Articles

Association between Early Guanfacine Discontinuation and Somnolence for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Guanfacine, used as a medication for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), leads to a high incidence of somnolence, in contrast to methylphenidate, which leads to a high incidence of insomnia. The impact of somnolence on continuing guanfacine treatment is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the reasons for discontinuing guanfacine and analyzed the factors associated with discontinuation caused by somnolence. We surveyed 96 patients under guanfacine from July 2017 to December 2021 at the Saga University Hospital. Patients who discontinued guanfacine by the end date of our study were divided into a median early and late group. We compared the reasons for discontinuation in both groups. Of all patients, 47 continued and 49 discontinued guanfacine. A higher percentage of patients discontinued guanfacine caused by somnolence for ≤70 d than for >70 d of treatment (44.0 vs. 8.3%; p = 0.008). When stratified by the concomitant use of other ADHD drugs, somnolence resulted in a higher discontinuation rate for ≤70 d than for >70 d of treatment without concomitant use (55.0 vs. 7.1%; p = 0.009). Nonetheless, concomitant use resulted in no difference. In conclusion, somnolence affects the early discontinuation of guanfacine as an ADHD drug. The combination of methylphenidate or atomoxetine may decrease withdrawal caused by somnolence.

Inter-relationships of insomnia and psychiatric symptoms with suicidal ideation among patients with chronic schizophrenia: A network perspective

BackgroundInsomnia is common in patients with schizophrenia, which contributes to worsening psychiatric symptoms and suicidality. We aimed to assess the inter-relationships of insomnia and psychopathology with suicidal ideation (SI) among 1407 Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia via the network approach. MethodWe used Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation to assess psychiatric symptoms, insomnia, and SI, respectively. Lifetime suicidal attempts (SA) were collected. Results(1) The incidence of insomnia, lifetime SI, lifetime SA, and current SI was 13.5% (n = 190), 22.8% (n = 321), 13.5% (n = 190), and 9.7% (n = 136), respectively. (2) Patients with insomnia had worse clinical symptoms and higher suicidal risk. (3) Daytime dysfunction, sleep-related distress, conceptual disorganization, delusions, anxiety, and poor rapport were the core symptoms, while late sleep onset and sleep dissatisfaction emerged as bridge symptoms connecting insomnia and psychopathology. (4) Depressive mood, hallucinations, poor impulse control, guilty feelings, insomnia-related impaired quality of life, and sleep dissatisfaction were directly associated with SI. ConclusionOur findings called for formal assessment of insomnia in patients with schizophrenia, which should cover both nocturnal and daytime insomnia symptoms. Targeted interventions for key symptoms may help reduce insomnia, psychiatric symptoms, and SI in patients with schizophrenia.

Prevalence and Incidence of Co-Morbid Insomnia and Sleep Apnea (Comisa) in São Paulo, Brazil

Prevalence and Incidence of Co-Morbid Insomnia and Sleep Apnea (Comisa) in São Paulo, Brazil

Longitudinal associations of loneliness with mental ill-health, physical ill-health, lifestyle factors and mortality in ageing adults in Thailand

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the longitudinal association between loneliness, mental and physical ill-health indicators, lifestyle factors and mortality among middle-aged and older adults in Thailand.MethodsWe analyzed prospective cohort data of participants 45 years and older from three consecutive waves in 2015 (n = 5616), 2017 (n = 3600), and in 2020 (n = 2863) of the Health, Aging and Retirement in Thailand (HART) study. Loneliness was assessed with a single item. To assess the longitudinal associations between loneliness and health outcomes between 2015 (baseline), 2017 (first follow-up) and 2020 (second follow-up), we conducted Generalized Estimating Equations analysis (GEE).ResultsThe proportion of loneliness was 21.6% in 2015, 23.8% in 2017 and 21.3% in 2020. In the adjusted GEE logistic regression model, loneliness was positively associated with mental ill-health (poor self-rated mental health status, poor quality of life/happiness, depressive symptoms, and insomnia symptoms), physical ill-health (poor self-rated physical health status, hypertension, kidney disease, osteoporosis, and ADL disability), and lifestyle factors (physical inactivity, and having underweight). Furthermore, in adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression, loneliness was associated with mortality. In adjusted logistic regression, compared to without loneliness in all three study waves, having loneliness in one wave and/or two to three waves was positively associated with incident mental ill-health (incident poor self-rated mental health status, incident poor quality of life/happiness, incident depressive symptoms, and incident insomnia symptoms), incident physical ill-health (incident poor self-rated physical health status, incident diabetes, incident kidney disease, and incident ADL disability), and incident lifestyle factors (having incident underweight).ConclusionWe found that loneliness was associated with several mental and physical ill-health indicators, lifestyle factors and mortality. Enhanced screening and treatment of loneliness may reduce mental and physical ill-health indicators in Thailand.

An investigation on the changes of serum CCK-8, substance P, and 5-HT in patients with post-stroke insomnia.

At present, the pathogenesis of post-stroke insomnia (PSI) is still inconclusive. To explore the changes and significance of serum cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8), substance P (SP), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in patients with PSI. Ninety-one patients with stroke were selected as the research subjects, and according to the score of the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), they were divided into the insomnia group and the non-insomnia group. The serum levels of CCK-8, SP, and 5-HT in the two groups were compared to explore their relationships with PSI. Among the 91 patients, 56 were in the insomnia group and 35 were in the non-insomnia group, and the incidence of insomnia was 61.5%. There was no significant difference in the serum levels of CCK-8, SP, and 5-HT between the two groups (P= 0.696, 0.980, and 0.809, respectively). One-way analysis of variance showed that there was no significant correlation between the serum levels of CCK-8, SP, 5-HT, and the AIS score (P= 0.7393, 0.9581, and 0.5952, respectively). The incidence of PSI was relatively high, but it could not be proved that CCK-8, SP, and 5-HT were involved in the pathogenesis of PSI. There might exist other neurotransmitters involved in the pathophysiological process of PSI, which should be further explored.

The association of insomnia with long COVID: An international collaborative study (ICOSS-II)

There is evidence of a strong association between insomnia and COVID-19, yet few studies have examined the relationship between insomnia and long COVID. This study aimed to investigate whether COVID-19 patients with pre-pandemic insomnia have a greater risk of developing long COVID and whether long COVID is in turn associated with higher incident rates of insomnia symptoms after infection. Data were collected cross-sectionally (May-Dec 2021) as part of an international collaborative study involving participants from 16 countries. A total of 2311 participants (18-99 years old) with COVID-19 provided valid responses to a web-based survey about sleep, insomnia, and health-related variables. Log-binomial regression was used to assess bidirectional associations between insomnia and long COVID. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and health conditions, including sleep apnea, attention and memory problems, chronic fatigue, depression, and anxiety. COVID-19 patients with pre-pandemic insomnia showed a higher risk of developing long COVID than those without pre-pandemic insomnia (70.8% vs 51.4%; adjusted relative risk [RR]: 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-1.65). Among COVID-19 cases without pre-pandemic insomnia, the rates of incident insomnia symptoms after infection were 24.1% for short COVID cases and 60.6% for long COVID cases (p<.001). Compared with short COVID cases, long COVID cases were associated with an increased risk of developing insomnia symptoms (adjusted RR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.50-2.66). The findings support a bidirectional relationship between insomnia and long COVID. These findings highlight the importance of addressing sleep and insomnia in the prevention and management of long COVID.

Effect of Kami Guibi-tang (KGT) in elderly subjects with insomnia: a study protocol from a single center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

BackgroundThe incidence of insomnia increases with age and is related to cognitive function in older adults; therefore, it is important to manage it actively. In this study, we report a protocol for the evaluation of the efficacy and safety of Kami Guibi-tang (KGT), a herbal prescription that has been widely used in East Asia for insomnia, forgetfulness, and depression, in older adults with insomnia.MethodsIn this single-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, 60 older adults with insomnia and subjective cognitive decline will be recruited and randomly assigned to the KGT or placebo group. The KGT group will take KGT granules thrice a day for 12 weeks, whereas the control group will take placebo granules in the same manner.Participants will be assessed for sleep, cognitive function, quality of life, and depression using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index-Korean (PSQI-K), Insomnia Severity Index-Korean (ISI-K), Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery–Dement (SNSB-D), 36-item MOS Short Form Survey (SF-36) and Short version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (S-GDS) before and at the end of administration of the investigational product. The PSQI-K, ISI-K, and SF-36 will be further assessed 12 weeks after the end of medication to determine whether the effects on sleep and quality of life are sustained. The PSQI-K total score difference between the two groups at 12 and 24 weeks will be the primary outcome; all other endpoints will be secondary.Safety will be assessed by performing blood tests and electrocardiograms before taking the investigational drug, 6 weeks after taking the drug, and 12 weeks after taking the drug; any adverse events will be observed throughout the study.DiscussionThe protocol will provide a detailed process for a clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of KGT in elderly patients with insomnia. We will also investigate if changes in cognitive function correlated with improvements in insomnia.Trial registrationThis trial was registered at CRIS (Clinical Research Information Service) on April 27, 2023 (KCT0008391, version 2.0). https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do?seq=24811&search_page=L.

Stress and Insomnia among Elderly Living in a Nursing Home: A Cross-sectional study

Introduction: Globally, It was estimated that one in three adults experienced insomnia. In Indonesia, 10% or equal to 28 million of the population was reported this particular sleep problem. Physical illness, environment, drugs used, and stress were reported as the major cause of insomnia. This study aims to analyse the relationship between stress and the incidence of insomnia among elderly living in a nursing, Surabaya, Indonesia. Method: This study applied cross-sectional approach with correlation descriptive design. Population in this study was older adults living in a nursing home. A total of 51 participant recruited through a random simple sampling was involved. The independent variable was stress and dependent was insomnia. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect data from the study participants. Data was statistically test by Contingency Coefficient. Results: There is no relationship between stress and the incidence of insomnia in the elderly (p=0.267). Insomnia might relate to others factors that not explored in the study. Conclusions: The current study highlights insomnia among elderly is not related to stress events. Even insomnia was a common, nurses need to identify other factors that can contribute to insomnia experienced by the elderly. Thus, further study examines insomnia among elderly is warranty.

Prevalence of Insomnia and Factors Influencing Its Incidence in Students of Tbilisi State Medical University: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Sleep is essential for overall health and well-being, however, medical students often face challenges in the form of insomnia or sleep-related disorders. This cross-sectional study investigates the factors influencing the incidence of insomnia in medical students at Tbilisi State Medical University during the 2022-2023 academic year. Using an online questionnaire, data was collected from 174 respondents with self-reported insomnia, and processed with spreadsheet software. The questionnaire collected demographic information, and data regarding sleeping patterns, and asked respondents to choose 'yes' or 'no' for each factor and its effect on their self-reported insomnia. After applying inclusion and exclusion factors, 122 responses were used for analysis. A chi-square analysis was conducted to verify the statistical significance of the data (p = 0.002002).The study revealed a high prevalence of 70.11% of respondents reporting sleeping difficulties. A total of 71.30% of respondents reported excessive workload as the most significant factor contributing to the incidence of their insomnia. Sixty-eight percentof respondents reported mental health issues(including anxiety and depression), and 65.5% reported improper sleep hygiene (including daytime napping and irregular sleep schedules) to play a role in the incidence of their insomnia. Social media and entertainment platform usage (59.8%) and stimulant consumption (48.4%) were comparatively less prominent but still noteworthy contributors to insomnia. The study also found that the majority of respondents (59.8%) experience onset-related insomnia, while 40.4% experience maintenance-related insomnia.This study found excessive workload to be the factor that most influenced the incidence of insomnia in medical students at Tbilisi State Medical University. This can be attributed to the increased academic load a medical student has to face and the worry about academic performance.Proper sleep hygiene, mental health support, and workload adjustments are suggested to decrease the incidence of insomnia among medical students at Tbilisi State Medical University.

Sleep Deprivation and Quantity related Incidence in Students of Medicine

Aim: To assess the sleep deprivation and quantity related incidence in students of medicine. Study design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Place and duration study: Psychiatry Department, Balochistan Institute of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Quetta from 1st October 2020 to 31st March 2021 at the Methodology: One hundred thirty-five students, both males and females, took part in this research. After obtaining written agreement, the detailed demographics of study participants such as age, body mass index, gender, marital status, socioeconomic and 18-30 years were recorded. Athens scale for insomnia was used for the estimation of how frequently people experienced insomnia. Results: The mean age was 23.04±11.33 years and mean BMI 21.43±21.45 kg/m2. There were 81(60%) males and 54(40%) females. One hundred and one (74.8%) patients had middle socio-economic status and 31 (25.2%) had upper class. Majority of the patients 135 (85.2%) were unmarried. The use of the AIS scale revealed that 59 (43.7%) of the patients had insomnia, among these majority were 39 (28.9%) females. Practical Implication: The report is not accessible at the time of this writing. The outcomes of this study will allow insomnia specialists to develop evidence-based recommendations for the prevention and treatment of insomnia in students who are at risk of developing the condition in the first place. This analysis serves as a baseline for investigators. Conclusion: Incidence of insomnia amongst medical students was significantly increased as a result of the stress of overachievement and late-night study sessions to achieve good grades and significantly higher as one's age increased. Furthermore, it is possible to reduce it to the entire sleeping period (8-12 hours) at night. Keywords: AIS scale, Insomnia, Medical students, Demographic

Starting a Romantic Relationship, Breakups, and Sleep: A Longitudinal Study of Chinese Adolescents

ABSTRACT Background Epidemiological data on the association between romantic experiences and sleep in adolescents are limited. This study examined the associations of starting a romantic relationship (SRR) and romantic breakups with insomnia symptoms and sleep duration in adolescents. Methods A total of 7,072 Chinese adolescents were surveyed in November–December 2015 and 1 year later. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess SRR, romantic breakups, sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, depressive symptoms, substance use, and demographics. Results The mean age of the sample was 14.58 (SD = 1.46) years and half were female. SRR only, breakups only, and both (SRR + breakups) in the past year were reported by 7.0%, 8.4%, and 15.4% of the sample, respectively. At the baseline and 1-year follow-up, 15.2% and 14.7% of the sample had insomnia symptoms and 47.7% and 42.1% reported short sleep duration (<7 h/night), respectively. After adjusting for depressive symptoms, substance use, and demographics, SRR and breakups were significantly associated with 35–45% increased odds of insomnia symptoms at baseline. SRR + breakups were significantly associated with short sleep duration (OR = 1.28, 95%CI = 1.05–1.56). SRR (OR = 1.61, 95%CI = 1.16–2.23) and breakups (OR = 1.43, 95%CI = 1.04–1.96) were significantly associated with increased odds of incident insomnia symptoms at 1-year follow-up. These associations were stronger in younger adolescents (<15 years) than in older adolescents (≥15 years), especially in girls. Conclusions The findings suggest that SRR and breakups are associated with insomnia symptoms and short sleep duration, underscoring the importance of romantic relationships education and management of romantic stress for healthy sleep especially in early adolescent girls.

Burden of COVID-19 on Mental Health of Resident Doctors in Poland.

BACKGROUND The study aim was to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia among resident doctors in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS The online anonymous survey was conducted among Polish resident doctors attending obligatory specialization courses organized by the Center of Postgraduate Medical Education between 2020 and 2021. The psychological impact of COVID-19 was measured using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The sleep problems were assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). RESULTS Among 767 resident doctors participating in the study there were substantial levels of depression (14.7% mild, 26.2% moderate, 10.8% severe, and 9.5% extremely severe), anxiety (9.0% mild, 20.6% moderate, 8.3% severe, and 11.5% extremely severe), and stress (16.4% mild, 20.9% moderate, 15.7% severe, and 5.7% extremely severe), as well as substantial incidence of insomnia (58.0%), (38.3% subthreshold, 17.9% clinically moderate, and 1.7% clinically severe). Female doctors, physicians working directly with COVID-19 patients, and those who had COVID-19 themselves were at higher risk of depression, stress, and anxiety. Sleep disorders were more prevalent among doctors in surgical specializations, as well as those working directly with COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic in Poland appears to have negatively affected doctors' mental health. High levels of depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia indicate that systemic solutions are needed. A spectrum of interventions should be explored to mitigate further strain on the physicians' psychological health in the post-pandemic work environment. It is necessary to focus on groups at particular risk, such as women, front-line doctors, doctors in health crisis, and residents in selected fields of medicine.

The Effect of the Duration of Social Media Use on the Incidence of Student Insomnia

Sleep is a physiological need that must be fulfilled by every human being for at least eight to 10 hours every day. The use of social media in uncontrolled time and duration can interfere with the quality and quantity of sleep-in students. This study aims to determine the relationship between the duration of social media use and the incidence of insomnia in Batari Toja Nursing Academy students. The method used in this study was an analytical survey with a cross sectional approach using total sampling technique obtained as many as 297 respondents. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire via google form which was distributed using a link to each class whtassapp group. Data were analysed bivariately using the spearman correlation test. Results: the study showed that there was a strong relationship with a positive and significant direction between the duration of social media use and the incidence of insomnia in students of Batari Toja Nursing Academy (p value = 0.00 &lt;0.05, with a value of r = 0.739). It is hoped that students can manage their time using social media, reduce and avoid using social media at night before sleep

THE ASSOCIATION OF INSOMNIA DEGREE WITH GRADE POINT AVERAGE PREDICATE IN STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF MEDICINE DUTA WACANA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY, YOGYAKARTA

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background&lt;/strong&gt; Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder in the world. The incidence of insomnia in some medical students in Indonesia can also reach half of the population. Meanwhile, sleep is the phase where oxygen transport and neuron performance occur optimally.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective&lt;/strong&gt; This study aims to determine the association between the degree of insomnia and the grade point average predicate for Duta Wacana Christian University, Yogyakarta medical students.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods&lt;/strong&gt; The analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted in this research. The number of participants were 213 medical students from 2016, 2017, and 2018 batches who were taken randomly. The degree of insomnia data was taken by the insomnia severity index questionnaire.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Result&lt;/strong&gt;s Through the results of the questionnaire, there were 47.83% of male students and 39.67% of female students experienced sub-threshold insomnia, 7.6% of male students and 7.44% of female students experienced moderate-severity insomnia, and 0.82. % of female students have severe insomnia. Data were analyzed using Chi-square statistical test. Based on the results of the Chi-square analysis, the p-value obtained is 0.058 (p-value &amp;gt; 0.05) so the results are not in accordance with the hypothesis&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion&lt;/strong&gt; It can be concluded from these results that the degree of insomnia does not associate with the grade point average predicate for medical students of Duta Wacana Christian University, Yogyakarta.&lt;/p&gt;

0328 The Natural History of Insomnia: High Sleep Reactivity Interacts with Greater Life Stress to Predict the Onset of Acute Insomnia

Abstract Introduction Previous studies have shown that stressful life events are the primary trigger in the development of insomnia. One etiological model of insomnia suggests that sleep reactivity, or the vulnerability to stress-related sleep disturbance, may be an important moderator of this association. That is, some individuals have a predisposition to experience insomnia following acute stressors (i.e., sleep reactivity). The goal of the present study was to provide a proof of concept and, specifically, additional empirical evidence that the link between stressful life events and the onset of acute insomnia is moderated by sleep reactivity. Methods 1,225 adults with a history of good sleep (Mage = 53.2 years, 68% female, 83% white) were recruited nationwide for an online study on sleep health. Participants completed surveys to assess sleep reactivity (baseline), sleep patterns (daily sleep diaries), and stressful life events (weekly survey). This high-density data (daily/weekly measures) allowed for a close examination of whether sleep reactivity predicts acute insomnia and how the association between stressful life events and sleep disturbance varies as a function of sleep reactivity. Due to the high variability of stressful life events and sleep over time, frequent data points were needed to test this etiological model of insomnia. Sleep diary data were used to identify sleep initiation/maintenance difficulties, including whether they met criteria for acute insomnia at any point during the one-year interval. Results Participants with high sleep reactivity, compared to low sleep reactivity, were at 76% increased odds of developing acute insomnia during the one-year interval. In general, greater weekly stressful life events were associated with greater insomnia during the subsequent week. Additionally, those participants with high sleep reactivity demonstrated a stronger relationship between weekly stressful life events and insomnia, such that they reported the greatest levels of insomnia following weeks where they experienced a greater number of stressful life events. Conclusion These results further support the sleep reactivity model of insomnia, and specifically, provide evidence that sleep reactivity predicts the incidence of acute insomnia in a sample of participants with no history of insomnia. Support (if any) Perlis: R01AG041783, K24AG055602; Vargas: K23HL141581, R25HL10544

New insights into chronic pain management based on biopsychosocial model

The biopsychosocial model of pain dominates the scientific community’s understanding of chronic pain. Chronic pain is considered a different form of depression. In this study, pain relief was explored in chronic pain patients with different neurological disease, accompanied by comorbid symptoms, depression, and insomnia. Twenty-three chronic pain patients aged 26–79 years with comorbid symptoms were included in a prospective 12-week treatment using 10 mg vortioxetine. Different types of chronic pain were represented in this study: low back pain (13 patients), headache (four patients); neuropathic mechanism-induced pain (six patients) – spinal stenosis (two patients), radiculopathy (two patients), and trigeminal neuralgia (two patients). Efficacy of vortioxetine treatment was monitored after 1 week, 3 weeks, and 12 weeks. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used for pain intensity value. Dynamic of pain relief was assessed in accordance with comorbid depression and insomnia. Most patients with chronic pain actively reported depression (65%) and insomnia (74%). Depression was statistically rare in patients with neuropathic pain (33%) compared to patients with nociceptive pain (82%; P &lt; 0.05). Incidence of insomnia was lower, although not statistically, in patients with neuropathic mechanism-induced pain (50%) compared to patients with nociceptive pain (82%, P = 0.129). Patients younger than 65 years reported pain reduction, according to VAS, after 1 week and 3 weeks vortioxetine therapy. The mean pain relief was 1.1 cm in young patients versus 0.16 cm in patients aged &gt;65 years (P &lt; 0.01) after 1-week treatment, and it was 2.35 cm in young patients versus 1.7 cm in patients aged &gt;65 years (P &lt; 0.05) after 3-week treatment. Vortioxetine therapy was effective in different types of chronic pain, accompanied by comorbid depression and insomnia. At early stage of treatment, pain relief was lower in old patients aged &gt;65 years. Regardless of age, all patients had significant pain relief after the 12-week treatment.

HUBUNGAN PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL DENGAN KEJADIAN INSOMNIA PADA MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS ISLAM AL-AZHAR ANGKATAN 2021

Background: Due to the development of science, technology, and information, the use of social media is increasingly inseparable from society. A study conducted by the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (Kemkominfo) in collaboration with the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) in 2014 showed the fact that social media users reached more than 82 million people and made Indonesia the 8th largest in the world as a social media user. The use of social media through gadgets will interfere with the regulation of the hormone melatonin so that it can cause insomnia for its users, including students. Objective: To determine the relationship between the use of social media and the incidence of insomnia in students of the Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar Islamic University batch 2021. Method: This study was an observational analytic studied, with a cross sectional design. The sample used is the students of Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar Islamic University batch 2021 with a total of 91 people. The insomnia assessment was carried out using the KSPBJ-IRS insomnia questionnaire and the use of social media was assessed using a measuring instrument in the form of a questionnaire adopted from Ruri Selvia's undergraduate thesis (2020). Data analysis using Chi-Squere with SPSS software version 25. Results: Analysis using Chi-Square obtained a p-value of 0.001 (p-value &lt;0.05), which means that there is a significant relationship between the use of social media and the incidence of insomnia in students of the Faculty, of Medicine Al-Azhar Islamic University batch 2021. Conclusion: There is a relationship between the use of social media with the incidence of insomnia in students of the Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar Islamic University batch 2021.

Analisis Penggunaan Smartphone dan Stres dengan Kejadian Insomnia pada Mahasiswa Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Jambi

Health is a very important need for humans, one of the efforts to maintain health, such as adequate rest or sleep and stress management, poor sleep quality is called insomnia, insomnia can have a negative impact on body health, such as the risk of infectious diseases such as high blood pressure and heart disease, Several factors lead to high rates of insomnia. in students in the form of excessive smartphone use and stressful conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between smartphone use and stress with the incidence of insomnia among public health students at Jambi University. The research method is an analytic observational study with a quantitative approach using a cross-sectional design with a sampling technique using proportional stratified random sampling as many as 8 respondents. Data analysis with chi-square test. The results of data analysis found that there is a significant relationship. between smartphone use (p = 0000) and stress (p = 0000) on insomnia in public health students at the University of Jambi. The conclusion of the study is that there is a relationship between smartphone use and stress with insomnia in public health students at the University of Jambi.

The level of fatigue, insomnia, depression, anxiety, stress, and the relationship between these symptoms following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a cross-sectional study.

This study investigated the incidence of fatigue, insomnia, depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT), as well as explored potential relationships among these symptoms. A total of 126 patients who had undergone transplantation at a university hospital at least one month prior to the study's commencement were included. The study was conducted as a cross-sectional and relational research, and data were collected using the "Personal Information Form," "Brief Fatigue Inventory," "Insomnia Severity Index," and "Depression Anxiety Stress Scale." Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, parametric and nonparametric tests, and correlation analyses using the Spearman Correlation Coefficient. Additionally, mediation analyses were conducted using a Structural Equation Model to explore potential causal relationships among the variables. The incidence of fatigue was high among patients, with 94% experiencing this symptom following transplantation. Additionally, 52% had anxiety, 47% had insomnia, 47% had depression, and 34% had stress. Moderate relationships were observed between these symptoms. Regression analysis revealed that one-point increase in fatigue was associated with increases in stress 1.065 points, depression 0.937 points, anxiety 0.956 points, and insomnia 0.138 points (p<0.001). Similarly, one-point increase in insomnia was associated with increases in fatigue 3.342 points, stress 0.972 points, depression 0.885 points, and anxiety 0.816 points (p<0.001). After AHSCT, fatigue was the most frequent symptom experienced by patients, followed by insomnia, depression, anxiety, and stress. There was a relationship between these symptoms. Additionally, evidence suggested that insomnia was more strongly associated with fatigue compared to the other symptoms.

Appropriate Use and Abuse of Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs

The incidence of insomnia has been increasing in recent years. In addition, due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, more and more people are experiencing a variety of insomniac problems, including having difficulty in sleep initation, waking up too early, and short sleep duration. Chronic insomnia may seriously affect patients' life and work, increase their risks of developing physical and mental illnesses, and cause crushing social and economic burdens. Sedative-hypnotics, including benzodiazepine agonists, melatonin receptor agonists, orexin receptor antagonists, and antidepressants with hypnotic effects, are widely used to treat most patients suffering from insomnia. However, there is the phenomenon of the non-medical use and abuse of sedative-hypnotic drugs, especially benzodiazepine receptor agonists. The abuse of sedative-hypnotic drugs may lead to mental and physical dependence, cognitive impairment, depression and anxiety, as well as an increased risks of falls and death. Therefore, drug regulatory authorities in China and other countries have issued relevant policies to reinforce regulation. Herein, we reviewed the prevalent use and safety of sedative-hypnotic drugs and proposed suggestions concerning their appropriate use. Both the efficacy and safety of sedative-hypnotic drugs should be carefully considered so that patients suffering from insomnia receive thorough and prompt treatment and the problem of potential abuse of sedative-hypnotic drugs is assessed in an objective and scientific manner. We also hope to provide references for the standardized clinical use of insomnia drugs.