Incidence Of Virus Disease Research Articles

Natural infectivity of Dalbulus maidis populations and incidence of corn stunt and virus diseases in maize over time

Natural infectivity of Dalbulus maidis populations and incidence of corn stunt and virus diseases in maize over time

Impact of Lockdown on COVID-19 Affected People-Analysis in Pakistan by the Year 2020

Objective: The study has been carried to find impact of lockdown on spread of COVID-19 by evaluating number of affected cases in lockdown and post-lockdown period. The study was conducted to analyse whether lockdown has limited spread of disease or otherwise.
 Methods: The study has been conducted retrospectively between 23rd March 2020 to 12th November 2020 on number of affected cases reported in Daily Jang Newspaper of Pakistan. Since lockdown period was 47 days, therefore data was collected in multiple of 47 days to evaluate results in lockdown and post lock down period.
 Results: Immediately after lockdown data has shown an increase in percentage (47.04), increase of affected cases (531.46), growth factor (6.31) and frequency of distribution (164244). Lower incidence was observed in lockdown with a number of 26010 bearing percentage of 7.45.
 Conclusion: The lockdown has limited spread of new viral disease (SARS-CoV-2) with reduced number of affected cases and huge increase in number of cases were observed immediately after lockdown. The number of affected cases were found to be subsequently reduced unless start of second phase of pandemic. On removing limitations due to lock down growth factor and frequency of distribution also indicate higher incidence of new viral disease.

Effects of holy basil (Ocimum sanctum) on viral disease of chili (Capsicum annum L.) under mixed crop cultivation

Chili is one of the important commodities in Indonesia. Chili cultivation faces many obstacles, leading to a decrease in production, such as virus infections. Yellow leaf curl and curly top viruses are groups of viruses that are often found in chili fields. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of intercropping (basil-chili) in suppressing viral diseases, especially yellow leaf curl and curly top viruses. A Randomized block design was used for this research, including intercropping and monoculture. The parameters observed in this study included disease incidence and intensity, the number and weight of chilies. Symptoms of virus infection include leaf curl, yellowing, and stunting. The disease has been reported to be transmitted by insect vectors, such as Aphis gossypii and Bemisia tabaci. The results showed that the incidence and intensity of yellow leaf curl and curly top virus diseases in chili pepper and basil plants were not significantly different in each treatment. The number of healthy chilies and their weight were also not significantly different. Damaged chilies are fruits that have been attacked by fruit flies. Basil intercropped with chilies attracts fruit flies, which affects the quantity and weight of the harvested chilies. The population of B. tabaci was significantly different in each treatment, while A. gossypii did not show significant differences among the treatments. Intercropping basil and chili increased the population of A. gossypii, while the population of B. tabaci decreased in this treatment. These two insect pests are vectors for yellow leaf curl and curly top viruses.

Effect of Different Antitumor Regimens on Incidence and Severity of Corona Virus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Lung Cancer Patients: A Single-center Retrospective Study

Studies have shown that the incidence and severity of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with lung cancer are higher than those in healthy people. At present, the main anti-tumor treatments for lung cancer include surgery, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy and anti-angiogenesis therapy. While the effects of different anti-tumor treatments on the occurrence and severity of COVID-19 pneumonia are not uniform. Therefore, we aimed to describe clinical characteristics and antitumor therapy of patients with lung cancer and COVID-19 pneumonia, and examined risk factors for severity in this population. From December 1, 2022 to February 15, 2023, a retrospective study was conducted in 217 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and pathologically confirmed lung cancer in the Jinling Hospital. We collected data about patients' clinical features, antitumor treatment regimen within 6 months, and the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. Risk factors for occurrence and severity of COVID-19 pneumonia were identified by univariable and multivariable Logistic regression models. (1) Among the 217 patients included, 51 (23.5%) developed COVID-19 pneumonia, of which 42 (82.4%) were classified as medium and 9 (17.6%) were classified as severe; (2) Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed overweight (OR=2.405, 95%CI: 1.095-5.286) and intrapulmonary focal radiotherapy (OR=2.977, 95%CI: 1.071-8.274) are risk factors for increasing occurrence of COVID-19 pneumonia, while other therapies are not; (3) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) history (OR=7.600, 95%CI: 1.430-40.387) was more likely to develop severe pneumonia and anti-tumor therapies such as intrapulmonary focal radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy did not increase severity. Intrapulmonary focal radiation therapy within 6 months increased the incidence of COVID-19 pneumonia, but did not increase the severity. However, there was no safety concern for chemotherapy, targeted therapy, surgery and immunotherapy.

Antibody Phage Display Technology for Sensor-Based Virus Detection: Current Status and Future Prospects.

Viruses are widespread in the environment, and many of them are major pathogens of serious plant, animal, and human diseases. The risk of pathogenicity, together with the capacity for constant mutation, emphasizes the need for measures to rapidly detect viruses. The need for highly sensitive bioanalytical methods to diagnose and monitor socially significant viral diseases has increased in the past few years. This is due, on the one hand, to the increased incidence of viral diseases in general (including the unprecedented spread of a new coronavirus infection, SARS-CoV-2), and, on the other hand, to the need to overcome the limitations of modern biomedical diagnostic methods. Phage display technology antibodies as nano-bio-engineered macromolecules can be used for sensor-based virus detection. This review analyzes the commonly used virus detection methods and approaches and shows the prospects for the use of antibodies prepared by phage display technology as sensing elements for sensor-based virus detection.

Incidence of Virus Diseases in Major Cultivated Areas of Watermelon and Melon in Chungbuk Province

To investigate the incidence status of viruses in major cultivated areas of watermelon and melon in Chungbuk Province, samples were collected from 2020 to 2021 in vinyl greenhouse of Jincheon and Eumseong and examined for virus infection using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Of the six viruses on watermelon that was analyzed in this study, watermelons were infected with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), and cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV). The incidence rate of CMV was 20.9–35.0%, WMV 0.4–15.8%, CGMMV 1.6–38.5%, and CABYV was 3.5–3.7% from 2020 to 2021. But strangely, there were no incidence of zucchini yellow mosaic virus and cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) during investigation. From this result, we knew the major virus was CGMMV on watermelon in Chungbuk Province. Molecular diagnosis assays of the two melon viruses, showed that melons were infected with CABYV and CCYV from 2020 to 2021. The incidence rate of CABYV was 53.9–92.2% and CCYV was 2.7–20.8%. The incidence of CABYV was high in melon cultivation of Jincheon and Eumseong, Chungbuk. Afterwards, it is necessary to establish a control management strategy for reduce the incidence of CABYV. Furthermore, we must pay attention that of CCYV even if the incidence was low.

Melatonin as a Possible Natural Anti-Viral Compound in Plant Biocontrol.

Melatonin is a multifunctional and ubiquitous molecule. In animals, melatonin is a hormone that is involved in a wide range of physiological activities and is also an excellent antioxidant. In plants, it has been considered a master regulator of multiple physiological processes as well as of hormonal homeostasis. Likewise, it is known for its role as a protective biomolecule and activator of tolerance and resistance against biotic and abiotic stress in plants. Since infections by pathogens such as bacteria, fungi and viruses in crops result in large economic losses, interest has been aroused in determining whether melatonin plays a relevant role in plant defense systems against pathogens in general, and against viruses in particular. Currently, several strategies have been applied to combat infection by pathogens, one of them is the use of eco-friendly chemical compounds that induce systemic resistance. Few studies have addressed the use of melatonin as a biocontrol agent for plant diseases caused by viruses. Exogenous melatonin treatments have been used to reduce the incidence of several virus diseases, reducing symptoms, virus titer, and even eradicating the proliferation of viruses such as Tobacco Mosaic Virus, Apple Stem Grooving Virus, Rice Stripe Virus and Alfalfa Mosaic Virus in tomato, apple, rice and eggplant, respectively. The possibilities of using melatonin as a possible natural virus biocontrol agent are discussed.

Influence of meteorological parameters on incidence of mungbean yellow mosaic virus disease in green gram in Assam

Green gram (Vigna radiata) is one of the most important pulse crops grown in India and abroad bean yellow mosaic virus disease caused by Mung bean yellow mosaic virus has become a major threat in greengram cultivation in Assam. An experiment was conducted in the Experimental field, Department of Plant Pathology, Biswanath College of Agriculture, Assam Agricultural University, Biswanath Chariali during 2021-22, where green gram was sown in five dates starting from 5th September 2021to 3rd October 2021 at 7 days interval to study the effect of meteorological parameters in the incidence of green gram yellow mosaic virus disease, effect on growth and yield parameters so as to find out the best sowing time of the crop as a strategy for managing the disease. During the study, symptoms like, appearance of chlorotic specks along the veins, puckering of leaves, typical mosaic pattern, complete yellowing and drying of the leaves were recorded. Highest whitefly population (12.42 no/plant) was recorded in the crop sown on 19.09.2021 and the lowest (6.24no/plant) was recorded in the 05.9.2021 sown crop. Lowest (40.32%) disease incidence with highest seed yield (4.50 q/ha) was recorded in the crop sown on 05.09.2021, whereas highest (88.25%) disease incidence with lowest yield (2.50 q/ha) was recorded in the crop sown in second fortnight of September (19.09.21). Maximum temperature ranging from 29-33 oC, minimum temperature 13-23 oC with 8-9 bright sunshine hours were found to be conducive for incidence and rapid spread of the disease.

Assessment of Immunogenicity and Efficacy of CV0501 mRNA-Based Omicron COVID-19 Vaccination in Small Animal Models.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron and its subvariants (BA.2, BA.4, BA.5) represented the most commonly circulating variants of concern (VOC) in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2022. Despite high vaccination rates with approved SARS-CoV-2 vaccines encoding the ancestral spike (S) protein, these Omicron subvariants have collectively resulted in increased viral transmission and disease incidence. This necessitates the development and characterization of vaccines incorporating later emerging S proteins to enhance protection against VOC. In this context, bivalent vaccine formulations may induce broad protection against VOC and potential future SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here, we report preclinical data for a lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-formulated RNActive® N1-methylpseudouridine (N1mΨ) modified mRNA vaccine (CV0501) based on our second-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccine CV2CoV, encoding the S protein of Omicron BA.1. The immunogenicity of CV0501, alone or in combination with a corresponding vaccine encoding the ancestral S protein (ancestral N1mΨ), was first measured in dose-response and booster immunization studies performed in Wistar rats. Both monovalent CV0501 and bivalent CV0501/ancestral N1mΨ immunization induced robust neutralizing antibody titers against the BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5 Omicron subvariants, in addition to other SARS-CoV-2 variants in a booster immunization study. The protective efficacy of monovalent CV0501 against live SARS-CoV-2 BA.2 infection was then assessed in hamsters. Monovalent CV0501 significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 BA.2 viral loads in the airways, demonstrating protection induced by CV0501 vaccination. CV0501 has now advanced into human Phase 1 clinical trials (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05477186).

Population Development and Disease Incidence of Virus Disease Transmitted by Brown Planthopper on the Paddy Field Applied with Biofertilizers and Biopesticides

Demand for biofertilizers and biopesticides are increasing in line with rising public consent on healthy food and environmental safety. Biofertilizer and biopesticide for rice have been formulated and those necessary to be tested in the field. The objectives of this field experiment were to test the effect of the formulation on the population development of brown planthopper (BPH) - Nilaparvata lugens (Stål, 1854) and the virus they transmitted. Split-plot design experiment was conducted in the farmer paddy fields. The main plot was varieties and biofertilizer and biopesticide were used as subplot. The population of BPH and natural enemies were surveyed using sweep net. The viral infected plant was checked by using iodine-test, while virus disease symptom was observed visually parallel with population census. The results showed that BPH utilized rice nursery as refugee during pre-rice transplanting. Reproduction rate of invading generation to the first generation on the Prb and Agm treated plots were lower than other treatments. The Agm application reduced virus disease symptom during the vegetative stage and kept virus-infected lower than other treatments in the early generative stage. Inpari 42 variety has a high ability to suppress the level of viral infection to be disease symptoms. It indicated that Agm was not only function as a biofertilizer but also biopesticide and can be integrated with Inpari 42 to manage rice virus diseases transmitted by BPH.

Study on the Effect of Relaying on Norovirus Reduction from Crassostrea gigas Oysters.

Norovirus (NoV) is the most important cause of seafood-borne gastroenteritis worldwide, mainly associated with the consumption of raw oysters. NoV is often present in oysters that comply with existing control standards for shellfish. Therefore, the improvement of post-harvest treatments and practices can represent one of the main strategies to reduce the incidence of viral diseases related to shellfish. This study aimed to investigate long-term relays for the reduction of NoV levels in live oysters, during the high-risk cold months, by transferring the oysters from a more contaminated site to two sites with lower NoV levels. The efficacy of relaying was evaluated by analyzing oyster samples collected at days 0 (T0) and 30 (T30) for NoV levels using a real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The NoV level at the relay sites was consistently lower than at the harvest site. The relay process for 30 days in seawater with a lower NoV level resulted in a decrease in the NoV load compared to day 0 with significant reductions depending on the site and genogroup of NoV considered. These results suggest that long-term relaying of oysters to reduce NoV levels is promising and could help growers to improve oyster safety; however, further investigations are needed.

Excessive negative regulation of type I interferon disrupts viral control in individuals with Down syndrome.

Down syndrome (DS) is typically caused by triplication of chromosome 21. Phenotypically, DS presents with developmental, neurocognitive, and immune features. Epidemiologically, individuals with DS have less frequent viral infection, but when present, these infections lead to more severe disease. The potent antiviral cytokine type I Interferon (IFN-I) receptor subunits IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 are located on chromosome 21. While increased IFNAR1/2 expression initially caused hypersensitivity to IFN-I, it triggered excessive negative feedback. This led to a hypo-response to subsequent IFN-I stimuli and an ensuing viral susceptibility in DS compared to control cells. Upregulation of IFNAR2 expression phenocopied the DS IFN-I dynamics independent of trisomy 21. CD14+ monocytes from individuals with DS exhibited markers of prior IFN-I exposure and had muted responsiveness to exvivo IFN-I stimulation. Our findings unveil oscillations of hyper- and hypo-response to IFN-I in DS, predisposing individuals to both lower incidence of viral disease and increased infection-related morbidity and mortality.

Incidence of Subacute Thyroiditis During the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Korea Using the National Health Insurance Service Database.

Background: Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a thyroid disease initiated by viral infection. Whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection can cause SAT is unclear. This study investigated changes in the nationwide incidence of SAT during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional population-based study. Data regarding SAT and related viral diseases, including COVID-19, from 2017 to 2020 were collected from the National Health Insurance Service and Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency databases. Results: In a total of 15,447 patients, 2484 men and 12,963 women diagnosed with SAT from 2017 to 2020 were included in this study. The incidence of SAT was significantly higher in 2020 than in 2017-2019 (8.30 vs. 7.27 per 100,000 persons, p < 0.001), while the incidence of SAT-related respiratory viral diseases, except for COVID-19, markedly decreased in 2020. The peak age of SAT incidence in 2020 was 50-59 years, and the women-to-men ratio was 5.4 (similar to that in 2017-2019). Corticosteroids were prescribed more often (72% vs. 58%, p < 0.001), and the prescription rate exceeding 1 month was significantly higher (45% vs. 40%, p < 0.01) in 2020 than in 2017-2019. Conclusions: The incidence of SAT increased in 2020 in association with COVID-19. A diagnostic approach to COVID-19 needs to be considered in patients with SAT during the COVID-19 pandemic.

EVALUASI KETAHANAN BEBERAPA VARIETAS CABAI TERHADAP VIRUS GEMINI

Chili is a horticultural commodity that has high economic value, but the presence of the Gemini virus and the low level of plant resistance are thought to be one of the causes of low crop productivity. The aims of the study were to evaluate the differences in the resistance response of chili varieties to the Gemini virus. The study was conducted using a randomized block design with three treatments and each treatment was repeated six times. The treatments were Sreet variety/cayenne pepper (V1), Lado F1 Variety/curly chili (V2) and Pillar Variety F1/big chili (V3). The variables observed were incubation period, plant height, incidence and severity of disease along with the number of branches on chili plants. Observational data obtained were analyzed using variance, and it was continued with the Least Significant Difference (BNT) test at a 95% confidence level. The results showed that the longest incubation period was V1, with an incubation period of 10 day followed by V2 and V3 with an incubation period of 7 day each. The lowest rate and incidence of Gemini virus disease was found in the V3, which was 14.66% and 66.67% respectively. The lowest rate and severity of Gemini virus disease was found in the V1 with the lowest percentage level of 66.67% and 29.33% respectively. The V1 gave a response of plant height of 14.5 cm at 35 day, the highest number of branches in the V2 was 6.8 branches at 55 day.

Management of Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus Disease of Okra through Cultural Approaches

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) cultivation is threatened in the tropics due to the high incidence of okra yellow vein mosaic virus (OYVMV) disease. The experiment was conducted under field conditions to evaluate different dates of sowing and row to row spacing with a susceptible cultivar of okra 'Pusa Sawani' in a split-plot design during kharif 2018. The disease incidence and percent disease index (PDI) of OYVMV of okra were strongly impacted by the date of sowing and row to row spacing of the okra crop. Early (15th June) sown crop with closer row spacing of 30 cm had the lowest terminal disease incidence (49.30%), while late (14th July) sown crop with wider (60 cm) spaced crop had the highest (73.96%). The PDI was also lowest (47.82%) in an early (15th June) sown crop with 30 cm row spacing and greatest (68.19%) in a late (14th July) sown crop with 60 cm row spacing. During the study, it was observed that the early date of sowing with closer row to row spacing was decrease the incidence and severity of OYVMV disease.

Assessment of Genetic Parameters for Important Agronomic Traits in Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) Germplasm in Two Agro-ecological Regions of Nigeria

For an effective and efficient crop breeding program, collection of good genotypes that provides good agronomic background for the new variety to be developed must be available, and such genotypes must contain significant genetic variability for effective crop development. In order to determine the agronomic worth of a collection of sweetpotato genotypes so as to identify the superior ones under different agro-ecologies, and also to determine the extent of variability that exists among the genotypes, fifty-two genotypes were evaluated at Umudike (rainforest belt) and forty-eight at Otobi (humid guinea savannah) during the raining season using recommended protocols. While agronomic data were taken at 4 months after planting (MAP), sweetpotato virus disease (SPVD) incidence and severity scores were taken at 2 MAP. Results showed that significant (p&lt;0.001) variation exists among the genotypes for all the traits except weight of unmarketable roots in both locations. Genotype PYT/12/074 had the highest root yield of 29.33 t/ha at the rainforest belt followed by Solo-2 and PYT/12/105 with yield levels of 27.67 and 26.33 t/ha, respectively. At Otobi, same PYT/12/074 had the highest root yield of 27.74 t/ha followed by Kwara and PYT/12/105 with yield levels of 27.67 and 26.33 t/ha, respectively. The principal component analysis identified marketable root weight, number of marketable roots, SPVD incidence and severity as the most important traits that influenced the observed variation among the genotypes. The biplot analysis further identified most of the orange-fleshed genotypes as highly susceptible to SPVD. Genetic studies of the traits showed that while broad-sense heritability estimates ranged from moderate to high for the important agronomic and SPVD traits, the high GCV and genetic advance observed portends a high genetic gain and good breeding progress in the breeding program using the genotypes.

Mathematical modeling of the vaccination influence on the COVID-19 epidemic propagation

The mathematical model based on a system of ordinary differential equations is proposed to describe the effect of the vaccination rate on the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic. The results of numerical modeling are presented for the case when vaccination begins after the beginning of the epidemic. A dimensionless vaccination parameter V was obtained, which allows one to characterize the effect of the vaccination rate on the reduction of the incidence of viral diseases with different virulence levels in a large closed population of people. Introducing this parameter allows the simulation results to be generalized to the populations of different size, different epidemic spread rate, different vaccination rate, and different vaccine efficiency. It has been shown that increasing the parameter V decreases the proportion of the sick population. It follows from our model that the vaccination influence on the spread of a respiratory viral disease such as COVID-19 decreases for a later initiation of vaccination. The simulation results should contribute to the development of optimal vaccination scenarios for the population.

A review of strategies and their effectiveness in reducing indoor airborne transmission and improving indoor air quality

Airborne transmission arises through the inhalation of aerosol droplets exhaled by an infected person and is now thought to be the primary transmission route of COVID-19. Thus, maintaining adequate indoor air quality levels is vital in mitigating the spread of the airborne virus. The cause-and-effect flow of various agents involved in airborne transmission of viruses has been investigated through a systematic literature review. It has been identified that the airborne virus can stay infectious in the air for hours, and pollutants such as particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Carbon monoxide (CO), Ozone (O3), Carbon dioxide (CO2), and Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOCs) and other air pollutants can enhance the incidence, spread and mortality rates of viral disease. Also, environmental quality parameters such as humidity and temperature have shown considerable influence in virus transmission in indoor spaces. The measures adopted in different research studies that can curb airborne transmission of viruses for an improved Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) have been collated for their effectiveness and limitations. A diverse set of building strategies, components, and operation techniques from the recent literature pertaining to the ongoing spread of COVID-19 disease has been systematically presented to understand the current state of techniques and building systems that can minimize the viral spread in built spaces This comprehensive review will help architects, builders, realtors, and other organizations improve or design a resilient building system to deal with COVID-19 or any such pandemic in the future.

Collateral Impact of Public Health and Social Measures on Respiratory Virus Activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic 2020-2021.

Many countries have implemented public health and social measures (PHSMs) to control the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although the PHSMs are targeted at SARS-CoV-2 transmission control, they directly or indirectly impact the epidemiology of different respiratory viral diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the collateral impact of PHSMs used during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the epidemiology of other respiratory viruses, including influenza, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, and adenovirus infections. We conducted a systematic review of the published literature on changes in the incidence of respiratory viral diseases and detection rates of the respiratory viruses during COVID-19 pandemic, lasting from 2020–2021, published between December 2019 and March 2022 in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. We identified an overall decrease of 23–94% in the incidence of respiratory viral diseases and a decrease of 0–98% in the detection of the viruses. Our study suggests that the PHSMs implemented during COVID-19 pandemic reduced the incidence of respiratory viral diseases and transmission of respiratory viruses. At the time of this study, and as governments relax PHSMs, public health authorities should prepare for a probable increase in the burden of respiratory viral diseases.

Evaluation of viral infection levels in intensive and organic poultry farming

Whereas early organic farming was mainly focused on plant production, in the last decade, the number of organically-managed poultry farms within the European Union has increased significantly. Similar to organic crop production, organic animal farming is based on the same principles: welfare-friendly, sustainable production and resource utilisation without or with very little addition of synthetic substances, such as antibiotics and antiparasitic treatments. These practices, as well as the access to wild animals, make the free-range poultry production systems predisposed to different viral diseases and, thus, associated with potentially higher public health risks or reduction in production quality. On the other hand, intensive farming amplifies the impact of viral diseases due to high density, low genetic diversity and elevated immunodeficiency. The aim of this analytical study is to compare free-range with intensive poultry systems and the occurrence of different viral diseases in these types of farms in the EU over the past decade. The research is based on official data from the statistical office of the European Union, as well as official data from the Member countries. The results were similar in each country and demonstrate that free-range production has a higher incidence of viral diseases with high zoonotical potential. This makes year-round surveillance absolutely necessary, as well as the need for implementation of additional criteria and requirements towards free-range systems.