Incidence Of Poverty In Nigeria Research Articles

Political culture and the paradox of poverty in Nigeria

While Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa with the highest Gross Domestic Product (GDP), it continues to exhibit economic underperformance and high unemployment rates. Available reports suggest that since the 1970s, the country has earned over US$500 billion in oil revenue alone, yet remains mired in poverty. This study examines the relationship, if any, between political culture and high incidence of poverty in Nigeria. The study employed a stratified sampling procedure along with questionnaires for data collection. Data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings suggest that political culture plays a critical role in the social and economic development of Nigeria. Additionally, religious and ethnic biases, as well as the political entrepreneurship of godfathers have contributed to poor electoral choices that in turn exacerbate the deteriorating standards of living, limited employment opportunities, endemic poverty, and insecurity in Nigeria. The study recommends among others that politics based on ideology should be encouraged rather than an identity-based politics on the grounds of religion or ethnicity.

Climate change adaptation and wellbeing among smallholder women farmers in Gwagwalada and Kokona, Nigeria

This study examines the impact of climate change on women farmers’ livelihoods and poverty incidence in Nigeria. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, using primary and secondary data sources to analyse the effect of climate shocks on women farmers. The study finds that women farmers in both communities are experiencing significant impacts on their livelihoods due to climate change, resulting in increased poverty incidence. The study recommends that future action plans dedicated to climate change adaptation should not be standalone. Still, it should form part of a national and sub-national strategy aimed at poverty reduction and improving livelihood, especially for women. Additionally, the paper recommends collating specific meteorological data in an inexpensive and easily understandable form and expanding extension services to ensure proper targeting of small women farmers. The study also suggests using crop diversification through a land transformation scheme to mitigate against low rainfall, with women farmers potentially serving as sharecroppers within larger farms. The paper concludes by emphasising the importance of sustaining supply and demand-driven initiatives stipulated in the plan and ensuring the political will to allocate land to women farmers. Overall, the study highlights the need for gender-sensitive policies and strategies that account for the unique vulnerabilities of women farmers in the face of climate change, especially for future adaptation strategies.

Poverty reduction strategies and national development in Nigeria

The study on poverty reduction strategies and national development in Nigeria sets out to evaluate the effectiveness of the poverty reduction strategies on improving national development of Nigeria between 1999 and 2015. The proposition of the study stated that poverty issues were endemically a political challenge and that poverty reduction strategies were merely a technical response that cannot reduce poverty. The qualitative research approach based on conceptual and normative analyses of data was adopted whilst the theoretical framework used was dependency theory. The study found that despite the several poverty reduction programmes embarked on, some multi-sectoral while others were sector specific, the poverty incidence in Nigeria was steadily on the increase thus validating the proposition that poverty reduction strategies of the World Bank and IMF are merely technical responses to a fundamentally political challenge. The study recommended that the World Bank, IMF, donor and aid agencies as well as the poor countries should understand the impact of politics on poverty as such emphasize political reforms alongside poverty reduction strategies in order to deal with poverty reduction in the Third World.

Measuring the Impact of Human Resource Development on Poverty Incidence in Nigeria: A Bound Testing Approach

Abstract Research purpose: Eradicating poverty in the world requires some strategies, such as the poor having adequate access to productive assets and increasing their returns on assets, having adequate access to education and health facilities, increasing their access to job prospects, at the same time complementing these resources with other incomes. Hence, the goal of this study is to examine the link between human resources development and poverty in Nigeria, using annual secondary data from the Statistical Bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria from 1990 to 2020. Design/methodology/approach: The Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Technique was explicitly employed to arrive at the statistical and logical conclusions in determining the impact of human resource development in the face of poverty. In addition, the bound testing approach was used to measure Nigeria’s long-run relationship between human resource development and poverty. Findings: The study revealed that human resource development has a statistically insignificant but non-decreasing impact/effect on poverty incidence in Nigeria, based on the short-run ARDL assessment. Furthermore, the bound testing approach also indicates that there is indeed a long-run relationship between human resource development and poverty incidence in Nigeria. The study, therefore, concludes that poverty is inescapable and, hence, creates underdevelopment. The study advises governments at all levels to develop and implement policies and programs aimed at improving or enhancing the welfare and well-being of the masses through job creation in order to close the income gap between the affluent and the deprived. Originality/value/practical implications: Fighting poverty in Nigeria has been one of the major priorities of most governments in Nigeria. These can be observed from the nationwide planning policies that have been focused on adequate provision of access to both human and natural resources. There has been an enormous call for the massive upgrading of the productive capacity of the people through investment in human resources. This paper is one of the several articles employed to evaluate the impact of human resource development on the incidence of poverty in Nigeria.

QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON POVERTY INCIDENCE IN NIGERIA

QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON POVERTY INCIDENCE IN NIGERIA

Measuring Child Deprivation and Poverty Incidence in Nigeria: A Multiple Overlapping Deprivation Approach

Measuring Child Deprivation and Poverty Incidence in Nigeria: A Multiple Overlapping Deprivation Approach

Inflation Rate and Poverty Incidence Nexus in Nigeria: Does Lending Rate Moderates The Effect

Poverty incidence is quite high in developing countries, according to the latest data. However, the element that contributes to and mitigates remains a mystery and a source of disagreement in the literature. As a result, the study re-examined the relationship between Nigeria's inflation rate and poverty incidence. It also established the role of borrowing costs in the relationship between inflation and poverty incidence in Nigeria. The analysis spans 40 years, from 1981 to 2020, and secondary data on poverty, inflation, lending, money supply growth, and taxation were culled from World Bank Development Indicators and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin, 2020 edition. The study used multiple linear regression and an interactive model to achieve the stated objectives. It was revealed that the inflation rate positively correlates with Nigeria's poverty incidence. Also, it was further revealed that the lending rate substantially moderates the inflation rate's positive effect on Nigeria's poverty rate. Therefore, it was concluded that the lending rate is sufficient to change the adverse impact of inflation on the poverty rate within the study under review. The study recommends that government ensure that inflation is kept at bearable digits while monetary authorities should review upward lending rates to discourage excessive borrowing without productivity.

International workers’ remittances and poverty incidence in Nigeria

The rising pace of poverty in Nigeria has been worrisome, despite being the highest recipient of international workers’ remittances in Sub-Saharan African. Therefore, this study explored the extent to which poverty incidence has been influenced by workers’ remittances in Nigeria for the period spanning 1981 to 2020. The Vector Auto-regressive (VAR) and Auto-regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) techniques were utilized in data analyzing. The results of the ARDL estimate showed that workers’ remittances significantly enhanced poverty incidence in Nigeria while the VAR estimate showed the absence of causation between poverty and workers’ remittances in Nigeria. This study concludes that workers’ remittances has not contributed significantly to poverty reduction in Nigeria. Consequently, it is recommended that government should reduce the cost of workers’ remittances in Nigeria so that substantial percentage of the remittances is directed to consumption of poor households in Nigeria.

Decomposition Analysis of Poverty among Rural Farming Household in Oyo State, Nigeria

The incidence of poverty in Nigeria is worrisome, and it has constituted a national menace. The occurrence of poverty incidence had been found to be more pronounced among Rural farming households in the country. However, paucity of data exists in terms of decomposition of household poverty into relevant subgroups using their socio-economic characteristics. Therefore, this paper assessed the decomposition analysis of poverty among rural farming Households in Oyo State, Nigeria using the data collected through a well-structured interview schedule from 170 respondents who were selected through a multi-stage sampling procedure. Data collected were described using frequency counts and percentage while poverty Indices was analyzed using Foster-Greer Thorbecke model and Decomposition analysis. The findings revealed that higher proportion (73.5%) of the respondents were above 40 years, 65.3% were male, 78.2% were married and 27.6% had secondary education, while 62.4% had household size of between 5 and 9 persons. Majority (79.4%) had farm size of more than 1.5 hectares and 62.9% had no access to remittance. Poverty incidence (P0) was 40.59%, Poverty depth/gap (P1) was 16.11% and Poverty severity (P2) was 0.09%, among the respondents using income-poverty line measure. Decomposition analysis showed that Poverty was high among households that were headed by male, young with low literacy level, and large household size. The severity of poverty was higher among households headed by labour of other farms. Effective poverty reduction strategies should therefore focus on education, livelihood diversification and control of household size.

Poverty, Cybercrime and National Security in Nigeria

The number of poor people in Nigeria continues to grow at an exponential rate, while Nigeria remains the poverty capital of the world. As a result, cybercrime has become a haven for youths. The festering of cybercrime increases the chances of cyberterrorism, hate speech proliferation, and radicalization – all of which pose a danger to national security in Nigeria. As a result, this study adopts an analytic approach to the interplay of poverty, cybercrime, and national security in Nigeria. The findings reveal that poverty is a major driver of cybercrime in Nigeria while cybercrime is a threat to national security. It shows that with the prevalence of poverty, deprivation, and inequality, many Nigerian youths turn to crime to realize the Nigeria of their dreams. In the same vein, cybercrime undermines national security by exposing various individuals to violence, cyberespionage, cyberstalking, and manipulation. The study, therefore, recommends that decisive policies be targeted at reducing poverty incidence in Nigeria and that youths should be regularly sensitized to the dangers of cybercrime and the incapacitating effect it has on national security. More so, cybersecurity should be given prominence by the Cyber Advisory Council while offenders of cybercrime should be dealt with using the full extent of the law, to serve as a deterrence to intending offenders.

Sectoral analysis of Human Capital Investment, Labour Productivity and Poverty in Nigeria

This paper is on the analysis of human capital investment and labour productivity in a situation of a rising incidence of poverty in Nigeria on a sectoral basis between 1986 and 2019. Adopting the Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) technique, three sectors were considered in the analysis: the agricultural, industrial and service sectors. Key in the results of the study is in two folds. In the first case, there is a direct positive effect of human capital investment on labour productivity, and a direct negative impact of poverty on labour productivity across the three sectors. In the second case, poverty decreases the contribution of human capital investment to labour productivity growth in the agricultural and industrial sectors in the short run only. But there is insufficient evidence on this in the service sector.

Poverty, Unemployment and Food Insecurity: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria

The high incidence of poverty in Nigeria coupled with the alarming rate of unemployment has raised concerns among experts as to their likely relationship with food insecurity. This study examined the nexus between poverty, unemployment and food insecurity using the Johansen cointegration test and the vector error correction model. The result from the Johansen cointegration test suggests a long-run relationship between food insecurity, poverty and unemployment. Findings from the vector error correction analysis showed a positive but insignificant relationship between poverty and food insecurity such that a percentage change in poverty in the current period is associated with a 0.09 per cent increase in food insecurity on average, ceteris paribus. Besides, a positive and significant relationship subsists between unemployment and food insecurity where an increase in unemployment exacerbated the latter. Clearly, a 1 per cent deviation in the previous period unemployment level is associated with a 1.2 per cent degeneration of the food insecurity position in the short run. In the same vein, a 1 per cent change in unemployment in the current period causes a 1.5 per cent aggravation of food insecurity. Following the findings, this study recommends a multi sector-specific approach to solving the issue of poverty in Nigeria targeting agriculture and its employment generating capacity, creating the enabling environment through infrastructure development and improving the ease of doing business for the private sector to strive and enhance its employment generating capacities. The study concludes with a call for the implementation of a holistic food security policy targeting improvement in crop yield, internal security problems and the proper funding of agriculture to be effective.

Entrepreneurship, Skill Acquisition and Economic Growth

Scientifically, the relationship between knowledge and growth in economic growth has been enhanced by technical breakthroughs and developments over the years, so that economic growth is no longer focused solely on the exploitation of raw materials, energy sources andphysical goods, but on the intangible development of values in the form of essential skills, services, innovative technologies and inventions. Considering the high level of youth unemployment and the high incidence of poverty in Nigeria, this requires a re-adjustment of the traditional methods of human capital growth. The main goal of this paper is to shed light on recent developments in our understanding of the forces that border on information formation, distribution and innovation through the growth phase of the entrepreneur. This paper explored the tertiary institutions' entrepreneurship development programme and the capacity of graduates and future graduates to build jobs. Therefore, at Issele-Uku Delta State NYSC orientation camp, forty youth corps members were surveyed to evaluate their entrepreneurial dispositions. Similarly, surveys were also performed at four Delta State Tertiary Institutions. The sample of institutions consisted of 20 students from the selected schools each. One hundred polled 20 respondents. It was found that thirty-two percent of those who admitted to have taken entrepreneurship education, showed interest in setting up personal businesses using X2 analytical technique, while twenty-two percent preferred to work in private agencies, and the remaining forty-six percent preferred to work in either of the government weapons. In the design of regulations affecting the development of knowledge for the efficient diffusion of knowledge into socially useful needs, the policy implications of this study are significant
 Keywords: Entrepreneurs, Knowledge, Innovation, Growth

Disclosing CSR by Islamic banks: does Jaiz Bank Nigeria, Plc adopt the practice of Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited?

Purpose This paper aims to establish whether Jaiz Bank Nigeria, Plc (JBNP) adopts the corporate social responsibility (CSR) practice and disclosure of Islami Bank Bangladesh (IBBL) as the latter provided managerial and technical assistance to the former. Design/methodology/approach The data were extracted from the annual reports and accounts of the banks from 2013 to 2017. Findings The study established that over the period, IBBL had clearly disclosed sector-wise CSR expenditures and the number of beneficiaries, such as humanitarian and disaster relief, education, health and environment, among others, for the welfare of the poor and the needy in the country. However, the CSR practice and disclosure of IBBL have not yet been adopted by JBNP. It only discharges CSR activities through its foundation called Jaiz Foundation, with unlawful income based on the doctrine of necessity, as approved by the Financial Regulation Advisory Council of Experts (FRACE) of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). Further, the total amount to expend for CSR activities is located in the statement of sources and uses of charity funds. Research limitations/implications The study covered only two Islamic Banks. Besides, only CSR aspects for the community service and development over five years were examined. Practical implications It is suggested that JBNP should adopt the CSR practice and disclosure of IBBL for the welfare of the poor and the needy in Nigeria. Social implications Adopting the IBBL CSR practice and disclosure by JBNP would contribute to the minimization of the incidence of poverty in Nigeria. Originality/value This study, to the best knowledge of the researchers, is among the few of its kind that deeply evaluated the CSR expenditure of Islamic banks solely for the welfare of the poor and the needy of the society.

Adopting Marketing Mix Model for Reducing Poverty Incidence in Nigeria

A large number of studies have been done to determine strategies to tackle poverty in Nigerian context, however quite a few focused on marketing approach to the problem. Accordingly, this paper seeks to determine empirically the adoption of marketing mix model for reducing poverty incidence in Nigeria. Quantitative survey research design was adopted for the study. Questionnaire was used to collect data from 240 selected Nigerians who earn below 1 dollar a day in the six geo-political zones of Nigeria. Face and content validities of the questionnaire were ascertained. Reliability of the instrument was supported using Cronbatch alpa test which show 0.84 co-efficient. Logit regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. Results show that poor quality of poverty alleviation products, poor pricing, poor marketing promotion, poor distribution, poor people, poor processes and poor physical evidence have significant positive influence on poverty incidence in Nigeria. Improvements in these weak marketing mix variables were recommended in order to improve poverty syndrome in Nigeria.

Reassessing the Efficacy of Foreign Aid and Grants in Poverty Reduction in Nigeria

This study re-examines the efficacy of foreign aid and grants on poverty reduction in Nigeria using time series data covering the period of 1999 to 2017. To perform the inquiry, the paper focus on disaggregated data for the analysis of foreign aid and grants, that is, technical cooperation grants (TCG), official development assistance (ODA) and other grants. Grounded on the Great Big Push theoretical framework, the study tested the marginal effect of TCG, ODA and other grants on poverty incidence in Nigeria using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach. The empirical findings show that TCG and ODA have positive but insignificant impact on national poverty incidence in the short-term horizon; however, in the long-term, the effect of TCG and ODA on poverty incidence is negative. This finding suggests that the plausibility of poverty reduction policy based on external aid and grants is contestable. This affirms the argument that externally nominated solutions in form of foreign aid and grants do not connect with locally defined problems in poverty reduction.

Empowerment Strategies and Poverty Reduction in Bayelsa State: A Non-Parametric Approach

The incidence of poverty in Nigeria is rising despite a plethora of anti-poverty programmes and huge public expenditure. The objective of this study is to evaluate the extent and impact of three major empowerment strategies in the war against poverty namely social mobilization, skill development and capital formation in Bayelsa State. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey of Bayelsa State using structured and semi-structured questionnaire to collect primary data from 380 indigenous adult spread across 40 communities. The data was measured on the basis of the modified four points Likert scale and analysed using percentage and mean. The results depicted that social mobilization as a strategy is not used in reaching the poor. The implication is that to a great extent the impact of anti-poverty interventions do not get to the poor. The skill development programme although relevant and practical in approach has benefited only a limited number of people due mainly to hoarding of information, urban-biased, and nepotism. The participants are rarely supported with starter pack, tools, or finance. Procedure and requirement for obtaining business loan are tedious and fraught with nepotism. The empowerment programme has not resulted in capital formation and has not enhanced income of beneficiaries. It concluded that not sufficient resources are committed to these strategies. Therefore, increased use of the empowerment strategies will reduce poverty in Bayelsa State and Nigeria at large.

The Effect of Trade Liberalisation on Poverty in Nigeria: A Micro–Macro Framework

ABSTRACTDespite the deployment of several policy prescriptions towards ameliorating poverty in Nigeria, the incidence has remained pervasive. Therefore, this paper seeks to examine the impact of trade liberalisation on poverty in Nigeria. A major contribution is the use of an integrated computable general equilibrium microsimulation model, derived from Winters’ trade liberalisation framework that focused on product and factor market channels. The model was calibrated with data inputs drawn from a 2006 social accounting matrix that was reconciled with heterogeneous households’ income and expenditure data obtained from the 2004 Nigerian living standard survey. Policy simulations that reflected actual trade reductions were carried out while rural and urban poverty effects associated with trade liberalisation were computed using the Foster–Greer–Thoerbecke index. Findings reveal the moderate poverty-reducing effect of agriculture and manufacturing sector trade liberalisation with the effect being relatively more pronounced in urban centres. The weak sectoral linkages (particularly between agriculture and manufacturing) combined with the low income and price effects partly explained these poverty-reducing outcomes. The study concludes that trade liberalisation cannot be solely relied upon by the government to address the rising incidence of poverty in Nigeria and therefore, should be used as a complimentary policy to alleviate poverty.

DETERMINANTS OF INCOME DIVERSIFICATION AMONG FARM HOUSEHOLDS IN NIGER STATE, NIGERIA

Poverty incidence in Nigeria is higher among the rural-folks, that is, households that rely mainly on agricultural income. Income diversification is therefore seen as a way to secure income and to increase welfare of the farm households. This study investigated determinants of income diversification among farm households in Niger State, Nigeria. The study utilized data obtained from administering questionnaire to 287 farming households. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and Tobit regression model. The study revealed that mean age, household size, and farm size of the respondents were 42, 7, and 2.82 respectively. A total of 46.4% of the respondents had no formal education and only 12.9% had attained formal education up to the tertiary level. Majority that is 94.8% had no access to credit. Results of the Tobit regression revealed that farm size, age, level of education, farm income, non-farm income, credit use, livestock ownership, household size, poverty status, and occupation were the significant determinants of income diversification in the study area. The study recommends increase in the level of literacy among rural farm households. The impact of institutional credit on employments has been shown which ought to require taking comprehension of this basic by the approach system of the State as a vital advancement issue at the grass root. And in addition, government should re-energize and re-invigorate the extension service division of the State Ministry of Agriculture through capacity building, training and provision of necessary equipment to carry out its functions since they are the only group that understands the farmers’ needs and idiosyncrasies.

Food Poverty Profile for Nigeria

Poverty has remained largely unabated in Nigeria despite the efforts made in tackling it. Previous studies on poverty focused on total expenditure and did not adequately cater for regional differences in prices, needs, tastes and preferences. This study, therefore, examined the incidence, depth and severity of food poverty in Nigeria and produced a food poverty profile for the country based on zone-specific food poverty lines. The study used data from National Bureau of Statistics’ Nigeria Living Standard Survey, 2004. Linear programming technique in the spirit of the Food-Energy-Intake (FEI) approach, and the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) index were utilized. The estimates of the study showed, among other things, that food poverty lines varied across zones, and food poverty was pervasive in the country and varied across zones. Thus policies and programs that will adequately increase people’s access to food and minimize the incidence of food poverty in Nigeria should be adopted.