Incidence Of Low Back Pain Research Articles

The Impact of Physical Activity on Adolescent Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review.

Background: The relationship between physical activity and low back pain (LBP) in adolescents is complex, with conflicting evidence on whether activity is protective or a risk factor. The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced new challenges, increasing sedentary behaviors among adolescents. This systematic review updates the evidence on the association between physical activity and LBP in this population, focusing on the impact of the pandemic. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Medline, and SCOPUS identified observational studies published between January 2011 and December 2023. This review focused on adolescents aged 10 to 19 years, examining the effects of various physical activity levels and types on LBP incidence. Quality assessment was conducted using the ROBINS-I tool. Results: Twelve studies were included, with a total of 78,850 adolescents. The findings suggest a U-shaped relationship between physical activity and LBP, where low and high activity levels increase LBP risk, while moderate activity appears protective. The pandemic exacerbated LBP prevalence, likely due to increased sedentary behavior. Gender differences were noted, with females more likely to report LBP, particularly related to sports participation. Conclusions: Moderate physical activity may protect against LBP in adolescents, whereas both inactivity and excessive activity heighten risk. The pandemic's impact highlights the need for balanced physical activity to prevent LBP. Further research should explore the long-term effects of these changes.

Temporal Trends in the Epidemiology of Lower Back Pain in the United States.

This was an observational study. This study aims to explore sociodemographic and regional geographic variations in Lower back pain (LBP) incidence, prevalence, and burden in the United States (US from 2000-2019. LBP is a major contributor to lost wages and disability in the US. As LBP is associated with increasing age and sedentary lifestyle, the incidence of LBP is expected to rise. Due to LBP's multifactorial causes, US epidemiological trends lack sufficient data. Descriptive epidemiological data including disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), incidence, and prevalence per 100,000 population from 2000-2019 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease database. State-level data regarding poverty, insurance and employment status were obtained from the US Government Census Bureau and US Department of Labor. Statistical significance was indicated by P<0.05. From 2000-2019, the US demonstrated reductions in LBP incidence, prevalence, and DALYs. Regional analysis demonstrated the Midwest to have the greatest mean incidence, prevalence, and DALYs; with Midwestern females significantly more affected than females in other regions. Those aged 25-49 in the Midwest were impacted significantly more across all measures compared to age-matched populations in other regions. Nationally, there were no significant associations between unemployment and LBP. Poverty was inversely correlated with LBP incidence. Uninsured status was positively correlated with prevalence and DALYs. Although there has been progress in reducing the impact of LBP in the US, the Midwest region has greater rates for all measures compared to other US regions. Further, females and those aged 25-49 in the Midwest were more likely to be affected by LBP compared to counterparts in other regions. Future studies should identify specific factors contributing to elevated LBP rates in the Midwest in order to guide targeted interventions to reduce the incidence and burden of LBP there.

Estimating the impact of metabolic syndrome on low back pain and the joint effects of metabolic syndrome and depressive symptoms on low back pain: insights from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

BackgroundAlthough metabolic syndrome (MetS) and depressive symptoms (DS) are predictors of low back pain (LBP), their combined effects and relative contributions to LBP have not been well studied. Using the nationally representative data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), this study conducted cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses to investigate the impact of MetS on LBP, and the joint effects of MetS and DS on LBP.MethodsThis study included a cross-sectional analysis of 8957 participants aged at least 45 years from the CHARLS 2011 dataset and a longitudinal follow-up of 3468 participants without LBP from the CHARLS 2011, tracked over 9.25 years (from June 2011 to September 2020) with 4 times LBP assessment in CHARLS 2013, 2015, 2018, and 2020. To explore the association between MetS on LBP and the joint effects of MetS and DS on LBP, multivariable-adjusted multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Multivariable-adjusted COX proportional hazards regression models were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. All statistical analyses were conducted using STATA (version SE16).ResultsIn the cross-sectional analysis, MetS was associated with a lower risk of LBP (adjusted OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.74–0.97), while there was no significance for this association in the longitudinal analysis. In the joint association of MetS and DS with LBP, participants with NoMetS + DS (adjusted OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.94–2.75), and MetS + DS (adjusted OR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.81–2.59) were risk factors for LBP events, while those with MetS + NoDS (adjusted OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.62–0.90) was a protective factor for LBP events than those with NoMetS + NoDS. During the 9.25 years of follow-up, 1708 cases (49.25%) experienced incident LBP events. In the longitudinal analysis, a significantly negative association was not found in MetS + NoDS for LBP events. Three sensitivity analyses identified the robustness of the associations. Moreover, the nature of cross-sectional associations differed by age (45–64 and 65 + years).ConclusionsOur study found that MetS was linked to a lower incidence of LBP, but this effect does not persist over time. Importantly, the combination of MetS and DS significantly increased LBP risk, a joint effect not extensively studied before. These findings underscore the novel contribution of our research, advocating for the joint assessment of MetS and DS to enhance LBP risk stratification and inform prevention strategies.

The effectiveness of a dynamic seat cushion in preventing neck and low-back pain among high-risk office workers: a 6-month cluster-randomized controlled trial.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the promotion of postural shift intervention using a dynamic seat cushion on the 6-month incidence of neck and low-back pain among high-risk office workers. In a cluster-randomized controlled trial (RCT), 133 office workers were randomly assigned, at cluster level, to intervention (N=67) and control (N=66) groups. The intervention group received a dynamic seat cushion to encourage postural shifts during sitting, while the control group received a placebo seat pad. Primary outcomes were 6-month incidence of neck and low-back pain. Secondary outcomes included sitting discomfort, pain intensity, disability, and trunk muscle performance. Analyses utilized Cox proportional hazard models. During the 6-month period, 15% of participants in the intervention group developed neck pain and 10% developed low-back pain. For the control group, this was 65% and 59%, respectively. Hazard rate (HR) ratios, after adjusting for biopsychosocial factors, indicated a protective effect of the intervention for neck pain [HRadj 0.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09-0.39, P<0.001] and low-back pain (HRadj 0.16, 95% CI 0.07-0.35, P<0.001). The intervention group demonstrated a significant reduction in sitting discomfort and improvement in trunk muscle performance compared to the control group (P<0.05). However, the intervention did not reduce pain and disability in individuals experiencing pain compared to the control group. The dynamic seat cushion effectively reduced the incidence of neck and low-back pain by promoting postural shifts. These findings suggest that the key factor in reducing the risk of developing neck and low-back pain is the facilitation of postural shifts during sitting, which can potentially be achieved with other dynamic interventions designed to reduce prolonged and static sitting among office workers.

Hubungan Antara Stres Kerja dan Keluhan Nyeri Punggung Bawah Pekerja Las Industri Pembuatan Kapal

Low Back Pain (LBP) is a widespread health issue that profoundly impacts workers' productivity and quality of life. In addition to non-specific health effects, LBP can result in long-term disability and considerable economic losses. Globally, LBP affects 619 million individuals, with projections suggesting an increase to 843 million by 2050, particularly Low Middle Income Countries (LMICs) in Asia and Africa. The shipbuilding industry, known for its physically strenuous tasks and stringent deadlines, presents unique ergonomic challenges that can exacerbate job-related stress and precipitate the onset of LBP. This study examines Project X PT Y, a pivotal entity in Indonesia's shipbuilding sector. Utilizing a quantitative methodology and a cross-sectional research design, the study encompasses all 26 workers from the welding workshop at Project X PT Y. The analysis, conducted using the Spearman test, reveals a robust monotonic relationship between work-related stress and LBP complaints, indicating that the incidence of LBP increases concomitantly with elevated work stress.

Association Between Dominant-Shoulder Internal-Rotation Restriction and Low-Back Pain in Elite Male High School Soft Tennis Players.

The incidence of low-back pain (LBP)is high among elite male high school soft tennis players. A previous report showed that hip internal-rotation (IR) restriction in the non-dominant leg could increase the risk of LBP. Moreover, IR in the dominant shoulder is important for serve and stroke movements, suggesting that IR restriction in the dominant shoulder can contribute to LBP. The simultaneous incidence of non-dominant-hip IR restriction may help in developing a good LBP-related factor model; therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between dominant-shoulder IR restriction and LBP in elite male high school soft tennis players. This is a single-center cross-sectional study. This study included 176 male high school soft tennis players from 14 elite teams. The main measures were IR and external-rotation range of motion (ROM) in the dominant and non-dominant shoulders and hip, assessed using a goniometer with a bubble attached. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed with the presence of LBP as a categorical variable (LBP, 1; non-LBP (NLBP), 0). Multiple logistic regression models were created as follows: Model 1 included dominant-shoulder IR restriction (loss of glenohumeral IR (GIRLoss)), Model 2 included non-dominant-hip IR ROM, and Model 3 included both GIRLoss and non-dominant-hip IR ROM as the main explanatory variables to test the association between dominant-shoulder IR restriction and LBP, compare its suitability as an associated factor with non-dominant-hip IR restriction, and determine if either or both should be considered in an LBP association model based on model fit. The significance of each multiple logistic regression model was examined using the model χ2 test, and a model with P<0.05 was judged as a significant model. Model fit was examined using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, and P≥0.05 was judged as a good model fit. The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) were used to compare the goodness-of-fit among multiple logistic regression models. Results: The LBP and non-LBP groups comprised 59 and 117 players, respectively. GIRLoss in the dominant shoulder was a significant independent factor (odds ratio: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02-1.09; P<0.01) in Model 3, which included hip IR restriction in the non-dominant leg (odds ratio: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.86-0.94; P<0.01).In all models, the explanatory variables fitted were significantly associated with LBP, indicating that the models were significant and fitted well: the AICs (and BICs) for Models 1, 2, and 3 were 198.4 (207.6), 178.6 (187.9), and 168.8 (181.1), respectively, indicating that Model 3 was the best fit. In elite male high school soft tennis players, IR restriction in the dominant shoulder was associated with LBP. IR restriction in the dominant shoulder and non-dominant hip as a significant factor for LBP may contribute to developing an optimal multiple logistic regression model for LBP.

A Cross-sectional Study on Association of Iliopsoas Muscle Length with Lumbar Lordosis Among Desk Job Workers

Background: Prolonged hours of sitting in sustained posture is a common job requirement of desk job workers. Potential risk of iliopsoas muscle shortening leading to lumbar hyperlordosis, which in turn may cause low-back pain was identified. Thus, this study determined association between iliopsoas muscle length and lumbar lordosis in desk job workers. Methods and Material: This cross-sectional study was conducted on forty-six desk job workers working for 5 hrs/day for at least 5 years. Workers were assessed for iliopsoas muscle length using Modified Thomas test and flexi-ruler was used to measure lumbar lordosis. Pearson’s correlation was operated for association of iliopsoas length with lumbar lordosis. Results: Lumbar lordosis demonstrated moderate positive correlation with both right (r = 0.628) and left Iliopsoas muscle length (r = 0.647). Conclusion: This study concluded workers with higher degree of lumbar lordosis presented with shorter iliopsoas length. Timely intervention to maintain the length of this muscle will ensure low incidence of low-back pain among desk job workers thereby safeguarding their spine due to cumulative trauma.

Influence of Work Posture and Work Duration on the Incidence of Low Back Pain Among Batik Artisans: a Cross-sectional Study

Background: Batik artisans, particularly those involved in the "nyanting" process, are susceptible to lower back pain due to non-ergonomic working postures. These craftsmen sit for long durations as they meticulously apply wax to fabric. They utilize dingklik, which compels them to sit in a slightly hunched position. The repeated adoption of such postures can heighten the risk of lower back pain. This research aims to investigate the relationship between work posture, years of service, and the incidence of low back pain among "nyanting" batik artisans in Pulorejo Village Methods: This observational analytical research employed a cross-sectional approach with 42 "nyanting" batik artisans chosen through a total sampling technique. Conducted in Pulorejo Village in January 2024, the research assessed work posture using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) instrument, while the occurrence of low back pain was evaluated through history taking and physical examination. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 25.0 software. Results: A significant positive correlation was found between years of service and the occurrence of low back pain (LBP) (p=0.002; r=0.471). The risk of LBP increases with the length of service. Additionally, there was a significant positive correlation between working posture, as indicated by the REBA score, and the occurrence of LBP (p=0.010; r=0.395). A higher REBA score corresponds to a greater risk of LBP. Conclusions: the Years of service and the working posture were associated to the incidence of low back pain (LBP) among "nyanting" batik artisans in Pulorejo Village.

From Rib Hump to Baby Hump-Common Questions of Patients Suffering from and Undergoing Treatment for Scoliosis-A Comprehensive Literature Review.

Background: Scoliosis, the most prevalent spinal deformity in children, is often associated with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Curves surpassing 50 degrees can deteriorate, especially thoracic curves, leading to pulmonary limitations. Surgical intervention is usually advised for curvatures exceeding 50 degrees to halt further progression. Severe AIS is notably more frequent in females, yet knowledge regarding subsequent pregnancies and associated risks is scarce. Female patients often inquire about conception, pregnancy, labor, and future back pain (BP) concerns. Reports on the long-term outcomes after pediatric AIS treatment and pregnancy consequences remain limited. Uncertainty looms over the likelihood of increased back pain (BP), cesarean sections (CSs), or other pregnancy-related issues following surgical AIS management. In this investigation, an attempt was made to scrutinize the existing research on individuals afflicted with scoliosis who received either conservative or surgical treatment, with the aim of delineating crucial and pragmatic findings that can serve as a compass for spine surgeons when counseling young patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis regarding the ailment, its repercussions, the available treatment modalities, and the associated outcomes. A comprehensive analysis pinpointed the optimal data at hand. Consequently, the primary objective of this investigation was to assess the patient-reported and clinical consequences in scoliosis patients who have undergone segmental posterior fusion and subsequently conceived. Conclusions: While the majority of individuals with AIS are capable of conceiving and bearing children, they may encounter greater challenges in fertility than healthy women unaffected by AIS. Pregnant women with a prior history of spinal fusion for AIS can undergo pregnancy and childbirth with no significant escalation in perinatal complications. Women who have undergone surgical procedures for AIS have been observed to exhibit a prevalence of back pain comparable with that of healthy pregnant women; however, a higher incidence of low back pain is evident when spinal fusion is extended to the L3 or L4 vertebra. Although back pain is a common occurrence in pregnant women with AIS, the spinal alterations induced by pregnancy are typically minor and transient. In comparison with healthy women, individuals with a history of spinal fusion necessitate cesarean sections more frequently. The degree of correction loss during pregnancy is lower in previous reports involving pedicle screw instrumentation than in previous reports involving Harrington or hybrid segmental instrumentation.

Efficacy of American physical therapy clinical practice guidelines in treating lower back pain among track and field athletes

Lower back pain has a significant impact on track and field athletes, affecting their performance and quality of life. This study explores the application of the American Physical Therapy Clinical Practice Guidelines (APTA Guidelines) in the management of lower back pain at this level. The physical therapy in the United States, which has a history of over 75 years, includes unarmed therapy, coordination, muscle endurance training, hip mobility therapy, stretching exercises, lower limb nerve mobility surgery, traction... It provides a solid framework for the treatment of lower back pain. In this paper, we explore these treatment methods in the context of track and field competitions and evaluate their effectiveness in meeting the specific needs of athletes. In addition, we also verified the research status of the incidence of low back pain in track and field athletes, identified its causes, and proposed an effective treatment scheme using massage, acupuncture and moxibustion treatment, therapeutic sports and other methods. The results indicate that the use of APTA guidelines can significantly alleviate athletes lower back pain, helping them better perform and recover. This study helps to further discuss how to improve clinical practice to manage specific injuries.

Studi Komparasi Sikap Kerja dengan Kejadian Low Back Pain Pada Perajin Rebana Desa Bungah Kecamatan Bungah Kabupaten Gresik

Musculoskeletal is a system that often experiences increased loads and injuries in every job, including tambourine craftsmen. Data shows that 95% of tambourine craftsmen experience musculoskeletal complaints, of which 55% occur in the lower back area, 20% in the right shoulder area, 15% in the left shoulder area and 10% experience cramps. Objective: This research is to analyze the comparison of work attitudes with the incidence of lower back pain in tambourine craftsmen in Bungah Village, Bungah District, Gresik Regency). Method: Cross sectional survey research design with observation. The population is all tambourine craftsmen in Bungah Village, Bungah District, Gresik Regency, totaling 150 people. Meanwhile, the sample size was 110 respondents taken using simple random sampling. The independent variables are sitting work attitude and standing work attitude, while the dependent variable is the incidence of low back pain. The instrument uses a closed questionnaire. Analysis uses the Chi-Square test with alpha 0.05. Results: Research shows that almost all of the working attitudes of tambourine craftsmen (83.6%) are ergonomic sitting working attitudes, while the majority (69.1%) are standing working attitudes with low risk. Almost all complaints of low back pain among tambourine crafters (79.1%) were not low back pain. The Chi-Square test results for the sitting work attitude have a p value = 0.000 &lt; 0.05 with OR = 18.400, and for the standing work attitude the p value = 0.000 &lt; 0.05 with OR = 3.091. Conclusion: There is a difference in work attitude regarding the incidence of low back pain in tambourine craftsmen with a sitting work attitude having a greater risk level than standing. Monotonous work positions should be avoided and stretching should be done so that muscles do not become stiff and symptoms of lower back pain can be avoided.

Long-term follow-up of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery with Harrington instrumentations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

In the 1960s, Harrington instrumentation (HRI) revolutionized the surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Despite the transition to more innovative techniques, concerns regarding its impact on sagittal alignment, associations with low back pain, and correction loss have consistently persisted. The aim of this meta-analysis is precisely to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes, as well as the complications of patients treated with HRI over an extended follow-up period. A systematic search of articles about AIS patients who underwent HRI and reported long-term outcomes (> 10years) was conducted on electronic databases according to PRISMA guidelines. Data regarding radiographic and clinical outcomes were extracted and meta-analyses were performed. Eleven studies comprising 644 patients were included. The mean follow-up ranged from 10.8 to 51.7years. Radiographic analysis revealed a decrease in the main curve Cobb angle from 60.6° to 38.3°, with a correction loss of - 9.49° between postoperative and last follow-up. Concerning sagittal parameters, preoperative thoracic kyphosis was 19.65° at last follow-up, and preoperative lumbar lordosis was 42.94°. Additional spine surgeries were required in 42% of patients. Clinical outcomes varied among studies, but overall, HRI patients showed comparable quality of life and function to controls, although a higher incidence of low back pain was reported. Patients who underwent HRI exhibited suboptimal correction of rib deformity and a flattened sagittal spinal alignment. However, they generally displayed favourable long-term functional outcomes. Despite the implant's tendency to reduce lumbar curvature, patients achieved good clinical outcomes and functional scores comparable to age-matched individuals, suggesting that disability is not an inevitable consequence of lumbar flattening.

On-Site Physiotherapy in Emergency Department Patients Presenting with Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: There is a high incidence of nonspecific Low Back Pain (LBP) in patients visiting Emergency Departments (EDs), but there is a lack of knowledge regarding emergency physiotherapy for LBP. The effect of on-site physiotherapy in these patients was therefore never demonstrated. We assessed short-term outcomes, feasibility and patient satisfaction with physiotherapy in ED patients presenting with nonspecific LBP. Methods: A block-randomized, controlled, open-label trial with a follow-up of 42 days. Patients aged 18 years or older presenting to an ED with nonspecific LBP were prospectively enrolled. Both groups received the same booklet with written information on LBP management and exercises. Patients in the intervention group were given additional instructions by a certified physiotherapist. Results: We included 86 patients in the primary analysis. The median age was 40, and 40.7% were female. At day 7, the median Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was 2 points lower in the intervention group compared to the control group, which was not statistically significant. There was no between-group difference in pain at day 7. Patients who received physiotherapy felt significantly more confident with the exercises they were taught (p = 0.004, effect size = 0.3 [95% CI 0.1 to 0.5]). Conclusions: On-site physiotherapy in ED patients presenting with nonspecific low back pain is associated with higher patient satisfaction, compared to standard of care. The effect of physiotherapy was small, with only minimal improvement in disability, but without a reduction in pain. Despite the very small effect size, physiotherapeutic interventions should be investigated in larger cohorts with an extended intervention including patient education, exercises, and other physiotherapeutic modalities.

Job stress and chronic low back pain: incidence, number of episodes, and severity in a 4-year follow-up of the ELSA-Brasil Musculoskeletal cohort.

We investigated the association between job stress, as assessed by the effort-reward imbalance model, and the incidence of chronic low back pain (CLBP) over a 4-year period. A total of 1733 participants from the ELSA-Brasil Musculoskeletal cohort, who were free from LBP at baseline (2012-2014), were included. Episodes of LBP in the past 30 days, intensity, and the presence of disability were investigated in annual telephone follow-ups (2015-2018). Chronic LBP was defined as episodes of LBP lasting >3 months with at least moderate intensity. We analyzed the incidence of at least one episode of CLBP (yes/no), the number of CLBP episodes (0, 1, ≥2), and CLBP severity/disability (absent, nondisabling, severe/disabling). The association between these outcomes and tertiles of the effort-to-reward ratio, as well as each dimension of the effort-reward imbalance model, was investigated using multinomial logistic and Poisson regression models adjusting for sociodemographic and occupational variables. The cumulative incidence of CLBP over 4 years was 24.8%. High effort-reward imbalance increased the chances of experiencing multiple CLBP episodes and severe/disabling CLBP by 67% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-2.47) and 70% (95% CI: 1.14-2.53), respectively. High overcommitment increased the incidence of CLBP by 23% (95% CI: 1.01-1.50) and the chances of multiple CLBP episodes and severe/disabling CLBP by 67% (95% CI: 1.11-2.50) and 57% (95% CI: 1.05-2.34), respectively. These results indicate that exposure to job stress is associated with a higher incidence, a greater number of episodes, and increased severity of CLBP over a 4-year period. If this association is causal, measures aimed at reducing exposure to job stress are likely to alleviate the burden of CLBP.

Effect of Sitting Positions on Lower Back Pain among Office Workers: A Case Study at the Directorate General of New, Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation (EBTKE) in 2022

A condition known as lower back pain occurs when the back hurts so much that it makes routine tasks difficult. Employees who use computers for work and spend much time sitting during the day can pose ergonomic risks. This research aims to determine whether the incidence of low back pain in employees of the Office of the Directorate General of New, Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation (EBTKE) in 2022 is related to sitting posture while working. An analytical survey with a cross-sectional approach is the research method used. The research tool used is a questionnaire that collects primary data. After the data was calculated using the Slovin method, 53 respondents were selected randomly and used as samples. The results showed that there was no relationship between the division of departments (p=0.68) and the incidence of low back pain, but there was a relationship between sitting posture (p=0.605) and this condition, there was no relationship between slouched posture (p0.001) and conditions, and there was no relationship between the amount of time spent sitting at work (p=0.105).

The prevalence of neck pain, back pain and low back pain among third-year medical students at universities in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre in times of Covid-19

Objective: To determine the prevalence of cervical, dorsal and lumbar pain caused by switching to remote classes during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: This is an original article based on a cross-sectional study among men and women over the age of 18 who are third-year medical students to assess the incidence of neck pain, back pain and low back pain, using online forms with questions about physical and mental health. Results: Around 60% of the participants said they had adapted their study environment because of the remote classes, with a further 70% saying they were attending classes in the office, with their backs poorly supported. In addition, there was a low number of overweight students who performed daily stretching. Conclusion: The data was analyzed using tables, descriptive statistics and the statistical test: Mann-Whitney Non-parametric Test and Krsukal-Wallis Non-parametric Test and the importance of further research was highlighted, given that this research topic is essential for the prevention of possible comorbidities.

Causes of low back pain (LBP) in women without pregnancy, in relation to different age groups during the reproductive period, are primarily treated as musculoskeletal disorders: a retrospective study

Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) is a musculoskeletal disorder of several causes that can mess up the spine. It is characterized by pain, stiffness or muscle tension and is usually localized in the lumber region. – During their working years, people frequently experience low back pain. Approximately 84% of adults experience LBP once or more during their lifetime. In Bangladesh, wt. related prevalence of LBP is 18.5% and age group 18-34 years prevalence are 10.5% and &gt;55 years 27.8%, average 19.2%, which is more in women 27.2% than men. Pain in the soft tissue of the back is extremely common among adults and often affects individuals during their working years. LBP in women, is strongly linked to hormonal and reproductive factors, the work environment and lifestyle. Females frequently experience lower abdominal and back pain at reproductive age, usually due to PMS, PMDD, dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, pregnancy, menopause, muscle spasms, arthritis, UTI, PID, HTN, DM, obesity, multiple C/S tracts and lower abdominal operations, all of which cause RAD, osteoporosis, vertebral and intervertebral disc diseases (PLID, herniation, slipping etc.). The L4 and L5 neural arches are involved in the transmission of a considerable load. Therefore, the joints between the articular facets of L4 and L5,- are sites of LBP. Low back pain (LBP) was diagnosed by history and clinical examination according to the Pain Scale. To determine the cause of HELLP syndrome/causes by routine investigations and sometimes abdominal ultrasonography (USG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is needed. Treatment of LBP depends on the cause. When a definite lesion is not found, the patient should be informed and reassured about the treatment of LBP. Purpose/Objective of the study: To identify the causes of LBP and prevalence of LBP in women of reproductive age excluding pregnant individuals and establish referral guidelines. Methodology: This was a retrospective (observational) cross sectional study jointly conducted by Orthopedics and Gynecology Expertise in the North-East region, named the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh. Female patients were considered to be of reproductive age for the last three (3) years (2020 - 2022) at the Z&amp;J fellows medical institution. The data were collected from the medical records of computer databases with preset questionnaires and written informed consent. The 1st part of the questionnaire consisted of questions about the causes of LBP, and the 2nd part consisted of LBP-related questionnaires. Patients were selected by the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were analyzed with SPSS 25.0 statistical software, MS Word and Excel version 2010. Descriptive statistics were analyzed, i.e. - frequency, central tendency and dispersion, i.e. range, standard deviation and variance. Tests of “proportions” and “significance” were performed via sample t-tests and ANOVA. Statistical data analysis was used to evaluate the correlation of LBP incidence and intensity (%) with age, BMI, disease status, marital status, obstetric history, working history and posture of reproductive-age women. Summary: LBP has multiple causes. In retrospective studies, there is no way to predict the prevalence of causes rather, the prevalence of causes can be determined before patients are affected. In our study, we explored the causes of LBP in women according to age, BMI, local and systemic diseases, marital history, obstetric history, working history and posture. The prevalence of LBP was greater in the 41-50 years age group (34.7%) and in the 20-30 years age group (34.2%). Moreover, overweight and obesity are associated with LBP. Overall 5.3% and 12.8% of the participants were overweight and obese, respectively, and were aged &gt;20-30 years with LBP. Patient age, BMI, disease status, marital status, obstetric history and working history had no effect on any of the patients, but some patients had LBP; overweight, obesity, age group and working posture had direct effects on LBP incidence (p&gt;0.05). LBP is more common in women- than in men and may be due to household activities and a greater frequency of visceral pain during menstruation, pregnancy and labor. Conclusion: Low back pain (LBP) can occur in multiple physical conditions in women of reproductive age except during pregnancy and can disrupt the back tissues of the lumbosacral region. Women are more susceptible to LBP because of menstrual and obstetric factors. A diagnosis was made by obtaining a meticulous detailed medical history, performing a physical examination and performing proper investigations. The causal parameters revealed that LBP had no effect on any of the patients, but women of reproductive age may suffer from LBP due to differences in cause.

Investigating The Link Between Sitting Habits And Low Back Pain In Administrative Staff: A Cross-Sectional Study

The research aims to determine the relationship between sitting habits (position and duration) and the occurrence of low back pain in administrative employees at the Regional General Hospital of Prof. Dr. H. M. Anwar Makkatutu Bantaeng Regency in 2024. This study employs a quantitative descriptive design with cross-sectional study. A sample of 28 participants from 30 populations based on inclusion criteria using total sampling techniques. Data analysis used the chi-square test (X2) and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) with a confidence level of 95%. Based on the analysis, there is a relationship between sitting position and the incidence of low back pain (p= 0.025), the level of relationship is moderate (ρ=0,573), and there is a relationship between sitting duration and the occurrence of low back pain (p= 0.044), the level of relationship is moderate (ρ=0.534).

Prevalence of Low Back Pain in Plantar Fasciitis Patients

Background: In India, the most typical form of heel pain is plantar, which results in inflammation of plantar fascia sometimes and can be seen in every age group. This condition mainly includes inflammation of plantar fascia and can be treated conservatively. It may cause many secondary symptoms along with it, and pain in back region is one of them. The purpose of this study is to discover how prevalent low back pain was in individuals who had plantar fasciitis. Objectives: Objectives are to evaluate the pain associated with plantar fasciitis, assess the low back pain and lastly check the prevalence of low back pain in plantar fasciitis patients by using different methods. Method: A convenience sampling method consisted of 65 participants were selected in relation with inclusion and exclusion criteria. The information collected, which comprises questionnaires and demographic data. Two standardised questionnaires were used, i.e., one to check the ability of an individual on the basis of plantar fasciitis and another to check the back pain especially in lower region. Both scales were given to 65 individuals one by one. First the foot’s capability calculated, and then pain in lower back region was checked. The prevalence was calculated on the basis of both scale responses with the help of statistical analysis. Results: The outcomes of the statistical study indicated that, the incidence of low back pain is prevalent of individual’s foot disability in plantar fasciitis patients. Conclusion: Findings show that the prevalence of low back pain is higher if plantar fasciitis has become chronic in the patient, and if the foot’s ability is maximal, low back pain is minimal, and vice versa.

The prevalence, incidence and management of low back pain with radiating leg pain in Dutch general practice: A population-based cohort study in the Rijnmond Primary Care Database.

Radiating leg pain is common in patients with low back pain (LBP). In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence and incidence of LBP with radiating leg pain in Dutch general practice, and to describe the prescribed medications and requested imaging diagnostics. The Rijnmond Primary Care Database containing over 500,000 primary care patients was used to select patients ≥18 years with LBP with radiating leg pain between 2013 and 2021. Data on patient characteristics, LBP episodes, prescribed medication and requested imaging in the first 3 months of an episode was extracted. Descriptive statistics were used to present patient characteristics and diagnostic/therapeutic interventions. A total of 27,695 patients were included. The total number of LBP with radiating leg pain episodes in these patients was 36,268. In 2021, the incidence and prevalence were 19.1 and 25.7 per 1000 patient years, respectively. In 60% of patients, the episode duration was shorter than 1 month. In 62% of the episodes, patients visited the general practitioner (GP) one to two times. In 59% of the episodes, at least one medication was prescribed, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) being the most common one (45%). In approximately 11% of the episodes, additional diagnostic imaging was requested. LBP with radiating leg pain is common in Dutch general practice patients. About 2/3rd were prescribed pain medications. Dutch request few to none diagnostic imaging for these patients which is in line with clinical practice guidelines. In this new study, we have gained insights into the incidence and prevalence of LBP with radiating leg pain in Dutch general practice. Both remained fairly stable over the study period of 9 years (2013-2021). Overall, the care burden regarding seeking contact with the GPs and the requested diagnostics seem not to be that high. In 62% of the care episodes, there were one or two consultations with the GP, and in 11% of the episodes a diagnostic imaging was requested. Pain medications frequently prescribed (i.e. 2/3rd of the episodes), with NSAIDs being the most common ones.