Incidence Of Malignant Tumors Research Articles

Abstract 4720: Effects of removing heat and nourishing yin prescription on malignant phenotype and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway of human esophageal carcinoma cells

Abstract Introduction: Esophageal carcinoma (EC) ranks eighth in the incidence of malignant tumors and the sixth mortality worldwide. This study aims to screen out the Chinese herbs with strong inhibitory effects on the proliferation of four kinds of EC cells EC9706, EC-1, TE-1 and Eca109 from 366 Chinese herbs produced in Henan Province, and study the effect of composed Removing Heat and Nourshing Yin Prescription(RHNYP) on the proliferation, migration, invasion and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway of four EC cells. Methods: MTT and orthogonal design was applied to screen out the best effective Chinese herbs and determine the optimal dosage ratio of prescription on EC9706, EC-1, TE-1, Eca109 cells from 366 Chinese herbs alcohol extracts, the effects of this prescription on the proliferation, migration, invasion, clone formation, cell cycle and apoptosis of four EC cells were investigated by MTT, RTCA, soft agarose colony forming test, flow cytometry and western blot analysis. Then exploring the effects of RHNYP on EC related signaling pathways and key genes expression by western blot and RT-PCR assay. Results: Rhizoma Fagopyri Dibotryis(Jinqiaomai), Rhizoma Anemarrhenae(Zhimu), Asparagus Cochinchinensis(Tiandong), and Carpesium Abrolanoides Linne(Heshi) were screened out and composed Removing Heat and Nourshing Yin Prescription(RHNYP) according to their efficacy and orthogonal design. RHNYP could obviously inhibit the proliferation of EC9706, TE-1, EC-1, ECa109 cells with dose-effect and time-dependent manner. IC50 values of Jinqiaomai, Zhimu, Tiandong, Heshi in RHNYP for EC9706 cell were 27.639μg/ml, 40.015μg/ml, 9.044μg/ml, 11.208μg/ml respectively; for EC-1 cell were 24.575μg/ml, 56.991μg/ml, 9.361μg/ml, 13.584μg/ml respectively; for TE-1 cell were 23.534μg/ml, 25.862μg/ml, 6.788μg/ml, 8.911μg/ml respectively; for ECa109 cell were 33.990μg/ml, 33.604μg/ml, 19.873μg/ml, 15.227μg/ml respectively. RHNYP could effectively inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion, cloning ability, cell cycle and reduce apoptosis of four EC cells. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway had closely relationship with the occurrence and development of EC and RHNYP could effectively regulate the proteins expression on the pathway. CDCK3, KIF4A and RAD51AP1 genes were negatively correlated with the overall survival of EC patients and RHNYP could significantly inhibit their expression in four EC cells. Conclusion: RHNYP can effectively inhibit EC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and cell cycle, induce apoptosis, which may be related to the regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Citation Format: Fuchun Si, Wenyu Zhao, Gao Si, Xuejie Song. Effects of removing heat and nourishing yin prescription on malignant phenotype and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway of human esophageal carcinoma cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 4720.

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS IN THE POPULATION OF THE MYKOLAIV REGION

In order to study the epidemiological features of malignant neoplasms, methods of the statistical analysis were applied to assess the spread of malignant neoplasms in the population of the Mykolaiv region. This is a description of the regions characterized by statistically significant differences in the incidence of malignant neoplasms. An in-depth analysis of factors that potentially influence the development of cancer in areas with an increased risk of the occurrence and development of malignant tumors was conducted. For the epidemiological characteristics of malignant neoplasms in the population of the Mykolaiv region, the indicators of the National Cancer Registry, the Mykolaiv Regional Cancer Registry, and the statistics department of the Mykolaiv Regional Oncology Dispensary for the period from 2019 to 2021 were analyzed. Regional features of the development of malignant neoplasms in the population of the Mykolaiv region were revealed based on the analysis of statistical data on the primary detection of cancer in 19 regions, 3 cities and the regional center - Mykolaiv for 2019-2021. The improved method of assessing the medical and ecological situation at different territorial levels was based on a combination of traditional methods of research on cancer incidence and the use of information technologies. Correlation, factor and cluster analysis methods were used to assess the impact of individual environmental factors on the incidence of malignant neoplasms. Territorial regularities of the studied territories were investigated with the help of statistical analysis. Territorial statistics made it possible to analyze trends in the spread of disease, to identify cause-and-effect relationships between environmental factors and health indicators.

Epstein–Barr virus (Orthoherpesviridae: <i>Lymphocryptovirus</i>) among Russian ethnic groups: Prevalence of EBV types (EBV-1 and EBV-2), <i>LMP1</i> gene variants and malignancies

Introduction. The discovery of two EBV types (EBV-1 and EBV-2) has stimulated the study of their prevalence in populations and association with malignancies.
 Objective. To study the prevalence of EBV-1 and EBV-2 types among ethnic groups in Russia, to analyze PCR products of the LMP1 gene in virus isolates, and to evaluate the contribution of EBV types to the incidence of malignant neoplasms.
 Materials and methods. EBV isolates from oral lavages of the Republics Adygea, Kalmykia, Tatarstan and the Moscow Region (MR) representatives were studied by nested PCR for the belonging to EBV-1 and EBV-2 types. LMP1 amplicons obtained by real-time PCR from viral isolates DNA were classified and sequenced on an automatic DNA sequencer ABI PRISM 3100-Avant (USA). The sequencing results were analyzed using Chromas 230 and Vector NT programs (Invitrogen, USA). The reliability of the obtained data was assessed using statistical packages Statistica for Windows, 10.0.
 Results. The prevalence rates of EBV-1 and EBV-2 in representatives of four ethnic groups were compared with the incidence rates of some tumors in the population of three Republics and MR.
 The dominant persistence of the transforming in vitro EBV-1 type in representatives of the Republic of Tatarstan and MR correlated with a high incidence of gastric cancer and lymphomas in the population of these territories. On the contrary, predominant infection of the non-transforming in vitro EBV-2 type and both types of the virus in approximately the same percentage of representatives of Adygea and Kalmykia, respectively, correlated with a lower level incidence of above tumors in populations of these Republics. The differences between the incidence rates of neoplasms in the compared ethnic populations were statistically insignificant (p 0.05). LMP1 variants of viral isolates did not reflect either the level of EBV persistence types or the incidence of tumors.
 Conclusion. Infection of ethnic groups with EBV-1 and EBV-2 may vary significantly under the influence of various factors. The predominance of the in vitro transforming EBV-1 type in the population did not increase the incidence of tumors due to cases associated with the dominant virus type.

Incidence, survival, and mortality of cancer in children and young adolescents in Belgium and the Netherlands in 2004-2015: A comparative population-based study.

International comparisons of cancer surveillance measures may provide insight into inequalities in registration practices, etiological factors, and treatment strategies. This study aimed to compare incidence, survival, and mortality of cancer in children and young adolescents between Belgium and the Netherlands. All children (0-14 years) and young adolescents (15-17 years) diagnosed with cancer between 2004 and 2015 were selected from the population-based cancer registries of Belgium (N = 4739) and the Netherlands (N = 7322). Differences in incidence and mortality were expressed as standardized rate ratios (SRR; BE/NL). Five-year observed survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. During 2004-2015, the overall cancer incidence among children and young adolescents was similar in both countries. Incidence of neuroblastoma was significantly higher in Belgian children (2010-2015: SRR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.0-1.6). Five-year survival of all malignant cancers was comparable in 2010-2015, exceeding 80% in both age groups. Remarkable differences in survival existed in children for malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors in 2004-2009 (BE = 62%, NL = 45%), for acute myeloid leukemia (BE = 68%, NL = 78%) and rhabdomyosarcomas (BE = 60%, NL = 79%) in 2010-2015, and for neuroblastoma in both periods (2004-2009: BE = 76%, NL = 64%; 2010-2015: BE = 82%, NL = 64%). Overall cancer mortality in children decreased by approximately 3 percent-points annually in both countries, but was slightly lower in Belgium in 2004-2009 (SRR = 0.9, 95% CI 0.7-1.0). Despite differences for specific cancer types, overall cancer incidence, survival, and mortality were comparable between Dutch and Belgian children and young adolescents in 2010-2015. Variability in screening, diagnosis, and registration practices probably explains the observed differences in incidence and survival of neuroblastoma and malignant CNS tumors.

APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THYROID CANCER WITH ENHANCED COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

Thyroid Cancer (TC) is a common malignant tumor, head and neck in the incidence of malignant tumors in the seventh, ranked fourth in the incidence in women. There are several methods to diagnose and recognize TC, such as ultrasonic, computed tomography (CT) and other means. While, it is an important role for CT examination in the diagnosis of TC, because it has the characteristics of objectivity, repeatability, and multi-dimensional imaging, and can clearly understand the scope and spatial characteristics of the lesion. CT has unique advantages in showing lymph nodes and distant metastases, such as coarse-walled or thick-walled ring calcification. The early diagnosis of TC mainly relies on manual labor, which is very inefficient. With the continuous development of information science, the construction of TC diagnosis and recognition models based on artificial intelligence (AI) has gradually become a research hotspot. At present, research on AI-based thyroid screening models mainly focuses on four aspects: first, thyroid region segmentation and image denoising based on image-omics; second, the establishment of a high-precision TC risk prediction model based on multi-omics data; third, screening of biomarkers of TC for clinical diagnosis; fourth, establish the early screening model of TC based on AI. This paper reviews the research status of the AI-based thyroid screening model based on the above four aspects. In addition, this paper also summarizes the main challenges faced by the current AI -based TC recognition and detection model and it proposes a new research idea for the future TC early screening research based on enhanced CT.

Exploring the Oncogenic Potential of TIMM8A: A Crucial Factor in Breast Cancer Tumorigenesis

BackgroundFemale breast cancer has become the world's most common malignant tumor, displacing lung malignancy, and the incidence of malignant tumors has increased continuously in recent decades. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of breast tumorigenesis have not been fully elucidated. By consulting the literature, we discovered that the TIMM8A gene could affect oxidative stress and apoptosis in patients with Mohr–Tranebjærg syndrome. However, the biological function of TIMM8A has yet to be explored. Materials and MethodsWe investigated the expression level of TIMM8A via bioinformatic analysis and performed immunohistochemistry, diagnostic value, immune infiltration, functional enrichment, and survival analyses. Nonetheless, in vitro, additional experiments were performed. We explored whether TIMM8A expression was greater in breast tumors than in nearby normal tissues through qRT‒PCR. The expression of TIMM8A was knocked down by siRNA. Then, we conducted proliferation tests (CCK-8 experiment and colony formation) and Transwell assays (migration and invasion assays) to determine the specific biological functions of TIMM8A in the MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 cell lines. ResultsTumor samples exhibited higher TIMM8A expression and exon expression, whereas normal tissues had higher TIMM8A methylation. The expression level of TIMM8A was linked to immune infiltration and survival, making it a valuable prognostic indicator and effective diagnostic tool. Functional enrichment analysis of TIMM8A indicated potential pathways through which it may play a role. In vitro experiments demonstrated that suppressing TIMM8A significantly inhibited the viability, colony formation, migration, and invasion of breast carcinoma cell lines. ConclusionThis study revealed that TIMM8A is an oncogene and is critical for the tumorigenesis of breast carcinoma.

Long-Term Efficacy Analysis of Surgical Resection of 70 Primary Right Heart Tumors

Introduction: The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical characteristics, surgical treatment, and long-term efficacy of primary right heart tumors. Methods: This study is retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 70 patients with primary right heart tumors admitted to our department between 1980 and 2022 (observation group) and 70 patients with left heart tumors during the same period (control group). The surgical treatment was performed under cardiopulmonary bypass after differential diagnosis by echocardiography, cardiac CTA, and PET-CT before the surgery. The perioperative characteristics, recurrence rate, and long-term survival rates of right heart tumor versus left heart tumor were compared. Results: The most common pathological types of right heart tumors were myxoma (60%), lipoma (8.57%), and papillary elastofibroma (7.14%). During the perioperative period, there were 1 case of systemic embolism in the observation group, compared with 6 in the control group (p = 0.026), 13 cases of malignant tumor in the observation group versus 1 in the control group (p = 0.01). During the follow-up period, there were 15 cases of tumor recurrence and 17 cases of death in the observation group versus 4 (p = 0.002) and 7 in the control group (p = 0.006), comparatively. Conclusion: Compared with left heart tumors, primary right heart tumors had a higher incidence of malignant tumors and a lower risk of systemic embolism during perioperative period. During the follow-up period, primary right heart tumors had a higher rate of tumor recurrence and a lower long-term survival rate.

Частота развития злокачественных новообразований у пациентов с циррозом печени и влияние развития гепатоцеллюлярного рака на общую выживаемость пациентов с циррозом печени

Цель работы. Изучить частоту развития злокачественных новообразований у пациентов с циррозом печени в зависимости от его стадии и основного этиологического фактора. Выявить влияние развития гепатоцеллюлярного рака на общую выживаемость больных с циррозом печени. Материалы и методы. Проведено проспективное наблюдательное исследование при участии 994 больных циррозом печени, наблюдавшихся в Свердловском областном гепатологическом центре в период с 2015 по 2020 г. Результаты. Летальные исходы зафиксированы у 438 из 994 больных (44,0%). Злокачественные новообразования выявлены у 125 человек (12,6%). Частота развития гепатоцеллюлярного рака зависела как от стадии цирроза печени, так и от преобладающей этиологии. Вероятность гепатоцеллюлярного рака у больных циррозом печени класса А по классификации Чайлда – Пью составила 6,3% в год, В – 7,3%, С – 5,9%, у пациентов с циррозом печени вирусной этиологии – 8,4%, алкогольной этиологии – 4,5%, с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени – 3,8% в год. Дополнительные факторы риска, достоверно повышающие частоту развития гепатоцеллюлярного рака: содержание альфа-фетопротеина ≥ 100 МЕ/мл (р < 0,0001), мужской пол (р < 0,001), возраст от 65 лет и старше (р = 0,006). Статистически незначимое влияние оказывали избыточная масса тела (р = 0,056), сахарный диабет (р = 0,390), артериальная гипертензия (р = 0,506). Наличие злокачественного новообразования печени сокращает продолжительность жизни при ее циррозе (p = 0,001). Медиана общей выживаемости при циррозе печени класса А по классификации Чайлда – Пью без гепатоцеллюлярного рака не достигнута, а при выявлении гепатоцеллюлярного рака составляет 81,7 месяца (р < 0,0001). При циррозе печени класса В медиана общей выживаемости снижается с 65,7 до 37,4 месяца (р = 0,02), а при классе С – практически не меняется: 22,8 и 21,0 месяца (р = 0,446). Заключение. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о целесообразности скрининговых программ в отношении раннего выявления гепатоцеллюлярного рака у пациентов с циррозом печени классов А и В вне зависимости от основной этиологии. Objective. To study the incidence of malignant tumors in liver cirrhosis patients with depending on the stage of liver cirrhosis and main etiological factor, to reveal the influence of hepatocellular carcinoma development on the overall survival of liver cirrhosis patients. Materials and methods. A prospective observational study was conducted, including 994 patients with liver cirrhosis observed in the Sverdlovsk Regional Hepatological Center in 2015-2020. Results. Lethal outcomes were recorded in 438 patients (44.0%). Malignant tumors were detected in 125 people (12.6%). The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma depends both on the stage of liver cirrhosis and on the etiology. The probability of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with liver cirrhosis Child-Pugh A was 6.3% per year, B – 7.3%, C – 5.9%, in patients with cirrhosis of viral etiology – 8.4%, alcoholic etiology – 4.5%, NAFLD – 3.8%. Additional risk factors that significantly increased the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma were the level of AFP ≥ 100 IU/ml (p < 0.0001), male gender (p < 0.001), age ≥ 65 years (p = 0.006). Overweight (p = 0.056), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.390), arterial hypertension (p = 0.506) had a statistically insignificant effect. The presence of hepatocellular carcinoma reduced life expectancy in liver cirrhosis patients (p = 0.001). The median OS for Child-Pugh A cirrhosis without hepatocellular carcinoma was not reached, and with hepatocellular carcinoma is 81.7 months (p < 0.0001). With class B cirrhosis, the median OS decreases from 65.7 to 37.4 months (p = 0.02), and with C it does not change: 22.8 and 21.0 months (p = 0.446). Conclusion. The data confirm the advisability of screening for the early hepatocellular carcinoma detection in liver cirrhosis patients with class A and B, regardless of underlying etiology.

A Case Report of Concurrent Transplant Renal Artery Stenosis, Renal Cell Carcinoma, and Papillary Thyroid Cancer After Renal Transplantation: A Literature Review

BackgroundKidney transplantation is the preferred treatment option for eligible patients with end-stage renal disease. With the advanced transplantation technology and the novel immunosuppressive agents, kidney transplant recipients survive significantly longer. But the chance of developing malignant tumors has increased, posing a serious challenge to the survival of transplanted kidneys and patients. Case presentationWe report a male patient (the patient's informed consent has been obtained) who underwent kidney transplantation 23 years ago. Subsequently appeared transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) , primary renal clear cell carcinoma(RCCC), and papillary thyroid cancer(TC). The narrowed blood vessels were dilated through percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), and the malignant tumor was removed surgically. Currently, anti-rejection drugs are regularly taken, and the transplanted kidney function is good. Satisfied with living conditions. ConclusionHypertension that is difficult to control after kidney transplantation should be suspected as a possibility of graft vascular stenosis. When B-ultrasound cannot accurately diagnose it, magnetic resonance angiography should be used as early as possible to clarify the diagnosis and relieve the stenosis before graft dysfunction. Transplantation patients have a high incidence of malignant tumors after surgery, and the risk increases with the prolongation of the disease course. Focus on symptomatic treatment of related diseases, and anti-rejection drugs can be reduced or not reduced as appropriate.

Multiple Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors, Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor and Atypical Neurofibromatous Neoplasm With Uncertain Biologic Potential Developing in A Single Patient With Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Syndrome.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is the most common human genetic disease. In these patients, the incidence of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) is increased. A male patient in his forties with neurofibromatosis 1, presented with the coexistence of multiple GISTs located at intestinal and colonic mesentery, MPNST located at his leg and atypical neurofibromatous neoplasm with uncertain biologic potential located at colonic mesentery. By FISH, the MPNST harbored CDKN2A loss and recurred 1 year later. After reresection and radiotherapy, the patient is now disease-free without evidence of disease. Atypical neurofibromatous neoplasm with uncertain biologic potential is a newly defined entity, and it is important to discriminate it from low-grade MPNST, which requires more aggressive treatment methods. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing synchronous GISTs, MPNST, and atypical neurofibromatous neoplasm with uncertain biologic potential developing in a single NF1 patient.

A system review of central nervous system tumors on children in China: epidemiology and clinical characteristics

BackgroundCentral nervous system (CNS) tumors are the most common solid tumors in children and the leading cause of cancer-related death in the latter. Currently, the incidence rate exceeds that of leukemia and ranks first in the incidence of malignant tumors in children.MethodsThe epidemiological data on childhood CNS tumors were collected from the Chinese Cancer Registry Annual Report. The annual percent change (APC) of incidence and mortality-rate changes were estimated via Joinpoint regression. Due to a lack of pertinent data, we performed a system review on the clinical-pathological characteristics in Chinese publications.ResultsThere was no significant increase in the incidence rate (APC: -0.1, 95% CI: -1.5 to 1.3), but there was a significant increase in the mortality rate (APC: 1.8, 95% CI: 0.3 to 3.4) for childhood CNS tumors. In the subgroup analysis, there were significant increases in both the incidence and mortality rates in rural areas (APC in the incidence: 6.2, 95% CI: 2.4 to 10.2; APC in mortality: 4.4, 95% CI: 0.4 to 8.4). The most common location and type of childhood CNS were, respectively, the cerebral hemisphere (25.5%, 95% CI: 21.7% to 29.4%) and astrocytomas (26.8%, 95% CI: 23.9% to 29.6%).ConclusionsThe epidemiological trends, and the relevant prediction, highlighted the need to pay continual attention to childhood CNS tumors, and the clinicopathology evinced its own distinctive characteristics. Timely detection and effective treatment must be further promoted regarding childhood CNS tumors with a view to decreasing the disease burden, especially in rural areas.

Incidence, clinical features, and survival outcomes of primary malignant lacrimal gland tumors: A population-based analysis.

Studies on the epidemiological information and prognosis of primary malignant lacrimal gland tumors (MLGTs) are rare for its low occurrence. The goal of our research was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and survival outcomes of patients with MLGTs. Incidence and demographic information of patients with MLGTs were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. To identify independent prognostic factors for disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS), univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed. The overall incidence of primary MLGTs from 1975 to 2020 was 0.413/1,000,000 (according to the 2000 American standard population), with a steadily increasing incidence over years. A total of 964 patients with primary MLGTs were diagnosed, with an average age of 59.3 years. Of these, 53.2% were aged ≥60 years, 57.4% were female, and 77.1% were whites. Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that year of diagnosis, age, sex, histological type, SEER stage, surgery, and chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors of DSS or OS. Although primary MLGT is rare, its incidence has steadily increased in the past 46 years, and surgery was related to a better prognosis.

Hypothesis of Genetic Diversity Selection in the Occurrence and Development of Lung Cancer: Molecular Evolution and Clinical Significance

So far, the monoclonal hypothesis of tumor occurrence and development cannot be justified. The genetic diversity selection hypothesis for the occurrence and development of lung cancer links Mendelian genetics with Darwin's theory of evolution, suggesting that the genetic diversity of tumor cell populations with polyclonal origins-monoclonal selection-subclonal expansion is the result of selection pressure. Normal cells acquire mutations in oncogenic driver genes and have a selective advantage over other cells, becoming tumor initiating cells; In the interaction with the tumor microenvironment (TME), the vast majority of initiating cells are recognized and killed by the human immune system. If immune escape occurs, the incidence of malignant tumors will greatly increase, and subclonal expansion, intratumour heterogeneity, etc. will occur. This article proposed the hypothesis of genetic diversity selection and analyzed its clinical significance. .

ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТЬ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ЗЛОКАЧЕСТВЕННЫМИ НОВООБРАЗОВАНИЯМИ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ БАШКОРТОСТАН. ЧТО ИЗМЕНИЛОСЬ В ТЕЧЕНИЕ 2019-2022 гг.

Significance. Malignant neoplasms remain widespread, ranking second in the structure of total mortality and topping the structure of primary disability. The share of stage IV cancer remains high. The purpose of the study was to analyze the incidence of malignant neoplasms in population of the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2019-2022 and to assess changes in the level and structure of incidence due to the epidemiological situation caused by Covid-19. Material and methods. The study material was data of the form No. 7 “Information on malignant neoplasms” for 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022. Data on the number of detected malignant neoplasms among men and women in certain age groups, stages of malignant neoplasms at detection and the number of deaths from cancer within one year after diagnosis were uploaded from the reporting form. Results. In 2020, there was a 21.1% decrease in the incidence of malignant neoplasms compared to 2019. In 2021, the incidence of trachea, bronchi, lung, prostate, colon, and kidney cancer significantly decreased in men, while in women there was a reduction in the incidence of breast cancer, skin melanoma, other neoplasms of the skin, cervix, lymphoid and hematopoietic tissues. The incidence rates in men and women in these years hardly differed. Thus, in 2019, the cancer incidence among men equaled to 358.1 cases per 100,000 people, while among women it was 335.9 cases. Analysis of the incidence rates by year showed that by 2020, it decreased to 281.1 cases among men and to 268.2 cases among women. In 2021, the incidence increased to 296.3 and 292.0 cases, respectively, and in 2022 - to 320.3 and 314.6 cases per 100,000 people. At the same time, in the age groups starting from 25-29 up to 55-59 years, the incidence in women was significantly higher than in men (2.0-2.5 times). Conclusion. The decrease in the incidence of malignant neoplasms in 2020, 2021 and in 2022 compared to 2019 is probably due to the spread of Covid-19. The decrease in the detection of cancer of certain localizations may be associated with a decrease in the coverage with preventive medical examinations and care seeking even in the presence of complaints. In connection with these reasons, the share of IV stage cancer increased. The obtained data indicate a possible reduction in medical care delivery for socially significant diseases in case of epidemiological situations.

Malignant Neoplasms in Serbia – Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Prevention

The paper deals with the analysis of the incidence and mortality of malignant neoplasms in Serbia. The study aimed to present the epidemiological situation regarding malignant diseases in Serbia, in comparison with some relevant data from around the world, and to provide an overview of the possibility of preventive interventions. In this paper, only publicly available data was used from The Population Register for Cancer of the Republic of Serbia, the WHO, and the work of other researchers. All data were used according to established best practices in research. It was concluded that malignant neoplasms rank second in terms of morbidity and mortality in Serbia. The incidence of malignant tumors by location is the highest for lung and bronchial cancers in men, and breast cancer in women. Notably, the morbidity rate in Serbia is lower compared to Western Europe, while the mortality rate is significantly higher. The cause of such outcomes certainly lies, at least partially, with certain risk factors and the lifestyle choices associated with them, but also in poorer material conditions. Material conditions are directly related to the level of health care development. It is necessary to focus efforts on the reduction of risk factors, the promotion of healthy lifestyles and the improvement of health care in general, which is a basic human right.

Результаты контроля радона в жилых домах вблизи разработки Шкурлатовского месторождения гранита

The presence of acting granite quarrying near the residential area may cause increase in indoor radon concentration. The paper presents results of estimating the level of radiation and carcinogenic danger for residents living near the acting Shkurlatov granite deposit. To assess average annual equivalent equilibrium volume activity (EEVA), Bq/m3, and the average annual individual effective radiation doses from radon isotopes presented in the indoor air, mSv/year, the data of the unified system for individual doses monitoring from 2017 through 2022 were used. Results of voluntary in-situ examination and 42 measures of radon volume activity in 17 residential buildings the closest to the granite quarry, were carried out in 2023. The above measures were used for calculation of EEVA of radon isotopes (Bq/m3) and the average annual individual effective radiation dose to the residents inhalated indoor radon (mSv/year). According to the data on radon monitoring in the dwellings situated near the Shkurlatov granite deposit the EEVA in wooden houses varied from 9.2 to 35.5 Bq/m3, EEVA in stone houses varied from 9.4 to 41.4 Bq/m3, average values are 21.22.0 and 21.91.8. The quoted values do not differ from the monitoring data in the Pavlovsk district of the Voronezh Region. Statistic data on malignant neoplasms incidence from 2017 through 2022 were investigated. As for the incidence of trachea, bronchus and lung cancer, no statistically significant difference between average multiyear cancer incidence in the area close to the Shkurlatov granite deposit in Pavlovsk district, Voronezh region, and in the more favorable district. The comparison was based on annual radiation doses due to radon isotopes inhalation. The results of the study suggest that radon at the registered indoor concentration does not affect cancer incidence among people living near the Shkurlatov granite deposit.

Incidence of malignant eyelid tumors: A 6-year period review (2015–2021)

Abstract Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most common malignant tumor, accounts for 85%–95% of cases of eyelid malignant tumors. Demographic factors such as age, gender, tumor location, and subtype play a crucial role in epidemiological knowledge. We investigated eyelid BCC diagnosis and treatment at the Department of Ophthalmology in Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal (CHS). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patient cases with suspected eyelid epithelial tumors who underwent excisional biopsy surgery. The study included data from the CHS database between 2015 and 2021. Data collection and subsequent analysis were based on histopathological results. Results: In our study, were analyzed a total of 47 tumor cases, with 68.1% located on the lower eyelids and 31.9% on the upper eyelids. Among these cases, 25 (53.2%) were classified as benign, while 22 (46.8%) were identified as malignant eyelid tumors. BCCs accounted for 90.9% of all malignant cases, with an average age of 71.7 ± 16.6 years. The nodular subtype was the most prevalent, followed by infiltrative and superficial subtypes. Superficial BCC patients were older than infiltrative BCC patients (median age = 69.5 years vs. 61.5 years). BCC primarily affected the lower eyelids compared to the upper eyelid, and there was a slight female predominance (n = 11). All diagnosed BCCs correlated with sun-exposed regions. Conclusions: Timely intervention is crucial for reducing morbidity. These findings emphasize the need for improved registration and notification systems to enhance the prevention and treatment of eyelid BCCs. Furthermore, despite advancements in ultraviolet-blocking technologies, further development of sunscreen specifically formulated for ocular use remains necessary to reduce the incidence of eyelid tumors.

Progress in research on the role of fluoride in immune damage.

Excessive fluoride intake from residential environments may affect multiple tissues and organs; however, the specific pathogenic mechanisms are unclear. Researchers have recently focused on the damaging effects of fluoride on the immune system. Damage to immune function seriously affects the quality of life of fluoride-exposed populations and increases the incidence of infections and malignant tumors. Probing the mechanism of damage to immune function caused by fluoride helps identify effective drugs and methods to prevent and treat fluorosis and improve people's living standards in fluorosis-affected areas. Here, the recent literature on the effects of fluoride on the immune system is reviewed, and research on fluoride damage to the immune system is summarized in terms of three perspectives: immune organs, immune cells, and immune-active substances. We reviewed that excessive fluoride can damage immune organs, lead to immune cells dysfunction and interfere with the expression of immune-active substances. This review aimed to provide a potential direction for future fluorosis research from the perspective of fluoride-induced immune function impairment. In order to seek the key regulatory indicators of fluoride on immune homeostasis in the future.

Incidence of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor in Saudi Arabia: A Registry-based Descriptive Analysis

Background: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) refer to malignant tumors in the cells of the peripheral nerve or nerve sheath. This study was conducted to report the incidence and provide an overview of MPNSTs in Saudi Arabia due to the rarity and lack of studies on MPNSTs in the country. Methods: This retrospective cohort study of MPNSTs included all patients diagnosed with MPNSTs in Saudi Arabia between 2010 and 2020. The data was collected from the Saudi Cancer Registry (SCR) and was analyzed using John's Macintosh Project (JMP) statistical software. Results: Twenty-five total with 25 MPNST cases were included in this study. The annual incidence in Saudi Arabia is 0.076 per million people. Of the patients, 15 were males (60.00%), and the median age was 36 (15–47) years. In this study, all 25 cases were diagnosed based on histopathology of the primary lesions (100.00%). For the sites of the lesions, the trunk and lower limbs were the most reported sites with six cases (24.00%) each. Regarding tumor grading, the majority had an unknown grade (18 cases, 72.00%), followed by grade II (moderately differentiated) in four cases (16.00%). Lastly, for tumor extension, 12 cases (48.00%) were localized, whereas only one case (4.00%) was distally metastasized. Conclusion: This study revealed a low incidence of MPNSTs in Saudi Arabia, providing information on gender distribution, age, geographical distribution, tumor site, grading, and tumor extension.

Analysis of the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the digestive system among the population of Chernihiv region

Analysis of the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the digestive system among the population of Chernihiv region