Trends In Incidence Research Articles

Improving the Clinical Utility of Platelet Count for Cancer Detection in Primary Care: A Cohort Study in England, Canada, and Australia.

The platelet count, a component of the full blood count, has been identified as a useful diagnostic marker for cancer in primary care. The reference range for the platelet count is 150 to 400 or 450 × 109/L; this range does not account for natural variation in platelet count by age and sex. This study used three primary care cohorts from England, Canada, and Australia. Patients aged 40 years and over with a full blood count were included and stratified by age (in 10-year bands), sex, (male/female), and platelet count group. Cancer incidence within one year of the test date was estimated from linked registry data. In all three countries, there was a clear upwards trend in cancer incidence with increasing platelet count for both sexes and at all age groups. Lung and colorectal were the most common sites. These results have important implications for the international application of this work; analysis of local health datasets will be crucial to determining appropriate thresholds. Appropriate upper thresholds will depend on local populations, healthcare needs, and priorities. Further research is needed to assess the likely impact of new recommendations on the healthcare system, on cancer outcomes, and patient benefit.

The disease burden of bladder cancer and its attributable risk factors in five Eastern Asian countries, 1990–2019: a population-based comparative study

BackgroundsThe study aimed to estimate bladder cancer burden and its attributable risk factors in China, Japan, South Korea, North Korea and Mongolia from 1990 to 2019, to discuss the potential causes of the disparities.MethodsData were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) were calculated by Joinpoint analysis, and the independent age, period and cohort effects were estimated by age-period-cohort analysis.ResultsIn 2019, the highest incidence (7.70 per 100,000) and prevalence (51.09 per 100,000) rates of bladder cancer were in Japan, while the highest mortality (2.31 per 100,000) and DALY rates (41.88 per 100,000) were in South Korea and China, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates increased in China, Japan and South Korea (AAPC > 0) and decreased in Mongolia (AAPC < 0), while mortality and DALY rates decreased in all five countries (AAPC < 0). Age effects showed increasing trends for incidence, mortality and DALY rates, while the prevalence rates increased first and then decreased in older groups. The cohort effects showed downward trends from 1914–1918 to 2004–2008. Smoking was the greatest contributor and males had the higher burden than females.ConclusionBladder cancer was still a major public health problem in East Asia. Male and older population suffered from higher risk, and smoking played an important role. It is recommended that more efficient preventions and interventions should be operated among high-risk populations, thereby reduce bladder cancer burden in East Asia.

Incidence Trends in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer in Young Adults: A Nationwide Time-Trend Analysis Using 2001-2019 US Cancer Statistics Databases.

Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers, comprising malignancies of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, pancreas, liver, biliary tract, and gallbladder, are the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States and are associated with significant comorbidities. Recent studies show a disproportionate rise in pancreatic and stomach cancer among young adults. This study aims to use a nationwide, population-based cohort to (i) evaluate the trend of all UGI cancer as an aggregate and (ii) examine the role of demographics, histology, and tumor stage in UGI cancer incidence among young adults. Individuals diagnosed with UGI cancer in the United States from 2001 to 2019 were identified and obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-National Program of Cancer Registries database. The primary outcomes were incidence rates of UGI cancer (calculated per 100,000, age-adjusted to the year 2000 US population), stratified by sex and age (< 55 years for young adults and ≥ 55 years for older adults). Trends, annual percentage change, and average annual percentage change were calculated using the parametric method. Sensitivity analysis was performed according to primary site and histology; further analysis examining race and cancer stage was performed in the young adult subgroup. A total of 2,333,161 patients with UGI cancer were identified. Most cases were male, and 14.3% were < 55 years of age. Incidence of UGI cancer increased most in women younger than 55 years, driven primarily by pancreatic and stomach cancers, as well as neuroendocrine tumor and gastrointestinal stromal tumor histology. African American race and localized tumors and malignancy with distant spread are also contributing to the disparate increase among young women. UGI mortality rates have not changed significantly in young adults. The overall incidence rate of upper gastrointestinal cancer is increasing significantly in young women compared with men. Increased endoscopic procedures and disparate exposure to risk factors are likely contributing to these trends.

Trends in hip fracture rates in US male veterans.

In the United States, the annual incidence of osteoporotic hip fracture is estimated to be 250,000 to 300,000; the one-year mortality in some studies has been as high as 32%. Reports that hip fracture rates in US women 65years and older may no longer be declining led to this investigation of hip fracture in men, a less studied population. We assessed the trends in the incidence of hip fracture in US male veterans 50years and older of age as well as the rates of diagnosis and treatment in such men. We assessed the recent trends of hip fracture incidence in a nation-wide male veteran population 50years and older of age. Using data from the US Veterans Affairs Informatics and Computing Infrastructure (VINCI) 2002-2019, we calculated the annual age-standardized hip fracture incidence. Secondary objectives included evaluating the annual proportion of hip fracture patients who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) before or after the fracture and/or received osteoporosis medication after the hip fracture over the study period. Hip fracture incidence increased in male veterans from 2006 to 2019. Fewer than 6% of men underwent a DXA scan and fewer than 0.5% received osteoporosis medications up to two years after a hip fracture. Despite available screening methods such as DXAs and medications for primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures, hip fracture incidence is not decreasing in older male veterans. Our study highlights a need for closerattention to fracture risk in men.

Adult Hodgkin lymphoma incidence trends in the United States from 2000 to 2020

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a rare malignancy affecting the lymphatic system. Our study examined the incidence rates of adult HL based on sex, race/ethnicity, age, and histological subgroups in the United States (US) from 2000 to 2020. Data for this study were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 22 database. HL patients were identified utilizing the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology version 3 and categorized as classical HL, lymphocyte-rich/mixed cell/lymphocyte depleted, nodular sclerosis, classical HL, not otherwise specified, and nodular lymphocyte-predominant HL. The study reported average annual percent change (AAPC). All estimates were presented as counts and age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) per 100,000 individuals. Between 2000 and 2019, a total of 70,924 cases of HL were reported in the US. Classical HL was the predominant subtype (94.27%), and most incident cases were among non-Hispanic Whites (66.92%) and those aged 20–29 years (24.86%). The ASIR per 100,000 population was 3.83 for men and 2.92 for women. Both sexes showed declines in the AAPCs between 2000 and 2019 (− 0.64% [− 0.99, − 0.28] and − 0.40% [− 0.77, − 0.03] for men and women, respectively). There was a significant decrease in ASIRs after COVID-19 among both sexes (percent change: − 7.49% [− 11.58, − 3.40]). Throughout all age groups, men had a higher incidence rate compared to women, except for those aged 20–29 years. Although the overall HL incidence rate was lowered in the study period from 2000 to 2019, a dramatic decrease in ASIRs of HL patients following COVID-19 pandemic was observed.

Trends in Invasive Melanoma Thickness in Norway, 1983-2019.

Monitoring melanoma incidence time trends by tumour thickness is essential to understanding the evolution of melanoma occurrence and guiding prevention strategies. To assess long-term incidence trends, tumour thickness was extracted from pathology reports in the Cancer Registry of Norway (1983-2007) and the Norwegian Melanoma Registry (2008-2019), n = 45,635 patients. Across all anatomic sites, T1 (≤ 1 mm) incidence increased most (men annual percentage change [AAPC] = 4.6, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 4.2-5.0; women AAPC = 3.2, 95% CI 2.8-3.6); the increase was steep until 1989/90, followed by a plateau, and a further steep increase from 2004/05. Increased incidence was also observed for T2 (>1.0-2.0) melanoma (men AAPC = 2.8, 95% CI 2.4-3.2; women AAPC = 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-1.9), and T3 (>2.0-4.0) in men (AAPC = 1.4, 95% CI 0.9-1.9). T4 (>4.0) melanoma followed a similar overall pattern (men AAPC = 1.3, 95% CI 0.9-1.7, head/neck, upper limbs, and trunk; women AAPC = 0.9, 95% CI 0.4-1.4, upper limbs and trunk). Men had the highest T3 and T4 incidence and the sex difference increased with age. Regarding birth cohorts, age-specific incidence increased in all T categories in the oldest age groups, while stabilizing in younger patients born after 1950. Overall, the steep increase in T1 melanoma was not accompanied by a decrease in thick melanoma.

Trends in incidence and mortality for gynaecological cancers in Southeastern China during 2011–2020: a retrospective analysis of registry data

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the changes in the incidence and mortality trends of ovarian cancer (OC), cervical cancer (CC) and uterine cancer (UC) in the Fujian Province, southeastern China.DesignProvincial,...

Evolution of Home Mechanical Ventilation in Sweden Over 27 Years: Changing Trends in Incidence, Prevalence, and Patient Characteristics - The Population-Based DISCOVERY Study

BackgroundHome mechanical ventilation (HMV), non-invasive ventilation (NIV) or invasive ventilation (IV) outside a hospital setting is a key treatment to improve outcomes in chronic hypoventilation. Research questionWhat are the temporal trends observed over 27 years in Sweden regarding the incidence, prevalence, diagnostic spectrum, and patient characteristics associated with HMV? Study design and methodsNational, population-based, longitudinal analysis of the DISCOVERY study of patients initiating HMV between 1996 and 2022. Time trends stratified by the underlying diagnosis group (lung disease, predominantly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), restrictive thoracal diseases (RTD), obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), neuromuscular diseases (NMD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and other neurological disorders) were analysed using linear regression models. ResultsWe included 10,555 patients ≥16 years (aged 63±15 years, 50 % women). Between 1996-98 and 2020-22, the HMV incidence increased threefold to 7/100,000, and the prevalence sixfold to 33/100,000. The most common indication for incident HMV shifted from RTD (35% in 1996-98 to 3% in 2020-22) to lung disease (14 to 31%), OHS (23 TO 33%), and ALS (4 TO 14%) by 2020-22 (p<0.001). The proportion of women increased from 47% to 54% (p<0.013, and the age at initiation of HMV increased from 58±15 to 66±14 years (p<0.001). Lung function measured as vital capacity at treatment start increased significantly in all diagnosis groups except for OHS, where both VC and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) decreased. In the registry's first and last three-year periods, the proportion of patients ventilated invasively decreased from 10% to 2% (p<0.001). ConclusionIn 27 years to 2022, the incidence and prevalence of HMV in Sweden have increased markedly, patient demography has changed, and IV has decreased. The average age of patients initiated on HMV has increased, but treatment is started earlier in the disease trajectory.

A Retrospective Study on Risk Factors, Clinical Presentation AndManagementOfEctopic Pregnancy In Tertiary Care Centre, Rajasthan

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is not an uncommon condition and is potentially a life-threatening emergency. There is a rising trend in incidence which necessitates the gynecologists to have comprehensive knowledge about the disease. Aim of the study: To determine the incidence, risk factors, clinical features and management. Materials and Methods: This study is conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Umaid Hospital, Jodhpur. It is a retrospective descriptive study on patients who presented to our department with clinical features of ectopic pregnancy and later confirmed with intraoperative findings or ultrasound, in the 6 month period from January 2024 to June 2024. Results: A total of 84 patients were diagnosed to have ectopic pregnancy with an incidence of 1.8 percent. Previous ectopic pregnancy found in 3.57% of pregnancy. Tubal surgeries were carried out in 4.7% . H/O previous abortion/MTP found in 26.19% of cases . Previous abdominopelvic surgeries including caesarean sections were responsible for 22.61% of ectopic pregnancy. PID was found in 16.6% of cases History of tuberculosis was found in 3.57% of cases. In this study, 13.09% cases were using an intrauterine device (IUD) as a method of contraception. Combining OCPs and IUD, 21.39% cases had ectopic pregnancy Surgical treatment with salpingectomy was done in majority of the cases and medical management in 4 patients. Blood transfusions were given in 83.3% of cases. The postoperative period is uneventful in all the cases. Conclusion: Ectopic pregnancy is the leading cause of maternal mortality in first trimester. In spite of advanced diagnostic techniques, it poses great diagnostic difficulties due to varied signs and symptoms. Previous tubal surgery pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility are the risk factors of tubal pregnancy

54853 Trends in Incidence and Mortality of Pleomorphic Dermal Sarcoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using SEER Data

54853 Trends in Incidence and Mortality of Pleomorphic Dermal Sarcoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using SEER Data

Shifting Trends in the Epidemiology of Cervical Spine Injuries: An Analysis of 11,822 Patients from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System over Two Decades.

Cervical spine injuries (CSIs) are heterogeneous in nature and often lead to long-term disability and morbidity. However, there are few recent and comprehensive epidemiological studies on CSI. The objective of this study was to characterize recent trends in CSI patient demographics, incidence, etiology, and injury level. The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was used to extract data on CSIs from 2002 to 2022. Weighted national estimates of CSI incidence were computed using yearly population estimates interpolated from U.S. census data. Data analysis involved extracting additional information from patient narratives to categorize injury etiology (i.e., fall) and identify CSI level. K-means clustering was performed on cervical levels to define upper versus lower cervical injuries. Appropriate summary statistics including mean with 95% confidence intervals and frequency were reported for age, sex, race, ethnicity, etiology, and disposition. Age between groups was compared using an independent weighted Z-test. All categorical variables were compared using Pearson chi-squared tests with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Ordinary least squares linear regression was used to quantify the rate of change of various metrics with time. A total of 11,822 patient records met the study criteria. The mean age of patients was 62.4 ± 22.7 years, 52.4% of whom were male and 61.4% of whom were White, 7.4% were Black, 27.8% were not specified, and the remaining comprised a variety of ethnicities. The most common mechanism of CSI was a fall (67.3%). There was a significant increase in the incidence of cervical injuries between 2003 and 2022 (p < 0.001). Unbiased K-means clustering defined upper cervical injuries as C1-C3 and lower cervical injuries as C4-C7. The mean age of patients with upper CSIs was 72.3 ± 19.6, significantly greater than the age of those with lower CSIs (57.1 ± 23.1, p < 0.001). Compared with lower CSI, White patients were more likely to have an upper CSI (67.4% vs. 73.7%; p < 0.001). While Black/African American (7.5% vs. 3.8%) and Hispanic (2.5% vs. 1.0%) patients were more likely to have a lower CSI (p < 0.001). Our study identified a significant increase in the incidence of CSIs over time, which was associated with increasing patient age. Our study detected a pragmatic demarcation of classifying upper injuries as C1-C3 and lower cervical injuries as C4-C7. Upper injuries were seen more often in older, White females who were treated and admitted, and lower injuries were seen more often in young, Black male patients who were released without admission.

Global, regional, and national burdens of leukemia from 1990 to 2019: A systematic analysis of the global burden of disease in 2019 based on the APC model.

Leukemia is the tenth most common cause of cancer death worldwide and one of the most important causes of disability. To understand the current status and changing trends of the disease burden of leukemia at the global, regional, and national levels, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of leukemia prevention and treatment strategies. Based on open data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019), R software was used to calculate estimated annual percentage changes to estimate trends in the age-standardized incidence (ASIR) and the age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALY) rate due to leukemia and its major subtypes from 1990 to 2019. In 2019, globally, the number of incidences and DALYs of leukemia were 643.6 × 103 (587.0 × 103, 699.7 × 103) and 11,657.5 × 103 (10529.1 × 103, 12700.7 × 103), respectively. The ASIR (estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) = -0.37, 95%UI -0.46 to -0.28) and the age-standardized DALY rate (EAPC = -1.72, 95%UI -1.80 to -1.65) of leukemia showed a decreasing trend from 1990 to 2019. The APC model analysis showed that the age effect of leukemia risk was a "U"-shaped distribution of relative risk (RR) with increasing age from 1990 to 2019, globally. The time effect was an increase in incidence rate with increasing years but a decrease in DALY rate with increasing years. The cohort effects of both incidence and DALY rates tended to increase and then decrease with the development of the birth cohort. In 1990 and 2019, smoking, high body-mass index, occupational exposure to benzene, and occupational exposure to formaldehyde were risk factors for DALY in leukemia, especially in areas with high SDI. From 1990 to 2019, the disease burden of leukemia showed a decreasing trend, but it is worth noting that its overall severity is still very high. The disease burden of leukemia varies greatly from region to region, and exclusive strategies for the prevention and treatment of leukemia should be developed according to the economic and cultural development of each region.

Trends in lung cancer incidence in Iraq during the period 2005-2019

Lung cancer, a prominent global malignancy and a significant contributor to cancer-related deaths, was examined in Iraq from 2005 to 2019 using data from the cancer registry. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR), categorized by sex and age at diagnosis, were analyzed to identify trends, utilizing annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC). During the 2005-2019 period, ASIR was 18.339/100,000 for males and 5.861/100,000 for females. Lung cancer ASIR experienced a notable 48.027% increase, starting at 9.426/100,000 in 2005 and reaching 13.953/100,000 in the most recent year. The rates demonstrated significant growth, with AAPC values of +2.857% for both sexes, +2.495% for males, and +4.474% for females. The highest incidences of lung cancer were among the elderly (70+ years) in both sexes, particularly pronounced in females (8.961%) and males (5.601%). In contrast, the lowest rates were found in individuals aged 0 to 49 years, showing negative APC values: -1.359% (males) and -0.843% (females). The study underscores the escalating prevalence of lung cancer in Iraq, particularly impacting older females. Urgent and targeted efforts are necessary to mitigate the rising incidence rates.

Trends in Stage-Specific Kidney Cancer Incidence in Kazakhstan, 2005-2019.

The aim is to analyze the incidence of kidney cancer over a 15-year period, considering factors such as stage, age, sex, and morphological verification in the regional context in Kazakhstan. The retrospective study was done using descriptive and analytical methods of oncoepidemiology. The extensive, crude and age-specific incidence rates are determined according to the generally accepted methodology used in sanitary statistics. The data were used to calculate the average percentage change (APС) using the Joinpoint regression analysis to determine the trend over the study period. Among the meticulously documented 15,277 cases, a conspicuous male predominance was noted, comprising 53.7% of cases compared to 46.3% in females, with peak incidences observed within the 50-69 age cohorts. The average age at diagnosis exhibited a progressive rise over the study period, with discernible variations observed in age-specific incidence rates, particularly pronounced within the 60-84 age brackets. Noteworthy temporal trends indicated a consistent uptick in crude incidence rates, with distinct regional disparities manifesting higher rates in northern regions relative to their southern and western counterparts. Stratification by cancer stage unveiled a significant surge in stages I-II cases alongside a concomitant decrement in stage III incidences, complemented by reductions in stage IV occurrences and instances of unspecified disease stages. Morphological verification rates displayed regional variations, with an overarching ascending trajectory across most regions, albeit exceptions noted, notably in the Kyzylorda region. Our study identified a rise in kidney cancer incidence in Kazakhstan, likely reflecting global trends driven by increased risk factor exposure and incidental imaging findings. Regional disparities and varied stage distributions highlight the complexity of kidney cancer epidemiology. Despite advancements in early detection, delayed diagnosis persists, necessitating improved surveillance and diagnostic practices.

Mapping spatial analysis of fish disease incidence and antibiotic resistance trends in selected provinces of Indonesia

Abstract Monitoring and visiting farmers affected by fish mortality is imperative. It offers insights into fish disease mapping and the trend of antibiotic resistance, serving as a fundamental for future strategies for preventing and treating fish diseases. The data collection was carried out by visiting farmers who suffered from fish mortality in 2022 in East Java, South Kalimantan, and Bali provinces. A total of 128 samples of infected fish were collected and analyzed using PCR and standard microbiological methods, and the findings were analyzed using spatial analysis and visual interpretation. Based on PCR results, the prevalence of fish diseases showed 65% iridovirus cases in gourami and tilapia, 31% in tilapia was TiLV, and 4% were Francisella sp. infection in tilapia. According to the results of microbiological tests, 86% of Edwardsiella tarda samples in pangasius were resistant to Oxytetracycline. Aeromonas sp. infection was the highest case in catfish, 58% were sensitive to Sulfamethoxazole. Streptococcosis was a typical tilapia disease that was 62% susceptible to Enrofloxacine and Sulfamethoxazole. Cases of Nocardia sp. and Staphylococcus sp. infection in gourami were found to be 71% intermediate to Enrofloxacine and Oxytetracycline, respectively.

Combined Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction and Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy Has a Lower Risk of Recurrent Instability Requiring Revision Stabilization at 2 Years Than Either Procedure Alone

PurposeThe goal of this study was to utilize a large nationwide administrative database to directly compare usage, complications, and need for revision stabilization surgery after medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPLFR), tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO), and combined MPFLR and TTO (MPFLRTTO). MethodsThe PearlDiver Mariner database was queried for all reported cases of MPLFR, TTO, and combined MPFLR and TTO performed between 2010 and 2020 using Current Procedural Terminology codes. Subsets from those cohorts with laterality-specific International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes for patellar instability were used to evaluate 2-year incidence of infection, stiffness, fracture, and revision stabilization with MPFLR and/or TTO. Multiple Linear regression and chi-squared analysis were used to analyze incidence trends and to compare complication rates. ResultsA total of 70,070 patients were identified. MPFLR was found to be the most common procedure (73.1%) followed by TTO (19.2%) and then MPFLRTTO (7.6%). MPLFR was observed to have the lowest overall complication rate (5.4%), while both TTO (7.5%) and MPFLRTTO (7.1%) had higher complication rates (P<.001). MPFLR had the highest rate of revision stabilization surgery at 3.7% compared with TTO at 2.7% and MPFLRTTO which carried the lowest risk for revision at 2.4% (P<.001). ConclusionIsolated MPFLR is the most common modality used for patellar instability, with increasing prevalence and the lowest 2-year complication rate. Isolated tibial tubercle osteotomy was unchanged in its utilization and had the highest overall complication rate. Combined MPFLR and TTO increased the overall complication rate but had a lower 2-year rate of recurrent instability requiring revision than MPFLR alone.

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BREAST CANCER IN THE ARAB REGION BETWEEN 1999 AND 2024: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Breast cancer (BC) poses a significant health challenge in both developed and developing countries, with limited research in the Arab region compared to the West. The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive perspective on breast cancer incidence and mortality trends between 1999 and 2024, considering diverse socio-cultural and economic factors.A thorough literature review was conducted using sources such as PubMed, Medline, and recent WHO publications. Findings revealed that the incidence of breast cancer in the Arab world increased gradually during the period studied. However, the incidence of breast cancer among women in the Arab region was lower than the global average, and the mortality rate among women with breast cancer in the Arab region was lower than the global average. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates have increased since 1990.The country-specific data showed that the more developed Arab countries tended to have a higher burden of breast cancer. Factors such as urbanization, increased life expectancy, and adoption of westernized lifestyles have been associated with the observed increase in breast cancer rates. Despite promising breast cancer screening initiatives, most Arab countries lack a structured universal screening program and participation rates are very low.The increasing incidence and burden of BC in the Arab region is remarkable, especially considering the limited resources of developing countries in this region. Appropriate strategies such as expansion of screening programs and careful resource management are needed to effectively manage the burden of BC.

Epidemiology, survival and new treatment modalities for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a rare biliary tract cancer with increasing incidence and poor survival rates. This study aims to evaluate the incidence and survival trends of iCCA patients over 20 years using a national cancer database, and assess the temporal association between survival and landmark clinical trials. Data was extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIRs) were calculated from 2000 to 2020. Overall survival was analyzed based on diagnosis time and disease stage. Subgroup analysis was performed for patients diagnosed between 2015 and 2020. Landmark clinical trials were reviewed to determine temporal changes in survival. In this analysis of 28,918 iCCA patients, the AAIR increased from 0.49 per 100,000 in 2000 to 1.38 in 2020 [annual percent change (APC) 6.94, 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.32 to 7.56], with a notable decline from 2019 to 2020. Incidence rates overall displayed an uptrend course across subgroups divided by sex, race, age, and disease stage. The age-adjusted median overall survival (mOS) improved from 5.28 months in 2000 to 9.3 months in 2013, then stabilized between 8.0-9.0 months after 2013. Using 2010 as a cutoff, when the ABC-02 trial was published, the decade-based mOS increased from 6.55 months in 2000-2010 to 9.06 months in 2010-2020. During 2015-2020, the overall mOS was 8.8 months, with mOS of 24.3, 12.1, and 5.4 months for local, regional, and distant stages, respectively. The study indicates a steady rise in iCCA incidence since 2000 across all subgroups. Survival rates improved since 2000 but stabilized after 2013, following the ABC-02 trial publication in 2010. The impact of more recent clinical trials on survival rates requires further analysis in the coming years.

Seasonal Patterns and Abiotic Influences on Fall Armyworm Dynamics in Chhattisgarh's Maize Agroecology

The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), an invasive pest in India, exhibits variations in population dynamics and incidence levels compared to its native regions. Understanding these variations is crucial for developing effective management strategies. Given India's diverse agroecosystems and climatic conditions, continuous watch on pest dynamics is essential. In this context a fixed plot experiment for comprehensive analysis of fall armyworm population dynamics, incidence patterns across seasons, and damage potentials in the maize crop ecosystem of the Chhattisgarh plains, India was conducted across three seasons of the year 2022-23. The year-round activity of the pest and its potential to cause huge losses in the early stages of maize was reported. Specifically, the study provided insights into the comparative incidence of fall armyworm in the different maize growing seasons of the area with a maximum incidence in the rainy season (0.58 larvae/plant) followed by winter (0.56 larvae/plant) and summer (0.53 larvae/plant) seasons. Moreover, the incidence trends of fall armyworm in different growing stages of maize were analysed by considering egg laying pattern, leaf damage, larval incidence and plant damage parameters, which highlighted the plant age-dependent response of fall armyworm. The impact of various weather parameters in shaping the damage and population fluctuations was analysed, where the influence of temperature was significant. Results obtained in this study are crucial in devising ETL levels and developing integrated pest management strategies against fall armyworm.

The epidemiology of lung cancer in Hungary based on the characteristics of patients diagnosed in 2018

Among malignant diseases, lung cancer has one of the highest mortality and incidence. Most epidemiological studies conclude that Hungary faces the most severe burden in association with this disease. However, for various reasons estimates and population-based studies show discrepancies. In this study, an intense data cleansing was performed on lung cancer cases that were reported to the Hungarian National Cancer Registry in 2018, and the major clinico-pathological parameters as well as survival characteristics were described. Our population-based figures were compared to the European estimates. As a result of our thorough revision, the corrected incidence of lung cancer has fallen below the number of cases that were reported to the Registry from 11,746 to 9,519. We also demonstrate that Hungary did not show the highest incidence and mortality in Europe, but it is still among the ones with the worst raking countries, with 92.9 and 50.6 age standardized rate per 100 thousand capita among males and females, respectively. Analysis of the annually reported case numbers revealed a gender-specific difference in incidence trends: while from 2001 to 2019 it slightly decreased among males, it increased among females. The most dominant subtype was adenocarcinoma, which was more frequent among female patients. Unfortunately, most of the newly diagnosed cases were in advanced stage; thus, 5 year overall survival was 14.8%. We anticipate that in the longer term, a decrease in incidence and improvement in survival rates may be expected as a result of the development of primary and secondary prevention programs in the country.