Incidence Rates Of Non-fatal Injuries Research Articles

문제음주수준과 비치명적 손상 간의 관련성

Objective: The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence rate of nonfatal injuries and to examine the relationship between problem drinking and nonfatal injuries in adults. Methods: A representative nationwide sample was taken from the 5th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; 15,046 adults were used for our analyses. The data consisted of self-reported answers to questions about injuries, drinking patterns, health behaviors, physical disabilities, and psychosocial characteristics. The incidence rate of nonfatal injuries was estimated by asking, "Have you ever experienced any injuries or poisoning serious enough to see a doctor in the past year?" The level of problem drinking was evaluated by AUDIT. The odds ratios of nonfatal injuries given levels of problem drinking and related factors were examined by multivariate logistic regression. Results: The incidence rate of nonfatal injuries was 7.2%. High rates were found in males, those who were single, recipients of medical aid, smokers, and exercisers with low muscle flexibility. The odds ratios of nonfatal injuries were 1.4 (95% CI: 1.01-1.91) for alcohol abusers and 1.6 (95% CI: 1.15-2.14) for alcohol-dependent individuals compared to social drinkers, after controlling for sociodemographic factors, health-related behaviors, physical disabilities, and psychosocial characteristics. Conclusion: The higher the level of problem drinking, the more nonfatal injuries occur. The results of this study imply that prevention and reduction of the burden of injury could be accomplished by devising policies to reduce alcohol-related problems.

Characteristics and related factors of nonfatal injuries among adolescents and college students in Shenzhen city of China

BackgroundInjuries impact adolescents and young adults in unique ways. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence rate of nonfatal injuries, and identify characteristics and risk factors for the injuries among adolescents and college students in Shenzhen, China.MethodsA total of 4,138 students from 79 classes were selected using a purposive sampling method in 2010. The questionnaire included personal demographics, behavioral factors, and self-perceived agrypnia. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the risk factors of injury.ResultsThe annual incidence rate of nonfatal injuries was 13.5%. Injuries were significantly correlated with gender (boys vs. girls, adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30-1.93) and self-perceived agrypnia (sometimes vs. no, adjusted OR, 1.64, 95% CI, 1.31-2.05; often vs. no, adjusted OR, 2.34, 95% CI, 1.74-3.14), attending PE class ( >2 classes/week vs. ≤ 2 classes/week, adjusted OR, 1.25, 95% CI, 1.04-1.51), sexual behaviors (yes vs. no, adjusted OR, 1.46, 95% CI, 1.03-2.07), physical fighting (yes vs. no, adjusted OR, 1.84, 95% CI, 1.49-2.28), alcohol consumption (yes vs. no, adjusted OR, 1.29, 95% CI, 1.06-1.59), unsafe cycling (yes vs. no, adjusted OR, 1.47, 95% CI, 1.20-1.80) and skating in unsafe places (yes vs. no, adjusted OR, 1.57, 95% CI, 1.10-2.24). Additionally, falls were the leading cause of injuries, and gymnasiums of schools were the most-reported places where injuries occurred.ConclusionsNonfatal injuries have turned into a pressing public health problem among adolescents and college students in Shenzhen, China. Strategies targeting the risk factors may be effective for the prevention of injuries.

An epidemiological survey on the incidence of non-fatal injury and influencing factors among children under 5 years old in China

To determine the incidence of non-fatal injuries and related influencing factors among children under 5 years old in China. Data involving 10 819 children under 5 years old was from the Fourth National Health Service Survey of China. Injury-related indicators include: history of ever having had an injury, its frequency, cause, location and severity of the injury. A two-level Poisson regression was used to examine the significance of related socio-economic variables. The overall incidence rate of nonfatal injuries among children under 5 years old was 16.0 per 1000 population in the prior 12 months. The first three leading causes of non-fatal injuries were falls, animal bite, fire/burn among children under 1 year old, with the rates as 3.9, 1.8 and 1.8 per 1000 population, respectively. For children aged 1 to 4 years old, the first three leading causes were animal bite, fall, fire/burn with rates as 6.5, 6.0 and 2.9 per 1000 population, respectively. 83.0% and 69.0% of last injuries occurred at home for the above said two age groups. No disability was found among children younger than 1 year old who suffered from a nonfatal injury while for the 1 - 4 age group, the disability accounted for 1.0% of injury-induced outcomes. After adjusting other variables, boys had 1.57 times the risk of injury compared with girls in the 1 - 4 age group (P < 0.05). The differences on the effects regarding ethnicity, per capita household income, and place were insignificant (P > 0.05). None of the socio-economic variables was found that significantly related to the non-fatal injury risk among children under 1 year old (P > 0.05). The incidence of nonfatal injuries among children under 5 years old was 16.0 per 1000 population in the prior 12 months. The three leading causes of injuries were animal bite, falls, fire/burn respectively. Home was the most common place that non-fatal injuries occurred. Boys had a higher risk of injury compared with girls among children aged 1 to 4 years old and the difference was significant.

Utilizing United States Coast Guard Data to Calculate Incidence Rates and Identify Risk Factors for Occupational Fishing Injuries in New Jersey

ABSTRACT Commercial fishing has high rates of work-related injury and death and needs preventive strategies. Work-related fatal and nonfatal injury rates for New Jersey (NJ) commercial fishermen who suffered unintentional traumatic injuries from 2001 to 2007 are calculated using data from the United States Coast Guard (USCG) Marine Safety and Pollution Database and estimated denominator data. Fatalities were compared to those ascertained by the NJ Fatality Assessment Control and Evaluation (FACE) surveillance system. For the study years, 225 nonfatal injuries and 31 fatal injuries were reported. Among nonfatal injuries, the causes by frequency were fall onto surface, crushed between objects, struck by moving object, line handling/caught in lines, collision with fixed objects, fall into water, and other noncontact injuries. The distribution of fatal injuries differed, with the most frequent cause as crushed between objects. Falls into water and several noncontact injuries accounted for most of the other fatalities. The large majority (96%) of nonfatal injuries were contact injuries, whereas only 68% of fatalities were classified as contact. The overall incidence rate of nonfatal injuries was 1188 per 100,000 full-time equivalents (FTEs) per year. The rate varied considerably by year, from a low of 286 per 100,000 FTEs in 2001 and 2007 to 3806 per 100,000 FTEs in 2003. The overall occupational fatality rate over the period 2001–2007 was 164 per 100,000 FTEs per year. These results can aid in targeting the commercial fishing industry for injury prevention strategies and interventions, especially for falls, crushing injuries, and drownings.

Childhood injuries in Pakistan: results from two communities.

The study aimed at determining the incidence, nature, and extent of childhood injuries in two suburban and rural communities of Pakistan. The findings of the study are based on a cross-sectional survey of 2,292 children aged 1-8 years. Information was sought retrospectively from the primary caregiver on the occurrence of injury that required formal or informal medical consultation during the past three months. The incidence rate of non-fatal injuries that required care outside home for children aged 1-8 years was 19.7 injuries per 100 person (child)-years of exposure [95% confidence interval (CI) 16.41-23.51]: 26.5 injuries per 100 person (child)-years of exposure (95% CI 21.31-32.63) in the suburban area and 12.1 injuries per 100 person (child)-years of exposure (95% CI 8.68-16.66) in the rural area. The most common non-fatal injuries were falls (10.5 fall injuries per 100 person (child)-years of exposure), bums and scalds (3.5 burn injuries per 100 person (child)-years of exposure), and road traffic injuries (RTIs) (2 RTIs per 100 person (child)-years of exposure). One fatality due to drowning was also reported during the study period. The difference among sex was highly significant (p = 0.03). Boys (60%) were at a higher risk of injuries compared to girls (40%). The data also revealed that 61% of the injuries took place inside the home. The magnitude of childhood injuries in the two communities was significant compared to the findings of the National Health Survey of Pakistan (1990-1994). The fact that the majority (61%) of the injuries occurred inside the home raises many questions in relation to the household hazards and adequacy of safety and child-proofing measures in these households. There is a need to develop community-based interventions, creating awareness about the consequences of childhood injuries and educating families about preventive measures to reduce the incidence of injuries during early and middle childhood.

Non-fatal injuries among Chinese aged 65 years and older: findings from the Fourth National Health Services Survey

ObjectiveTo understand the epidemiology of non-fatal injuries among adults aged 65 years and older in China.DesignCross-sectional survey (the Fourth National Health Services Survey of China).ParticipantsUrban and rural residents aged 65...

Occupational injuries and illnesses in the sawmill industry of Alberta

A comprehensive Workers Compensation Board of Alberta claims database for the sawmill industry describing 3779 claims was analyzed for the years 1997–2002. A total of 48,025 days were lost due to claim and total claims cost were $ 8,640,886.06. The objectives of this descriptive study were to: identify claims trends in terms of nature of injury, type of accident or exposure, source of injury, and body part injured; determine the effect of work experience and worker age on the above classifications; assess the impact of observed claims trends in terms of cost and duration of claim; and compare incidence rates of nonfatal injuries resulting in workers compensation board claims in Alberta, Canada to those reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in the United States. The majority of injuries resulting in claims were experienced by males 24–35 years of age with 1–6 months of work experience. Musculoskeletal injuries were the most common nature of injury (46.7%). The upper extremity was the most frequently injured region of the body (45.5%). The majority of claims (54.5%) were defined as lost time claims and 46% as medical aid only. Comparison of the incidence rates of specific injury/illness characteristic categories indicate that incidence rates reported by the BLS based on the survey of occupational injuries and illness are not representative of incidence rates observed in Alberta, Canada. Relevance to industry The description of injury trends within the sawmill industry stands to positively impact the effectiveness of prevention and rehabilitation programs addressing workplace injuries/illnesses. In addition, comparison of incidence rates observed in Alberta to those estimated by the Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses provides a useful insight into the differences between the respective statistical sources.