Incidence Of Primary Angle-closure Glaucoma Research Articles

Nationwide Glaucoma incidence in end stage renal disease patients and kidney transplant recipients

Glaucoma shares common risk factors with chronic kidney disease (CKD) but previous cross-sectional studies have demonstrated discrepancies in the risk of glaucoma in CKD patients. This study enrolled kidney transplantation recipients (KTRs) (n = 10,955), end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients (n = 10,955) and healthy controls (n = 10,955) from National Health Insurance Service database of the Republic of Korea. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HR) for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) incidences. The incidence of POAG was higher in ESRD patients (3.36/1,000 person-years, P < 0.0001) and KTRs (3.22 /1,000 person-years, P < 0.0001), than in healthy controls (1.20/1,000 person-years). However, POAG risk showed no significant increase in either ESRD patients (P = 0.07) or KTRs (P = 0.08) when adjusted for the confounding factors. The incidence of PACG was significantly higher in ESRD patients (0.41/1,000 person-years) than in healthy controls (0.14/1,000 person-years, P = 0.008). The PACG incidence was significantly lower in KTRs than in ESRD patients (HR = 0.35, P = 0.015). In conclusion, this nationwide cohort study demonstrated that kidney transplantation can reduce the risk of PACG but not POAG in ESRD patients.

Long-Term Use of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Risk of Glaucoma in Depression Patients

This study investigated whether the long-term use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) influences the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) in the Chinese ethnic population in Taiwan.The authors retrieved the data under analysis from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan and identified 26,186 newly diagnosed depression patients without preexisting glaucoma. The study cohort included 13,093 patients with over 1 year of SSRI use, and a comparison cohort of 13,093 patients who had never used SSRIs. The main outcome was a diagnosis of POAG or PACG during follow-up. The authors used univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models to assess the effects of SSRIs on the risk of POAG and PACG.The cumulative incidences of POAG and PACG between the SSRI and comparison cohorts exhibited nonsignificant differences (log-rank test P = .52 for POAG, P = .32 for PACG). The overall incidence of POAG in the SSRI cohort was nonsignificantly higher than that in the comparison cohort (1.51 versus 1.39 per 1000 person-years), with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.07 (95% confidence interval = 0.82–1.40). The overall incidence of PACG in the SSRI cohort was nonsignificantly lower than that in the comparison cohort (0.95 versus 1.11 per 1000 person-years), with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.85 (95% confidence interval = 0.62–1.18).The long-term use of SSRIs does not influence the risk of POAG or PACG in depression patients.

Population-based glaucoma prevalence studies in Asians

Glaucoma-related population-based studies from Japan, Mongolia, India, Singapore, Thailand, China, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and South Korea show a higher glaucoma prevalence in Asian patients, including a higher incidence of primary angle-closure glaucoma, than in white patients, although primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is still the most commonly reported. Among POAG, normal tension glaucoma predominates over high tension glaucoma, a distinctive finding. Risk factors for glaucoma in population-based studies in both Asian and white patients are similar, except that myopia is a greater risk factor in Asian patients. Diagnostic criteria differ among studies, some using the International Society of Geographic and Epidemiologic Ophthalmology (ISGEO) classification and others not. The devices used to observe the optic disk and test the visual field are also not uniform across studies. Moreover, the ages of patients, and whether rural or urban, were different. To allow reliable comparison of the results of epidemiologic studies, efforts to standardize the diagnostic criteria, devices, and the age range of the study population are required.

Worldwide reduction in blindness: making progress?

Worldwide reduction in blindness: making progress?

The changing geometry of angle closure

The changing geometry of angle closure

Killing two birds with one stone: the potential effect of cataract surgery on the incidence of primary angle-closure glaucoma in a high-risk population

To estimate the proportion of cataract surgery performed at various visual acuity and lens opacity thresholds that would coincidentally treat early angle-closure disease, and to estimate the effect of this surgery on the incidence of primary angle-closure glaucoma. Cross-sectional, population-based survey in Meiktila, Myanmar. Total of 2076 inhabitants, 40 years of age and over were included. Eyes with cataract-induced visual impairment, and primary angle-closure disease were identified. Analyses were stratified by various pinhole-corrected visual acuity and Lens Opacity Classification System III scores thresholds. The dual role of cataract surgery in primary cataract treatment and primary angle-closure glaucoma prevention was estimated. Of 4153 eyes available for analysis, 261 eyes were either primary angle-closure suspect or primary angle closure; 975 eyes had a visual acuity of <6/18 and Lens Opacity Classification System III score ≥ 3 on the nuclear or cortical scales. Of these, 86 eyes had either primary angle-closure suspect or primary angle closure. If cataract surgery were performed on all 975 eyes, this would potentially prevent up to 86 cases of primary angle-closure glaucoma in this population; 8.82% (95% confidence interval 7.12-10.78%) of the cataract surgery would address the cataract and prevent primary angle-closure glaucoma. This would achieve a 38.46% (95% confidence interval 20.23-59.43%) relative reduction in the incidence of primary angle-closure glaucoma in the adult population. In populations with a high prevalence of both visually significant cataract and angle-closure disease, quality cataract extraction can serve a dual role of visual restoration and reducing the incidence of angle-closure disease in the population: killing two birds with one stone.

Randomised controlled trial of screening and prophylactic treatment to prevent primary angle closure glaucoma

AimsTo determine if screening with an ultrasound A-scan and prophylactic treatment of primary angle closure (PAC) with laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) can reduce the incidence of primary angle closure glaucoma...

Incidência de glaucoma agudo primário no Serviço de Glaucoma do Hospital São Geraldo

To determine the incidence of the primary angle-closure glaucoma at the Glaucoma Service of São Geraldo Hospital, to establish the profile of these patients and to identify the possible risk factors. Transversal study. Period of assessment: from September/2005 to August/2006. diagnosis of primary angle-closure glaucoma. presence of cataracts that cause low visual acuity or index-myopia, secondary glaucoma, plateau iris. Number of visits, incidence of primary angle-closure glaucoma, age, gender, race, family history of glaucoma, keratometric, and biometric data were assessed. Of 879 attended patients, 20 (2.3%) had the diagnosis of primary angle-closure glaucoma, therefore, the incidence of the primary angle-closure glaucoma was 22.7 cases per 1000 attended. Of those patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma: 6 (30.0%) were men and 14 (70.0%) women; the age varied from 40 to 73 years (average: 60.4 +/- 8.1 years); 12 (60.0%) were leukodermics and 8 (40.0%) pheodermics; 5 (25.0%) with positive familiar history of glaucoma. The relative risk for women was 1.44 (95% IC). Eleven (55.0%) patients had primary angle-closure glaucoma of the right eye and 9 (45.0%) of the left. When biometric data and keratometry were compared between the affected and contralateral eye, no statistical significant difference was observed. The incidence of the primary angle-closure glaucoma at the Glaucoma Service of São Geraldo Hospital was 22.7 cases per 1000 attended. It was more frequent in leukodermic women, without family history of glaucoma and with an average age of 60.4 years. The affected and contralateral eyes were biometrically similar.

The incidence of primary angle-closure glaucoma in Olmsted County, Minnesota.

To determine the incidence of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and to assess the visual outcomes of patients treated for PACG. Population-based retrospective incidence study. Residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, aged 40 years and older and diagnosed with PACG in the 13-year period between January 1, 1980, and December 31, 1992. Incident cases of PACG identified through the Medical Diagnostic Index of Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn, and the Rochester Epidemiology Project. Thirty-six incident cases were identified. The mean annual age-and sex-adjusted incidence per 100000 people aged 40 years and older was 8.3 (95% confidence interval, 5.6-11.0). The probability of monocular blindness associated with PACG at the time of diagnosis was 14%. Among patients not monocularly blind at diagnosis, the 5-year probability of developing monocular blindness associated with PACG was 4%. Primary angle-closure glaucoma is an uncommon disease in our community. Most of the patients blinded by PACG were blind at the time the condition was diagnosed.