Although chronic pain is known to be a serious problem among many persons with acquired amputation, little is known about the incidence and severity of pain in the first year following amputation. This study sought to describe the incidence and severity of phantom limb pain (PLP), residual limb pain (RLP), back pain, and other types of pain in a cohort of prospectively followed adults with newly acquired amputation. Consecutive cases (N = 130) of new amputations were recruited from a Level I trauma hospital and a VA hospital. Measures of pain locations, pain intensity (Numeric Rating Scale-11), and pain severity (Chronic Pain Grade, Brief Pain Inventory) as well as demographic and medical variables were collected via structured telephone interviews at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post amputation. The sample was 80% male, 89% Caucasian, and had a mean age of 52.0 years. The incidence of PLP at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post amputation was 73%, 76%, 74%, and 72%, respectively. RLP was reported by 17%, 16%, 11%, and 17% at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Back pain was prevalent and remained fairly constant within the first year (40%, 41%, 40%, and 33%). Between 40% and 52% of the sample reported pain in other locations (eg, shoulders, nonamputated limb) across the first year. Although rates of pain were constant over time, overall pain severity decreased over time. However, over 25% of the sample reported severe pain at 12 months. The findings suggest that PLP and back pain are very prevalent and stable in the first year after an amputation. The findings highlight the significance of various pain problems following amputation and suggest the need for the development and testing of interventions that will prevent and/or decrease pain and its impact in persons with acquired amputations.