Incidence Of Postoperative Hypotension Research Articles

Comparison of dexmedetomidine and meperidine for the prevention of shivering following coronary artery bypass graft: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial

IntroductionShivering is a common complication in the postoperative period. The incidence of shivering has been reported to range from 5% to 65% under general anaesthesia and as 33% during epidural...

Effectiveness and safety of tranexamic acid combined with intraoperative controlled hypotension on reducing perioperative blood loss in primary total hip arthroplasty

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of tranexamic acid (TXA) combined with intraoperative controlled hypotension (ICH) for reducing perioperative blood loss in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). The clinical data of 832 patients with initial THA due to osteonecrosis of femoral head between January 2017 and July 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received TXA treatment, and 439 patients (hypotension group) received ICH treatment with an intraoperative mean arterial pressure (MAP) below 80 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) while 393 patients (normotension group) received standard general anesthesia with no special invention on blood pressure. There was no significant difference in age, gender, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, basic arterial pressure, hip range of motion, internal diseases, preoperative hemoglobin (HB) and hematocrit (HCT), coagulation function, surgical approach, and TXA dosage between the two groups ( P>0.05). The perioperative blood loss and blood transfusion, anesthesia and operation time, hospitalization stay, postoperative range of motion, and complications were recorded and compared between the two groups. The patients were further divided into MAP<70 mm Hg group (group A), MAP 70-80 mm Hg group (group B), and normotension group (group C). The perioperative blood loss and postoperative complications were further analyzed to screen the best range of blood pressure. The intraoperative MAP, total blood loss, dominant blood loss, recessive blood loss, blood transfusion rate and blood transfusion volume, anesthesia time, operation time, and hospitalizarion stay in the hypotension group were significantly lower than those in the normotension group ( P<0.05). The postoperative hip flexion range of motion in the hypotension group was significantly better than that of the normotension group ( Z=2.743, P=0.006), but there was no significant difference in the abduction range of motion between the two groups ( Z=0.338, P=0.735). In terms of postoperative complications, the incidence of postoperative hypotension in the hypotension group was significantly higher than that in the normotension group ( χ 2=6.096, P=0.014), and there was no significant difference in the incidence of other complications ( P>0.05). There was no stroke, pulmonary embolism, or deep vein thrombosis in the two groups, and no patients died during hospitalization. Subgroup analysis showed that there was no significant difference in total blood loss, dominant blood loss, and recessive blood loss in groups A and B during the perioperative period ( P>0.05), which were significantly lower than those in group C ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in blood transfusion rate, blood transfusion volume, and incidence of acute myocardial injury between 3 groups ( P>0.05); the incidence of acute kidney injury in group A was significantly higher than that in group B, and the incidence of postoperative hypotension in group A was significantly higher than that in groups B and C ( P<0.05), but no significant difference was found between groups B and C ( P>0.05). The combination of TXA and ICH has a synergistic effect. Controlling the intraoperative MAP at 70-80 mm Hg can effectively reduce the perioperative blood loss during the initial THA, and it is not accompanied by postoperative complications.

Use of Erector Spinae Fascial Plane Blocks in Enhanced Recovery for Open Abdominal Surgery

Bilateral erector spinae fascial plane blocks (ESPB) offers a novel, alternative method of regional post-operative pain control to thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA). The aim of this study was to compare rates of postoperative hypotension, and other standard enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) endpoints, in patients receiving ESPB versus TEA for open hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) surgery. This retrospective analysis compared historical controls of ERAS patients undergoing open HPB surgery with TEA versus ESPB. The incidence of postoperative hypotension and clinical outcomes, including opioid requirements, were compared. Forty patients receiving TEA were compared to 27 ESPB patients. Return of bowel function and length of stay (mean 7.2 versus7.4 days; P=0.83) were similar. ESPB patients received less intraoperative colloid (142cc versus 340cc; P=0.01) and had less postoperative hypotension versus TEA (22% versus 55%; P=0.03). No ESPB patient required patient-controlled analgesia (versus 32.5% TEA; P< 0.001). ESPB MME requirements decreased over time, while TEA MME requirements increased over 72 hours (P=0.019). ESPB is a novel method that shows promising outcomes in improving enhanced recovery parameters and minimizing opioid administration in open HPB surgery.

Laparoscopic Surgery for Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Removal: A Retrospective Analysis of Anaesthetic Management.

Minimal invasive approaches to pheochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL) removal may be complicated by the hemodynamic disturbances that are associated with the catecholamine secretion from the tumour. The anaesthetic and perioperative monitoring techniques need to be customized to handle these complications effectively. This retrospective analysis was undertaken to review the perioperative management of these patients handled by the same anaesthetic and surgical team. Case details were collected and data analysed for the perioperative management of 29 patients who underwent laparoscopic removal of PCC and PGL. Parameters collected included details of preoperative alpha-and beta blockade, tumour size, number of hypertensive surges, dose of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and other vasodilators used and incidence of postoperative hypotension and other complications. All patients received prazosin for pre-operative optimization. Hypertensive emergencies were seen in 4 patients during induction and endotracheal intubation and in 1 patient during pneumoperitoneum insufflation. Overall mean number of hypertensive emergencies was 3.41 (SD-2.45). The patients undergoing PGL removal had significantly more crisis compared to those undergoing unilateral PCC removal. The dose of SNP used correlated significantly with tumour size. Laparoscopic surgery for PCC and PGL removal is associated with hypertensive emergencies which are amenable to usual doses of antihypertensives used intraoperatively. Surgical factors like tumour size and location affect the number of crisis and the dose of anti-hypertensives used more than the anaesthetic drugs and procedures.

Intraoperative local anesthetic injection of the carotid sinus nerve: A prospective, randomized study

One hundred patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy under general anesthesia were prospectively randomized to receive either a local anesthetic injection of their carotid sinus nerve with bupivacaine (Marcaine) or no injection. Systolic blood pressure and pulse rate were recorded before injection and at 5 and 30 minutes after injection. The need for intraoperative and postoperative use of systemic vasopressor and vasodilator medications was recorded for each group as was the incidence of arrhythmias, neurologic complications, and myocardial infarctions. Intraoperative local anesthetic injection of the carotid sinus nerve did not significantly influence the intraoperative pulse rate or incidence of hypotension. It did, however, significantly increase the incidence of intraoperative hypertension and the need for systemic vasodilator medications intraoperatively. The incidence of postoperative hypotension (6 percent of patients), hypertension (34 percent), arrhythmias (6 percent), cerebrovascular accidents (1 percent), transient ischemic attacks (3.1 percent), and myocardial infarctions (2 percent) were not significantly influenced by intraoperative local anesthetic injection of the carotid sinus nerve. Intraoperative and postoperative hypotension did not cause morbidity in this series, however, local anesthetic injection was associated with a significant incidence of perioperative hypertension. Routine prophylactic local anesthetic injection of the carotid sinus nerve cannot be recommended in view of its detrimental effects in relation to the development of hypertension.