Incidence Rate Of Depressive Symptoms Research Articles

Healthy Aging at Family Mealtimes: Associations of Clean Cooking, Protein Intake, and Dining Together with Mental Health of Chinese Older Adults amid COVID-19 Pandemic.

The present study aims to examine whether multiple dietary factors affect the mental health of older adults amid the COVID-19 pandemic. It proposes an integrative dietary framework that highlights environmental, nutritional, and social aspects of diet for healthy aging. Based on a sample of 7858 Chinese older adults, the associations between diet and depressive symptoms, along with the rural-urban divide, were examined using zero-inflated negative binomial regression. Overall, protein intake (incidence-rate ratio [IRR] = 0.89, p < 0.001), frequency of family dining together (IRR = 0.98, p < 0.001), and using tap water for cooking (IRR = 0.92, p < 0.01) were associated with lower incidence rates of depressive symptoms among older adults. Among rural older adults, frequency of family dining together (IRR = 0.97, p < 0.001) and tap water use (IRR = 0.89, p < 0.001) were associated with fewer depressive symptoms. However, urban residents who had a higher frequency of family dining together (IRR = 0.98, p < 0.05) and protein intake (IRR = 0.81, p < 0.001) exhibited fewer depressive symptoms. The findings revealed multifaceted dietary pathways towards healthy aging, which call for policies and interventions that improve diet quality for community-dwelling older adults.

Association between Self-Rated Health and Depressive Symptoms in Rural Chinese Adults: A Cohort Study Based on Propensity Score Matching

Health status is widely regarded as a correlate of depressive symptoms. However, health assessments based on clinical diagnosis in rural areas with poor medical conditions are very limited. Self-rated health (SRH) serves as a simple and convenient evaluation indicator, which may be used as an independent predictor of depressive symptoms. To confirm the relationship between SRH and depressive symptoms in rural adults, a longitudinal survey of rural households in China was conducted using the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) from 2012 to 2016. Propensity score matching and logistic regression analysis were used to explore the association. After data cleansing, 3,127 pairs (6,254 participants) aged 16 and older followed for 4 years were enrolled, of which the average age was (50.02 ± 14.19) years old, and the proportions of male and female were 48.64% and 51.36%, respectively. The incidence rate of depressive symptoms within 4 years was 30.86% (95%CI: 29.24–32.48) in the group with fair or poor SRH, and 21.59% (95%CI: 20.14–23.03) in the group with good SRH. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ² = 69.51, <i>P</i> < 0.001). The results of univariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that there was a correlation between SRH and depressive symptoms in rural adults aged 30 and above (OR = 1.65, 95%CI: 1.46–1.85, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Thus, a simple and practical assessment tool based on SRH and other indicators should be established for early prevention and intervention in rural primary mental health care.

Associations between pain and depressive symptoms: A longitudinal study of Chinese adolescents

Aims: Pain and depressive symptoms are prevalent in adolescents. Data on the association between pain and depressive symptoms in the general adolescent population are limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prospective associations of headache, stomachache, and other nonspecific pain with depressive symptoms in a large sample of Chinese adolescents.Methods: A total of 7072 adolescents who participated in the baseline survey and were followed up 1 year later were included in the prospective analysis. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire to assess three types of pain (headache, stomachache, and other nonspecific pain) and demographics. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale. Logistic regression models were conducted to evaluate the associations between pain and depressive symptoms.Results: The prevalence and incidence rates of depressive symptoms significantly increased with elevated pain frequencies. After adjusting for insomnia symptoms and other adolescent and family covariates, frequent headache (OR=2.39, 95% CI =1.37–4.16) and other nonspecific pain (sometimes pain: OR=1.57, 95% CI =1.14–2.15; frequent pain: OR=2.78, 95% CI =1.33–5.82) were significantly associated with increased risk of depressive symptoms 1 year later.Study limitation: Pain and depressive symptoms were self-reports.Conclusions: The findings suggest that frequent pain is associated with subsequent depressive symptoms. Further research is needed to determine the causal relationship between pain and depressive symptoms in adolescents.

Sleep disordered breathing symptoms are associated with depressive symptoms: A longitudinal study of Chinese adolescents

BackgroundLittle is known about the prospective association between sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents. This study examined the independent predictive role of SDB symptoms in depressive symptoms in a large sample of adolescents. MethodsA total of 11831 adolescents who participated in the baseline survey of Shandong Adolescent Behavior and Health Cohort and 7072 adolescents who were resurveyed 1 year later were included for the analyses. Adolescents completed a self-administered questionnaire about demographics, mental health, sleep problems, and family environment. SDB symptoms were assessed by 3 items about loud snoring, breathing pauses, and snorting/gasping. The Chinese Youth Self-Report anxious/depressed subscale was used to assess depressive symptoms. ResultsIn the cross-sectional analyses, 11.8% adolescents had depressive symptoms, and elevated frequency of SDB symptoms were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. In the longitudinal study, 4.5% of adolescents had persistent depressive symptoms, the incidence rate of depressive symptoms at 1-year follow-up was 6.5%, and elevated frequency of any SDB symptoms (often: OR=2.23, 95%CI:1.50-3.32) at baseline was significantly associated with incident depressive symptoms after adjusting for potential confounders. The associations between SDB symptoms and depressive symptoms were similar for boys and girls. LimitationSDB symptoms and depressive symptoms were measured by self-report. ConclusionSDB symptoms are an independent and significant predictor of depressive symptoms in adolescents. Further research is needed to understand the biological mechanisms between SDB and mood dysregulation in adolescents.

Chronic Lung Diseases and the Risk of Depressive Symptoms Based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Chronic lung diseases (CLDs) can reduce patients’ quality of life. However, evidence for the relationship between CLD and occurrence with depressive symptoms remains unclear. This study aims to determine the associations between CLD and depressive symptoms incidence, using the data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). CLD was identified via survey questionnaire and hospitalization. The follow-up survey was conducted in 2018 and depressive symptoms were assessed by the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10). A total of 10,508 participants were studied with an average follow-up period of 3 years. A total of 2706 patients (25.8%) with newly diagnosed depressive symptoms were identified. The standardized incidence rate of depressive symptoms in baseline population with and without chronic pulmonary disease was 11.9/100 and 8.3/100 person-years, respectively. The Cox proportional risk model showed that CLD was a significant predictor of depressive symptoms (HR: 1.449, 95% CI: 1.235–1.700) after adjusting for covariates, and the HRs of depressive symptoms were higher in those participants with current smoking (HR: 1.761, 95% CI: 1.319–2.352), men (HR: 1.529, 95% CI: 1.236–1.892), living in rural areas (HR: 1.671, 95% CI: 1.229–2.272), with dyslipidemia (HR: 1.896, 95% CI: 1.180–3.045), and suffering from comorbidity (HR: 1.518, 95% CI: 1.104–2.087) at baseline survey. CLD was an independent risk factor of depressive symptoms in China. The mental health of CLD patients deserves more attention.

Unmet Expectations About Work at Age 62 and Depressive Symptoms.

Exiting the labor force earlier or later than planned is common, with predictable economic consequences. However, the mental health ramifications of such off-time events are not known but are important to promoting well-being in retirement. Using the Health and Retirement Study (1992-2016), we created 6 groups based on the alignment of expectations about full-time work at age 62 (reported at ages 51-61) with realized labor force status after reaching age 62 (N = 10,421). Negative binomial models estimated the adjusted association between unmet expectations about work and depressive symptoms. Unexpectedly not working was associated with higher depressive symptoms than working as expected after adjusting for sociodemographic, economic, and health factors at the time of expectations (incidence rate ratio = 1.35, 95% confidence interval: 1.17-1.56). Additionally, adjusting for health declines and marriage dissolution between expectations and age 62 partially attenuated the association, but unexpectedly not working remained significantly associated with a 1.16 increase in the incidence rate of depressive symptoms. Unexpectedly working at 62 was not associated with depressive symptoms. Race/ethnicity interacted with expectation alignment (F(15,42) = 2.44, p = .0118) in that Hispanic respondents experienced an increase in depressive symptoms when working after unmet and unsure expectations compared to met expectations, whereas White respondents did not. Unlike working longer than expected, unexpectedly not working at age 62 was associated with depressive symptoms, even after accounting for health declines. Public and employer policies should assist workers in remaining in the labor force as long as planned and offer mental health supports for unexpected work exits.

Incidence of depressive symptoms and its association with sociodemographic factors and lifestyle-related behaviors among Brazilian university students

ABSTRACT Entering university brings on changes in lifestyle and psychological stress and has been associated with increased risk of 1988 in college students. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of depressive symptoms and associated sociodemographic and lifestyle factors among university students. A dynamic cohort of freshmen was followed up for three years, starting at their entry to university (baseline) and then annually. A structured auto administered questionnaire was applied to obtain information on age, sex, economic class, living situation, smoking and drinking, sedentary and sleep behaviors, and change in physical activity after university admission. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionaire-9. Incidence and incidence rate of depressive symptoms were calculated. Poisson Regression with robust variance was used to identify risk factors associated to these disorders. A total of 1,034 students without depressive symptoms at baseline were investigated. The overall incidence of depressive symptoms was 28.3% and the incidence rate (IR) was 2.12, being greater for females (2.75) than males (1.65). The IR decreased over time for both males (from 2.61 to 0.41) and females (from 4.25 to 0.54). A greater risk of depressive symptoms was observed for younger male students compared to those ≥20 years old (IRRadj = 1.64) and for women who reported concomitant use of alcohol and tobacco compared to those that reported no smoking and no alcohol consumption. For both males (IRRadj = 2.80) and females (IRRadj = 1.91), severe stress level was associated with greater risk of depressive symptoms when compared to mild stress level. Depressive Symptoms occurred more significantly in females, in the early years of undergraduate course, in males <20 years old, and among those with high stress level. Understanding the possible causes of depression is essential to promote mental health and well-being among college student.

Factors associated with the depression among people with disabilities: A cross-sectional study in Chinese communities of Shanghai.

Depression has become a growing health issue in the world and is projected to become a leading cause of global burden. However, there is little scientific research on the factors associated with depression in people with disabilities in China. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to explore the prevalence and related factors of depression among people with disabilities in communities in mainland China.Participants with disability certificates were recruited via face-to-face interviews to complete questionnaires. Contents include participants’ demographic characteristics, the Modified Barthel Index (MBI), chronic medical history, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).A total of 1815 participants (M age = 60.35 ± 13.66) whose questionnaires are eligible were finally included. Among them the incidence rate of depressive symptoms was up to 39.9%. Multifactor regression analysis showed that grade I disability (odds ratio (OR) = 1.37, P < .05), impairment activities of daily living (OR = 3.23, P < .001), diabetes (OR = 1.43, P < .05), and hyperlipidemia (OR = 1.59, P < .001) were associated with depression in the disabled. However, intelligence disability is a protective factor of depression (OR = 0.69, P < .05).The data demonstrates that the depression of the disabled should arouse the attention of our society. Furthermore, the interventions to disability degree, impairment activities of daily living, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia may help to improve the mental health of the disabled people.

Hospitalisation and surgery: Is exposure associated with increased subsequent depressive symptoms? Evidence from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA).

The dramatic shift in the global population demographic has led to increasing numbers of older people undergoing hospitalisation and surgical procedures. While necessary, these exposures may lead to an increase in depressive symptoms. To determine whether hospitalisation or hospitalisation with surgery under general anaesthesia is associated with an increase in depressive symptoms in adults over the age of 50. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale in 8036 individuals at waves 1 and 2 of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), 2years apart. Mixed-effects models were used to investigate the hypothesis after adjustment for risk factors for depression and potential confounders. During the 12months preceding wave 1, a total of 459 participants were hospitalised (mean age, 67.0; 55.3% female), and a further 548 participants (mean age, 64.6; 51.8% female) were hospitalised and underwent surgery with general anaesthesia; 6891 (mean age, 63.5; 54.3% female) were not hospitalised. Analysis of waves 1 and 2 data using mixed-effects models demonstrated that there was a 7% increased adjusted incidence rate of depressive symptoms (IRR [95% CI]=1.07 [1.02-1.11]) in the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale in the hospitalisation group and a 4% increased adjusted incidence rate of depressive symptoms (IRR [95% CI]=1.04 [1.00-1.08]) in the surgery group compared with those with no hospitalisation. Hospitalisation and hospitalisation with surgery and general anaesthesia are associated with increased depressive symptoms. This is the first time a longitudinal population-representative study has demonstrated this relationship for both exposures simultaneously.

Social Frailty Has a Stronger Impact on the Onset of Depressive Symptoms than Physical Frailty or Cognitive Impairment: A 4-Year Follow-up Longitudinal Cohort Study

ObjectivesTo examine the association between each type of frailty status and the incidence rate of depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults. DesignProspective cohort study. SettingGeneral communities in Japan. ParticipantsParticipants comprised 3538 older Japanese adults. MeasurementsWe assessed our participants in terms of frailty status (physical frailty, cognitive impairment, and social frailty), depressive symptoms (geriatric depression scale ≥6), and other covariates, and excluded those who showed evidence of depression. Then, after a 4-year interval, we again assessed the participants for depressive symptoms. Physical frailty was defined by the Fried criteria, showing 1 or more of these were physical frailty. To screen for cognitive impairment, receiving a score below an age-education adjusted reference threshold in 1 or more tests was cognitive impairment. Finally, social frailty was defined using 5 questions, and those who answered positively to 1 or more of these were considered to have social frailty. ResultsAfter multiple imputations, the incidence rate of depressive symptoms after 4 years of follow-up was 7.2%. The incidence rates of depressive symptoms for each frailty status were as follows: 9.6% for physical frailty vs 4.6% without, 9.3% for cognitive impairment vs 6.5% without, and 12.0% for social frailty vs 5.1% without. Finally, through the application of multivariable logistic regression analysis, the incidence of depressive symptoms was found to have a significant association with social frailty (odds ratio 1.55; 95% confidence interval 1.10–2.20) but not with physical frailty or cognitive impairment. ConclusionsThis study revealed that social frailty, in comparison with physical frailty and cognitive impairment, is more strongly associated with incidences of depressive symptoms among elderly.

Depressive symptoms, depression, and the effect of biologic therapy among patients in Psoriasis Longitudinal Assessment and Registry (PSOLAR)

Patients with psoriasis are at an increased risk for depression. However, the impact of treatment on this risk is unclear. Evaluate the incidence and impact of treatment on depression among patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. We defined a study population within the Psoriasis Longitudinal Assessment and Registry and measured the incidence of depressive symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression score ≥8) and adverse events (AEs) of depression within cohorts receiving biologics, conventional systemic therapies, or phototherapy. Patients were evaluated at approximately 6-month intervals. Multivariate modeling determined the impact of treatment on risk. The incidence rates of depressive symptoms were 3.01 per 100 patient-years (PYs) (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.73-3.32), 5.85 per 100 PYs (95% CI, 4.29-7.97), and 5.70 per 100 PYs (95% CI, 4.58-7.10) for biologics, phototherapy, and conventional therapy, respectively. Compared with conventional therapy, biologics reduced the risk for depressive symptoms (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.59-0.98), whereas phototherapy did not (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.71-1.54). The incidence rates for AEs of depression were 0.21 per 100 PYs (95% CI, 0.15-0.31) for biologics, 0.55 per 100 PYs (95% CI, 0.21-1.47) for phototherapy, and 0.14 per 100 PYs (95% CI, 0.03-0.55) for conventional therapy; the fact that there were too few events (37 AEs) precluded modeling. Incomplete capture of depression and confounders in the patients on registry. Compared with conventional therapy, biologics appear to be associated with a lower incidence of depressive symptoms among patients with psoriasis.

Family socioeconomic position in early life and onset of depressive symptoms and depression: a prospective cohort study

PurposeTo investigate whether low parental socioeconomic position (SEP) at birth is associated only with early-onset depressive symptoms in offspring.MethodsThis prospective cohort study used data on 9193 individuals (4768 females, 4425 males) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Depressive symptoms during three age periods (10–12, 12–16, 16–20 years) were assessed using the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, and ICD-10 depression at age 18 was assessed using the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised.ResultsLow SEP was associated with increased incidence rates of depressive symptoms in all age periods, with indicators of low standard of living showing the strongest associations. For instance, incidence rate ratios for material hardship were 1.75 (95% CI [1.42–2.15]) at 10–12 years, 1.36 (1.16–1.61) at 12–16 years and 1.39 (1.21–1.59) at 16–20 years. Low SEP was also associated with increased odds of ICD-10 depression at 18 years, ranging from OR = 1.20 (95% CI [0.94–1.52]) for manual social class to 1.74 (1.35–2.24) for material hardship.ConclusionsThere was no evidence that depressive symptoms can be “subtyped” by the age of onset, because the association with low SEP was evident for early- and later-onset symptoms. If socioeconomic inequalities in early life have long-term adverse impacts on mental health, policies addressing these inequalities could benefit the mental health of the population.

Interferon-induced depression in patients with hepatitis C: an epidemiologic study.

To assess the incidence rate and severity of depressive symptoms in different time points (12, 24 and 48 weeks) in Brazilian patients with HCV treated with PEG IFN plus ribavirin. We conducted an observational prospective study using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Fifty patients were included. The assessments with either scale showed the highest score of depressive symptoms in the 24(th) week of treatment; the mean BDI score before treatment was 6.5 ± 5.3 and the mean CES-D was 10.9 ± 7.8. After 24 weeks, the mean BDI was 16.1 ± 10.2 and mean CES-D was 18.6 ± 13.0; 46% were diagnosed with depression according to combined BDI and CES-D scores. The somatic/psychomotor subscales were highly correlated with overall scale scores . Subjects with history of substance and alcohol abuse had higher risk for IFN-induced depression. Treatment with PEG IFN was associated with a high incidence rate of depressive symptoms in this sample of Brazilian patients, as measured by CES-D and BDI. Alcohol and substance abuse increase the risk of PEG IFN-induced depression.

Incident Occurrence of Depressive Symptoms among Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment – The Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging

Aims: We estimated the prevalence and incidence rates of depressive symptoms and the role of vascular risk factors and sociodemographic variables on the occurrence of depressive symptoms in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: In the Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging, 2,963 individuals from 5,632 65- to 84-year-old subjects were evaluated at the 1st and 2nd survey, with a 3.5-year follow-up. Dementia and MCI were classified using current criteria. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Geriatric Depression Scale. Results: Among the 2,963 participants, 139 prevalent MCI cases were diagnosed with a depressive symptoms prevalence rate of 63.3%. During the 3.5-year follow-up, we estimated an incidence rate of depressive symptoms of 29.6 per 100 person-years. No sociodemographic variables or vascular risk factors modified the incidence of depressive symptoms in cognitively stable MCI patients or in MCI patients who reverted to normal cognition. Conclusion: In our population, there was a high prevalence and incidence of depressive symptoms in MCI. Our findings do not provide support for a possible role of vascular risk factors in the development of depressive symptoms in MCI, although these findings were based on relatively few cases of MCI, limiting the capacity to draw definitive conclusions.