Incidence Of Postharvest Diseases Research Articles

Incidence of postharvest diseases on 'Kumagai' and 'Pedro Sato' guavas at wholesale markets in Brazil

The time after harvest is characterized by physiological changes in the fruit that favor the occurrence of postharvest diseases, which are often observed only after sale. As a result, the damage resulting from the action of quiescent pathogens can be underestimated. From November to April of the years 2009/2010 and 2010/2011, a survey was conducted to quantify the postharvest diseases in 'Kumagai' and 'Pedro Sato' guavas at two large wholesale markets in Brazil. The incidence of postharvest diseases differed significantly between the two cultivars evaluated. The most frequent postharvest diseases for 'Kumagai' guavas were anthracnose, black spot and fusicoccum rot, ranging in incidence from 23.6 and 31.6%. For 'Pedro Sato' guavas, the most frequent postharvest disease was anthracnose, with an incidence of approximately 72.3%.

Effects of exogenous 24-epibrassinolide treatment on postharvest quality and resistance of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu)

To elucidate the effects of exogenous brassinosteroids (BRs) treatment on the postharvest behavior of citrus fruit, Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) fruit were treated with 5mgL−1 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) and stored at 12–16°C with a relative humidity of 90–95%. After 50 d treatment, the disease incidence of the control and EBR-treated fruit was 18.7% and 4%, respectively, suggesting that EBR treatment can significantly enhance the postharvest biotic stress tolerance of Satsuma mandarins. Moreover, the fruit quality analysis revealed that EBR treatment induced a rapid weight loss during the first 6 d after treatment, which was similar to the effect of a conditioning treatment, while it exhibited no negative effects on inner quality. Further, we measured the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the primary metabolites as well as the expression of the stress-related genes in the fruit pericarp. The results indicated that H2O2 content was significantly increased by EBR treatment. In addition, analyses on the primary metabolites showed that some stress-related metabolites, such as ornithine, proline, GABA, d-xylose and d-galactose, were increased in the EBR-treated fruit. Expression of the stress-related genes was markedly up-regulated in EBR-treated fruit. These results suggest that the effects of EBR on reducing the postharvest disease incidence of citrus fruit may be associated with the accumulation of H2O2 and stress-related metabolites and the induction of stress-related genes.

Impact of Supplemental Calcium Chloride on Yield, Quality, Nutrient Status, and Postharvest Attributes of Tomato

Little is known regarding the impact of calcium chloride applications during growth and development on tomato postharvest quality. This trial investigated supplemental calcium chloride applications on yield, nutrient content, texture, and postharvest quality of tomato fruit. Calcium (Ca) nutrient solution concentrations were: 60, 180, and 360 mg·L−1 calcium, while foliar applications were (0, 1, and 2% calcium chloride w/v). Plants grown with 60 mg·L−1 Ca had a high incidence of blossom end rot, which was not affected by calcium chloride sprays. Fruit nutrient concentrations were affected by calcium delivered through the nutrient solution. As fruit cluster position increased, fruit nutrient concentrations significantly decreased. Foliar calcium chloride sprays affected fruit soluble solids content and dry weight, but did not affect texture. Pericarp elasticity increased concomitantly with calcium in the nutrient solution. Postharvest disease incidence was not affected by calcium treatment, though weight loss during storage was negatively affected by calcium chloride sprays.

Effect of Hot Water Treatment on Quality and Incidence of Postharvest Disease of Mango (Mangifera indicia L.) Fruits

Effect of Hot Water Treatment on Quality and Incidence of Postharvest Disease of Mango (Mangifera indicia L.) Fruits

Postharvest Disease Development on Southern Highbush Blueberry Fruit in Relation to Berry Flesh Type and Harvest Method.

Postharvest decay, incited by various fungal pathogens, is a major concern in most blueberry production areas of the United States. Because the risk of infection is increased by fruit bruising, which in turn is increased by machine-harvesting, it has been difficult to harvest fruit from the early-maturing but soft-textured southern highbush blueberries (SHB) mechanically for the fresh market. This could change fundamentally with the recent development of SHB genotypes with crisp-textured ("crispy") berries, i.e., fruit with qualitatively firmer flesh and/or more resistant skin. Four replicate row sections of two or three SHB genotypes having crispy fruit and three with conventional fruit were either hand- or machine-harvested at a commercial blueberry farm in northern Florida in April 2009 and May 2010. Harvested fruit were sorted, packed, and placed in cold storage (2°C) for up to 3 weeks. Average counts of aerobic bacteria, total yeasts and molds, coliforms, and Escherichia coli on fruit samples before the cold storage period were below commercial tolerance levels in most cases. In both years, natural disease incidence after cold storage was lowest for hand-harvested crispy fruit and highest for machine-harvested conventional fruit. Interestingly, machine-harvested crispy fruit had the same or lower disease incidence as hand-harvested conventional fruit. Across all treatments, natural postharvest disease incidence was inversely related to fruit firmness, with firmness values >220 g/mm associated with low disease. In separate experiments, samples from the 0-day cold storage period were inoculated at the stem end with Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, or Colletotrichum acutatum, and disease incidence was assessed after 7 days in a cold room followed by 60 to 72 h at room temperature. In response to artificial inoculation, less disease developed on crispy berries. No significant effect of harvest method was observed, except for A. alternata inoculation in 2009, when hand-harvested fruit developed a lower level of disease than machine-harvested fruit. Taken together, this study suggests that mechanical harvesting of SHB cultivars with crisp-textured berries is feasible from a postharvest pathology perspective.

Effects of four pre-harvest foliar sprays with β-aminobutyric acid or salicylic acid on the incidence of post-harvest disease and induced defence responses in jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) fruit after storage

SummaryIn order to evaluate the effects of pre-harvest foliar sprays with β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) or salicylic acid (SA) on the incidence of post-harvest diseases caused by Monillinia fructicola (G. Winter) Honey or Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl in jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Dongzao) fruit, 4.8 mM BABA or 2 mM SA was sprayed on trees four times, at approx. 30, 60, 90, and 110 d after full blossom (DAFB). The results showed that the development of both diseases in fruit inoculated with either pathogen at harvest were significantly inhibited (P ≤ 0.05) by pre-harvest BABA or SA sprays. The incidence of disease caused by M. fructicola was decreased by 29.5% or 41.7%, and that caused by A. alternata was lowered by 34.5% or 43%, by BABA or SA sprays, respectively. The inhibitory effect persisted in fruit stored at 0ºC. In addition, BABA or SA sprays also significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the incidence of natural post-harvest decay by 19.3% or 26.1%, and delayed the index in fruit skin colour change from green-to-red by 38.4% or 34.2%, respectively, after 60 d in cold storage. The activities of β-1,3-glucanase and peroxidase increased, and the concentrations of phenolic compounds were enhanced by BABA or SA sprays in fruit during storage. Superoxide dismutase activity increased, but catalase activity was strongly inhibited by BABA or SA sprays. These results suggest that the induction of disease resistance by pre-harvest BABA or SA sprays may persist in fruit after harvest and can protect fruit against post-harvest losses.

Incidence of post-harvest disease and airborne fungal spores in a vegetable market

Incidence of post-harvest disease and airborne fungal spores in a vegetable marketThe sampling of bioaerosols has been carried out using a Rotorod sampler as well as by exposing culture plates. The screening of some common vegetables was also done for the isolation of fungi as market pathogens to study post-harvest diseases. Altogether, fifty nine fungal spore types and 78 species of 33 genera belonging to different groups were recorded respectively on the rotorod strips and on exposed Petri dishes. Many saprophytic and pathogenic fungi were found to be associated with sampled vegetables from the market. In all forty-six fungal species belonging to 26 genera were recovered from five varieties of vegetables collected from the samemarket. The most dominant forms of fungi were ofAspergillusfollowed byCladosporium, Penicillium, Alternaria, Fusarium, Curvularia, Trichoderma, andRhizopus. Aspergillus niger, A.flavus, A. fumigatus, Penicillium spp.andCladosporium herbarum, found to be dominant during the period of investigation. Important mycotoxin-producing fungi such asA. flavus, A. fumigatusandFusarium moniliformewere isolated from the vegetables collected from the market.

Effects of nitric oxide on reactive oxygen species and antioxidant capacity in Chinese Bayberry during storage

Chinese bayberry fruit were fumigated with 20μll−1 NO for 2h at 20°C, then stored at 1±0.5°C and 90% relative humidity for 10 days. Postharvest disease incidence, ethylene production, fruit firmness, membrane permeability, lipid peroxidation, H2O2 contents, rate of superoxide anion (O2−) production, antioxidant enzymes activities, and antioxidant ability were determined after storage. The results showed that fumigation with NO inhibits ethylene production and disease incidence, and delay the decrease in firmness, total phenolics contents and DPPH radical-scavenging activity in Chinese bayberry fruits. NO treatment reduced the increases in membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation, delayed the increases in both the rate of O2− production and H2O2 contents, and increased activities of SOD, CAT and APX. These results indicate that NO might maintain the balance between the formation and detoxification of ROS, enhance the resistance of tissues to decay and preserve better quality of Chinese bayberries.

Danos em pós-colheita de goiabas na Região do Centro-Oeste Paulista

As doenças pós-colheita representam sério obstáculo à cultura da goiaba, uma vez que comprometem a qualidade e a quantidade dos frutos para comercialização. Neste estudo, foram identificadas e quantificadas injúrias mecânicas decorrentes dos processos de colheita e transporte das goiabas. Além disso, avaliou-se a incidência de doenças pós-colheita e pragas em goiabas da cultivar 'Pedro Sato' comercializadas na CEASA-Bauru e em goiabas das cultivares 'Pedro Sato' e 'Paluma' de pomares do Centro-Oeste paulista. Os frutos de goiaba amostrados em quatro etapas da colheita (colheita com luva, sacola do colhedor, contentor e barracão) e na CEASA foram armazenados durante nove dias a 25 ºC. A incidência de injúrias foi avaliada visualmente a cada três dias. A ocorrência de frutos com podridões foi superior na goiaba 'Pedro Sato' (92,0% a 96,6%) comparada a 'Paluma' (77,1%) no fim do armazenamento. A antracnose foi a principal doença nas duas cultivares, seguida pela pinta-preta. A incidência de injúrias mecânicas foi crescente no decorrer das etapas de colheita, entretanto, não influenciaram no aparecimento das podridões. Elevada infestação de moscas-das-frutas foi constatada na goiaba 'Paluma'.

Chemical composition and anti-fungal activities of three essential oils from Satureja spp. on four post-harvest pathogens of strawberry fruit

SummaryPost-harvest diseases cause considerable losses to harvested fruits and vegetables during transportation and storage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-fungal potential of the oils from three Iranian Satureja species (S. hortensis, S. khuzistanica, and S. spicigera) against four post-harvest pathogenic fungi (Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium digitatum, Aspergillus niger, and Botrytis cinerea) which can reduce the shelf-life of strawberry fruit. The chemical compositions of the plant oils were determined by capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Anti-fungal assays were carried out in vitro using potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the essential oils were determined and compared with each other. Measurable anti-fungal potential was found for three of the essential oils analysed. Satureja spp. oils showed promising inhibitory effects, even at low concentrations (300 µl l–1), against B. cinerea and R. stolonifer, whereas they had anti-fungal effects against P. digitatum at 600 µl l–1. The essential oils of S. spicigera and S. khuzistanica showed fungistatic effect against A. niger, with a MIC of 300 µl l–1. Although all three essential oils showed fungicidal effects against B. cinerea, R. stolonifer, and P. digitatum, no fungicidal effect was observed against A. niger, even at high concentrations. All three essential oils were tested in vivo and exhibited inhibitory activities against all four pathogens. S. khuzistanica oil gave the best results and so may be used to decrease, significantly, the incidence of post-harvest diseases in strawberry fruit.

Doenças pós-colheita em variedades de manga cultivadas em Pindorama, São Paulo

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a ocorrência de doenças pós-colheita em 15 variedades de manga, cultivadas em Pindorama-SP, sem adição de agroquímicos. Os frutos foram colhidos e submetidos a 24h de câmara úmida, permanecendo por mais nove dias a 25±2ºC e 70-80% de UR. A incidência de podridões e a severidade da antracnose foram avaliadas em intervalos de três dias. No início do armazenamento, os frutos foram caracterizados quanto aos teores de sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável. A antracnose foi a doença mais frequente nas quinze variedades de manga, com 100% de incidência um dia após a colheita dos frutos, seguida pela podridão peduncular com média entre as variedades de 20,8% ao final do armazenamento. Menor severidade de antracnose foi observada nas variedades Surpresa e Zill, enquanto menor incidência da podridão peduncular foi observada em 'Winter' e 'Pele-de-Moça'. Análises de correlação entre os parâmetros sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável das variedades com a intensidade da antracnose e da podridão peduncular foram significativas apenas entre acidez e antracnose, antes e após o período de armazenamento.

Stone fruit injuries and damage at the wholesale market of São Paulo, Brazil

Mechanical injuries and diseases in stone fruit are important causes for market rejection. The objectives of this research were to quantify and characterize the mechanical injuries and diseases in peaches, nectarines and plums at São Paulo's wholesale market, the largest in Brazil. Incidence of injuries was assessed weekly in 1% of the marketed fruit (2973 fruit/week), from September to December in 2003 and 2004. Mechanical injuries were the most frequent injuries in both years, ranging from 8.73% (plum) to 44.5% (nectarine) of injured fruit. There was a significant positive correlation between the incidence of postharvest mechanical injuries and postharvest diseases. Incidence of postharvest diseases varied from 2.5% to 6.6%. Cladosporium rot ( Cladosporium sp.) and brown rot ( Monilinia fructicola) were the most frequent diseases, and were mostly detected in the apexes of nectarines and peaches. Aurora (peach), Sunraycer (nectarine) and Gulfblaze (plum) varieties were the most susceptible to injuries and diseases.

Doenças e características físicas e químicas pós-colheita em maracujá amarelo de cultivo convencional e orgânico no centro oeste paulista

Após a colheita do maracujá-amarelo, ocorre aumento na suscetibilidade do fruto às podridões e significativa perda de massa fresca. Diante disso, objetivou-se identificar e quantificar as doenças pós-colheita e avaliar as características físicas e químicas de frutos de maracujazeiro-amarelo produzidos em sistemas de cultivo convencional e orgânico. Os frutos foram individualizados e submetidos a 24h de câmara úmida, permanecendo por mais 13 dias a 25±2ºC e 70-80% de UR. As doenças e o índice de murchamento foram avaliados visualmente após a coleta do fruto e a cada três dias. Os frutos também foram caracterizados quanto à espessura da casca, rendimento em polpa e teores de acidez titulável e de sólidos solúveis. A ocorrência de podridões foi elevada, tanto no pomar orgânico como no convencional. A antracnose foi a principal doença, com 100% de incidência nos frutos de ambos os pomares, seguida pela podridão de Fusarium, com 25,5% no convencional e 19,0% no orgânico. Já para a podridão de Phomopsis, a incidência foi superior no pomar convencional (11,0%), comparado ao orgânico (2,0%). Com auxílio de uma escala diagramática, estimou-se a severidade da antracnose, de 34,1% nos frutos orgânicos e de 39,8% nos frutos do pomar convencional. Os frutos orgânicos apresentaram-se maiores, com maior espessura da casca, menor rendimento em polpa e maior teor de sólidos solúveis. O índice de murchamento não diferiu entre os maracujás dos dois sistemas de cultivo. Com base nos resultados obtidos, medidas de controle fitossanitárias no campo e na pós-colheita devem ser adotadas, visando a obter frutos de maior qualidade.

Incidência de danos pós-colheita em goiabas no mercado atacadista de São Paulo e sua relação com a prática de ensacamento dos frutos

A incidência de danos pós-colheita em goiabas foi quantificada no período de abril de 2005 a agosto de 2006 em quatro permissionários do Entreposto Terminal de São Paulo da Companhia de Entrepostos e Armazéns Gerais de São Paulo (CEAGESP). As amostragens foram feitas de forma estratificada, utilizando calibre, procedência, cor da polpa e ensacamento do fruto como critérios de estratificação. Injúrias mecânicas e doenças pós-colheita foram quantificadas por meio de análise visual de todos os frutos de 323 caixas de goiaba. Foram avaliados 5.081 frutos, dos quais 51,1 % foram provenientes de pomares onde a prática do ensacamento dos frutos era utilizada. Injúrias mecânicas pós-colheita foram observadas em 63 % dos frutos, mas apenas 5,5 % dos frutos mostraram sintomas de doenças. A incidência de doenças pós-colheita foi correlacionada à incidência de injúrias mecânicas apenas nos frutos ensacados (R=0,20, p< 0,05). Essas variáveis não foram correlacionadas nos frutos não- ensacados (R=0,09). Pinta-preta (Guignardia psidii) foi observada em 3,5 % dos frutos e antracnose (Colletotrichum spp.), em 1,1 % deles. Podridões pós-colheita ocasionadas pelos fungos dos gêneros Fusicoccum, Rhizopus e Pestalotia ocorreram em menos de 1% dos frutos. A incidência de doenças provocadas por patógenos quiescentes foi significativamente maior em frutos ensacados (7,7 % dos frutos) que em frutos não-ensacados (2,1 % dos frutos). O oposto foi observado para patógenos que penetram o fruto exclusivamente por ferimentos, cujas médias foram de 0,3 % e 0,8 % de incidência de frutos sintomáticos, respectivamente para frutos ensacados e não-ensacados. Não houve diferença estatística significativa na incidência de doenças quiescentes nos frutos ensacados das variedades de polpa branca (7,8 %) e nas variedades de polpa vermelha (7,3 %).

Caracterização dos danos pós-colheita em citros procedentes de "packinghouse"

As doenças pós-colheita representam um sério obstáculo à citricultura, uma vez que comprometem a qualidade e quantidade dos frutos colhidos. Este trabalho objetivou caracterizar as injúrias pós-colheita de frutos de laranja 'Pêra', 'Lima' e 'Natal' e de tangor 'Murcott', destinados ao mercado interno, após diferentes etapas do beneficiamento em "packinghouse". Foram coletados cem frutos na chegada ao "packinghouse", na banca de embalagem e no palete, após embalamento em caixas de madeira. Os frutos foram individualizados e submetidos à câmara úmida por 24 horas, permanecendo por mais 20 dias a 25ºC e 85% de umidade relativa. A incidência de podridões foi avaliada visualmente após a retirada da câmara úmida e a cada três dias. Os patógenos fúngicos encontrados tiveram a patogenicidade confirmada através da inoculação em frutos sadios. Não houve diferença significativa na incidência de doenças pós-colheita nas diferentes fases do processamento nas variedades Lima e Natal. Na variedade Pêra e no tangor 'Murcott', a incidência de doenças foi menor nas amostras coletadas na chegada ao "packinghouse". O bolor verde (Penicillium digitatum) foi a principal doença encontrada nos diferentes frutos cítricos. Outras doenças importantes foram a antracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), as podridões pedunculares (Lasiodiplodia theobromae e Phomopsis citri) e a podridão azeda (Geotrichum candidum).

Alternative methods for controlling postharvest diseases of rambutan during storage and transportation

Purpose of the review: This article summarises current knowledge of postharvest diseases of rambutans and the measures available for controlling their postharvest decay during storage and transportation. Findings: Various postharvest treatments have been researched to control postharvest diseases of rambutans, while retaining overall fruit quality during storage and transportation. Of these, sulphur dioxide (SO2) fumigation and potassium metabisulphite (K2S2O5) dip treatment, alone or integrated with biocontrol agents under controlled atmosphere, have been shown to reduce the incidence of postharvest diseases, while retaining skin colour and eating quality for up to 21 days in cold storage. Limitations/implications: Globally, there is growing concern regarding the use of “sulphiting” agents on fresh fruits and vegetables and new restrictive regulations from the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) require its declaration. SO2, which is used as a fumigant for table grapes, has been officially defined a pesticide and the United States Environmental Protection Agency requires detectable levels to be less than 10 ppm. Although K2S2O5 showed promising control of decay and colour retention in rambutan fruits during storage, 250 ppm K2S2O5 liberated 80 ppm of SO2, and 0.12 ppm sulphur residue was detected on the pericarp of treated rambutans cultivar ‘Malwana special selection’ after 21 days storage at low temperature. Future research needs: Future research must focus on using modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) with different types of films, including biodegradable packaging, and emerging techniques (eg, active modified atmosphere or superatmospheric oxygen) that can create a desired modified atmosphere and higher relative humidity around the fruit. MAP could be combined with FDA-approved antioxidants, which enable the retention of red skin colour and also act as an antimicrobial agents, to control decay during long-term storage for up to 21 days while in transit.

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT GROWING SYSTEMS ON STRAWBERRY “ELSANTA”

Strawberry fruit (-stands) are a highly perishable fresh produce. With duration of storage the incidence of postharvest diseases, mainly Grey Mould (Botrytis cinerea Fuck.), and the deterioration of quality components (such as firmness, colour, flavor, taste) increase. Usually strawberries are short term cold-stored (1¬-4°C). Given potential duration of storage period vary‚ they tolerate elevated CO2 atmosphere. ’Off-odours’ may occur as consequence of anaerobic metabolism under oxygen deprived conditions.

CONTROL OF POSTHARVEST DISEASES IN LONGAN FRUIT BY OZONE

In order to study the effects of ozone gas treatment on postharvest diseases of longan fruits, cultures of the fungi Lasiodiplodia sp. and Cladosporium sp. cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) were exposed to 20 ppm of ozone. The ozone was applied directly on mycelia of Lasiodiplodia sp. or spore suspension of Cladosporium sp. for 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes. In vitro studies showed that ozone exposure for 60 minutes significantly reduced mycelial growth of Lasiodiplodia sp. and completely inhibited Cladosporium sp. After fumigation with ozone, microscopic observation revealed the presence of abnormal mycelia of Lasiodiplodia sp. Exposing fruits to ozone for 60 minutes soon after inoculation with Lasiodiplodia sp. and Cladosporium sp. was the most effective way of controlling the incidence of postharvest diseases. Therefore, application of ozone could be considered as a possible alternative method to control postharvest decay and prolong storage life of longan fruits.

Control of Postharvest Diseases of Organically Grown Strawberry with Preharvest Applications of some Food Additives and Postharvest Hot Water Dips

AbstractEthanol at 50% (v/v) and sodium bicarbonate at 1% (wt/v), either alone or in combination, were applied to organically grown strawberries 1 h before harvest to control the natural incidence of postharvest diseases. Botrytis cinerea was the major cause of decay in all of the experiments. In three experiments, ethanol significantly reduced the decay incidence after storage for 3 days at 1°C followed by 2 days at 24°C, while the efficacy of sodium bicarbonate was inconsistent. The combination of ethanol and sodium bicarbonate did not increase their efficacy. Postharvest hot water dips at 55 and 60°C for 30 s significantly reduced the decay incidence to 3.4 and 2.7%, respectively, while decay incidence in the control was 28.5% (the first experiment). The efficacy of the hot water treatments at 55 and 60°C for 30 s was consistent in three experiments. In the third experiment, the efficacy of hot water treatment at 60°C was significantly higher than that of hot water treatment at 55°C. All pre‐ and postharvest treatments significantly reduced natural fungal populations on the surfaces of fruits. None of the pre‐ and postharvest treatments caused surface injuries to the fruit or adversely affected weight loss and taste parameters.

Near-Harvest Applications of Metschnikowia fructicola, Ethanol, and Sodium Bicarbonate to Control Postharvest Diseases of Grape in Central California.

The yeast Metschnikowia fructicola, ethanol, and sodium bicarbonate (SBC), alone or in combinations, were applied to table grapes on vines 24 h before harvest to control the incidence of postharvest diseases. In four experiments, all significantly reduced the total number of decayed berries caused by Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria spp., or Aspergillus niger after storage for 30 days at 1°C followed by 2 days at 20°C. In three experiments, a mean gray mold incidence (caused by B. cinerea) of 34.2 infected berries per kilogram among untreated grape was reduced by Metschnikowia fructicola at 2 × 107 CFU/ml, ethanol at 50% (vol/vol), or SBC at 2% (wt/vol) to 12.9, 8.1, or 10.6 infected berries per kilogram, respectively. Ethanol, SBC, and SO2 generator pads were similarly effective. M. fructicola effectiveness was not improved when combined with ethanol or SBC treatments. Ethanol and yeast treatments did not harm the appearance of the grapes. M. fructicola and SBC left noticeable residues, and SBC caused some visible phytotoxicity to the rachis and berries. Ethanol applied at 50% (vol/vol) reduced epiphytic fungal and bacterial populations by about 50% compared with controls. M. fructicola populations persisted on berries during storage when applied alone or after ethanol treatments, whereas SBC reduced its population significantly.