Incidence Of Mastitis In Cows Research Articles

Adapted Machinery and Technology for Alpine Pasture Dairy Farming

The paper highlights that grazing a dairy herd on ecologically pristine mountain pastures facilitates the production of raw milk at reduced costs. Preserving the native properties of milk and achieving superior product quality necessitates prompt milk processing, particularly through efficient cooling and storage at low temperatures. (Research purpose) The primary objective of this research is to substantiate the methodology for dairy cattle management and to develop technological solutions for milking and primary milk processing in mountainous pastures. (Materials and methods) Prototypes of milking machines and cooling equipment utilizing natural cold sources were developed and produced. Trials were conducted on farms in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. A methodology to produce consumable milk has been developed considering the natural and climatic conditions inherent in grazing dairy cattle on mountain pastures and existing machinery for milking and primary processing of raw materials. The technology includes the basic operations such as dairy herd feeding and management, milking, primary milk processing and storage of drinking cow’s milk. (Results and discussion) The technology is poised to enhance milk production by 10 percent, elevate the fat content by 3 percent, and decrease the incidence of mastitis in cows attributed to conventional machine milking tailored for lowland conditions by 40 percent. Moreover, it promises a 15 percent reduction in energy consumption for operating milking and refrigeration equipment as well as an increase in labor productivity. These technical and technological advancements are fortified with patent protection. (Conclusions) The development of dairy farming in mountainous regions, rich in naturally growing, ecologically pristine pasture lands, is an economically attractive direction to produce premium domestic dairy products. Comparative analyses conducted through laboratory assessments and field trials substantiate the viability of employing the proposed technological methodologies and machinery.

Инновационный продукт «ПРЕВАКС» в комплексной терапии и профилактике маститов

This article presents the results of clinical trials of the PREVAX supplement. The article presents the results of studying the tolerance of the PREVAX additive in highly productive cows, the results of the preventive and therapeutic use of the PREVAX additive in highly productive cows with subclinical and clinical forms of mastitis, as well as the effect of the additive on milk parameters and milk yield. The use of the additive «PREVAX» in order to prevent the incidence of mastitis has a positive effect. It was found that giving the supplement orally through the drinking system at a dose of 1 ml per 100 liters of water for 60 days reduced the incidence of mastitis in cows by 70 %. The administration of the PREVAX supplement to cows with a clinical form of mastitis at a dose of 4 ml per 100 liters of water against the background of classical mamikur therapy at a dose of 10 ml intracisternally is well tolerated by animals, gives a pronounced positive clinical effect and leads to the normalization of the number of somatic milk cells on the sixth day of treatment. At the same time, treatment without the use of the PREVAX supplement led to a similar result only after 12 days of treatment.

Additive “PREVAX” application for mastitis prevention and complex treatment in high-producing cows

This article presents the results of clinical trials of the supplement “PREVAX”. The results of the additive tolerability study «PREVAX» are presented in high-producing cows, the results of preventive and therapeutic use of the supplement “PREVAX” in high-producing cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis, and the effect of the supplement on milk parameters and milk production. The application of the additive “PREVAX” for the prevention of mastitis has a positive effect. The administration of the supplement orally through the watering system at a dose of 1 ml per 100 litres of water for 60 days was found to reduce the incidence of mastitis in cows by 70%. Administration of the additive “PREVAX” to cows with the clinical form of mastitis at a dose of 4 ml per 100 litres of water in the background of classical therapy with Mamikur at a dose of 10 ml intra-cisternally is well tolerated by the animals, gives a pronounced positive clinical effect and leads to normalisation of somatic cell count in milk on the sixth day of treatment. At the same time, treatment without the supplement “PREVAX” only led to a similar result after 12 days of treatment.

Prevalence, Diagnosis and Improving the Effectiveness of Therapy of Mastitis in Cows of Dairy Farms in East Kazakhstan.

Simple SummaryMastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland that occurs in response to adverse mechanical, physical, chemical and biological factors. The use of antibiotics as a treatment has a negative impact on milk quality. This paper proposes the treatment of mastitis with a drug that contains natural, environmentally friendly and pharmacologically active preparations. The inclusion of the preparation into the scheme of treatment allows to treat effectively inflammatory processes in the udder of cows and restore their productivity with minimal time and expenses. The drug has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and stimulating healing effects.In the present work, the prevalence, etiological factors and effective treatment scheme of mastitis in cows of dairy farms “Balke” and “Madi-R” in Eastern Kazakhstan were investigated. In total, 210 heads were investigated on two farms. The incidence of mastitis in cows on dairy farms is not the same in different years. Average clinical mastitis was detected in 35.4% of cows in 2016, 19.6% in 2017, 28.5% in 2018, and in 2019 in 16.4% of cows. The prevalence rates of subclinical mastitis by year had some differences. So, in 2016—36.5% of cows, then in 2017—21.5%, 2018—19.3% and in 2019—22.6%. In cows with udder inflammation, serum calcium 9.37 ± 0.15 mg/% with a range of 8.0 to 10.8 mg/%, phosphorus 3.58 ± 0.07 mg/% (3.0 to 4.3 mg/%), reserve alkalinity 363.46 ± 6.69 mg/% (320 to 440), carotene 0.49 ± 0.03 mg/% (0.220 to 0.988 mg/%), which are in the lower limit of physiological parameters. The drug “Dorob” was tested during the study of comparative effectiveness of treatment methods. The results of the study showed that this drug has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and stimulating healing actions. The treatment of the sick cows with catarrhal mastitis has shown that a total of 8 cows have recovered in the control group and 10 cows in the experimental group with the preparation “Dorob”. The period of recovery in the control group was 8.8 ± 0.39, and in the experimental group—6.2 ± 0.28 (p < 0.05). The drug does not contain antibiotics and hormonal preparations. The inclusion of the drug in the scheme of treatment allows for effectively treating inflammatory processes in the udder of cows and restoring their productivity with minimal cost of time and money.

Integrated system for the prevention and treatment of mastitis in lactating cows

The disease of cows with mastitis is a serious problem in the intensive use of animals and the financial well-being of dairy farms [1,5]. The development of animal health programs, as well as the introduction of an integrated approach to the prevention of mastitis using modern pharmacotherapy, is the main task of veterinary medicine today [10,11]. Different groups of microorganisms cause mastitis; recently, frequent cases of participation of Klebsiella, gram-negative polymorphic microorganisms, can be noted [7,8]. Analysis of statistics shows that mastitis becomes recurrent in 40% of cases. The repeated occurrence of mastitis occurs as a result of the weakening of the body and the immune system, as well as the development of bacterio-resistance [9]. In our scientific work (2015-2021), various methods of preventive and therapeutic measures were used on farms. The main ones were: preparation of the udder for milking, treatment of milking and dairy equipment with disinfectants, compliance with machine milking regimes. Every year, the latest drugs were used to treat mastitis and increase the overall resistance of the body and the immune system [2,3]. The purpose of this article is to create a unified approach in the prevention and treatment of mastitis, thereby pursuing the preservation of the health of dairy cows, obtaining environmentally friendly products and reducing the economic damage to farms. In the complex use of modern medicines to increase the overall resistance and immune system of the body, as well as the processing of milking and dairy equipment, the incidence of mastitis in cows was reduced by 2 times. The use of new anti-mastitis drugs showed high efficiency, which reached 86.7-96.7% of each, and when two drugs were used simultaneously, it was 98.2% [4].

EFFICACY OF PROAUTOVAK APPLICATION FOR THE PREVENTION OF POSTPARTUM MASTITIS IN COWS

The article presents the results of the effect of proautovak on the morphological and biochemical blood indicators of cows. The prophylactic effect of the application of this drug has been noted, which is expressed in a decrease in the intensity of lipid and protein peroxidation processes, endogenous intoxication phenomena while increasing local protection factors, activating an antioxidant system, which clinically manifested itself by a decrease in the incidence of mastitis in cows in the postpartum period.

HYGIENIC PROTECTION OF UDDER TEATS IN PREVENTION OF MASTITIS IN COWS

Introduction into the daily milking procedure of the hygienic product “ItalmasVP - I 2500”, based on an iodine-polymer complex, which has a disinfecting and regenerating-healing effect for the treatment of the udder teats after milking,allows to reduce the level of bacterial contamination of the udder and improve the quality of milk by reducing bacterial contamination of milk and decreasing the number of somatic cells. “ItalmasVP - I 2500” has a high prophylactic efficacy for the incidence of mastitis in cows and ensures a longer hygienic protection of the cow’s udder teats.

Impact of various milking equipment on incidence of mastitis in dairy herd

It was found that the lowest percentage of cows with mastitis was recorded in winter: 10.3% (P≤0.001) when milking with ‘De Laval’ equipment and 17.7% (P≤0.001) when milking with the ADM-8A unit. The highest incidence of mastitis in cows was observed in summer: 21.0% (P≤0.001) and 27.1% (P≤0.001), respectively, when milking cows at milking parlors ‘De Laval’ and ADM-8A. It was found that, when using milking equipment ADM-8A, adult cows are 2.1-1.7 times more prone to mastitis compared to cows of the 1st and 2nd calving. When milking cows with the ‘De Laval’ unit, the incidence of mastitis in adult cows is 4.3-1.1 times higher than in cows of the 1st and 2nd calving. Gentle milking mode on the ‘De Laval’ equipment allowed to increase the number of completely healthy animals to 74%, which is 9.6% more than when using the milking unit ADM-8A (64.4%), and to reduce the incidence of clinical mastitis in cows by 3.4 times. It has been established that in cows with disorders in the udder the content of somatic cells in the secretion of the udder significantly changes (with a high degree of correlation) in all periods of the functional state of the body. Thus, during subclinical mastitis r=l0.72 (P≤0.001) and udder irritation r=l0.58 (P≤0.05). At the beginning of lactation, subclinical mastitis is accompanied with significant changes in the activity of enzymes: muramidase r=l0.84 (P≤0.001), lactoperoxidase r=l0.65 (P≤0.01) and lactoferrin r=l0.66 (P≤0.01).

Impact of bovine lipocalin-2 haplotype on milk composition, somatic cell score and incidence of mastitis in Polish Holstein-Friesian cattle

ABSTRACT Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a secreted protein, produced e.g. by neutrophils – the main group of cells involved in inflammatory conditions caused by pathogenic bacteria. So far, no studies have been carried out on the genetic variability of the LCN2 gene in cattle in terms of immunity/susceptibility to mastitis in cows. This study concerns the analysis of polymorphisms within the LCN2 gene in cattle and their impact on the production traits and the incidence of mastitis in Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. Using the PCR-RFLP method, two polymorphisms – g.98784892C > T and g.98784893T > G – were identified in intron 5 of the LCN2 gene, which represent two haplotypes (CT and TG, respectively). The CT haplotype was shown to have a significant impact on the average somatic cell score of milk, however, the CT and TG haplotypes were found to have no impact on the milk yield, protein, fat and lactose levels, or the incidence of mastitis in cows. An analysis of polymorphisms in the bovine LCN2 gene could be employed in future to support selection in dairy cattle breeding programmes focused towards the somatic cell count in milk, and the LCN2 gene itself could become a molecular marker of cows’ immunity to mastitis.

Polymorphism of bovine lipocalin-2 gene and its impact on milk production traits and mastitis in Holstein Friesian cattle

Mastitis is one of the most serious diseases of dairy cattle, causing substantial financial losses. While predisposition to reduced somatic cell count in milk has been considered for in cattle breeding programs as the key indicator of udder health status, scientists are seeking genetic markers of innate immune response, which could be helpful in selecting cows with improved immunity to mastitis. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a protein involved in the response of the immune system by eliminating iron ions which are necessary for the growth of pathogenic bacteria, so LCN2 may be considered as a natural bacteriostatic agent and could become a marker of infection. A total of five SNPs were identified in LCN2 gene (one in the promoter, three in exon 1, and one in intron 1). A single haplotype block was identified. The locus g.98793763G > C was found to have a significant impact on protein levels in milk, and alleles of this locus were identified to have a significant positive dominance effect on this trait. None of the four analysed loci had a statistically significant impact on the milk yield, fat levels in milk or the somatic cell score. LCN-2 gene had no significant impact on the incidence of mastitis in the cows. Although the identified SNPs were not found to have any impact on the somatic cell count or the incidence of mastitis in cows, it seems that further research is necessary, covering a larger population of cattle, to confirm the association between lipocalin-2 and milk production traits and mastitis. How to cite: Pokorska J, Piestrzyńska-Kajtoch A, Kułaj D, et al. Polymorphism of bovine lipocalin-2 gene and its impact on milk production traits and mastitis in Holstein Friesian cattle. Electron J Biotechnol 2019;40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2019.04.004

Climatic effects on occurrence of clinical mastitis in different breeds of cows and buffaloes

The study was conducted to find out the effect of different seasons on incidence of mastitis throughout the year in Indigenous cows, crossbred cows and Murrah buffaloes. Lactation records pertaining to the 12 year period were collected and incidence of mastitis was plotted against the climograph of the Karnal zone, Haryana, India. The hot humid climate was found to adversely affect the incidence of mastitis in all the breeds of cows and Murrah buffaloes. The incidence was significantly affected by the season (p<0.01) in all the breeds, however incidence was lowest in Murrah buffaloes in comparison to cows. Further incidence was more in Sahiwal and Tharparkar cows (p<0.01) than the crossbred Karan Swiss and Karan Fries cows. The increase in temperature humidity index resulted in increased incidence of mastitis in cows (p<0.01) but Murrah buffaloes were less affected.

Comparative study on the incidence of mastitis during different parities in cows and buffaloes

The data was collected for the twelve years period to find out the effect of parity and breed on incidence of mastitis. The parity number significantly influenced mastitis incidence in indigenous (P< 0.05) and crossbred cows (P< 0.01) but in Murrah buffaloes the effect was non-significant. The mastitis incidence was lower in first parity than the rest of parity and increased with increase in parity number. Incidence of mastitis was also influenced by breed and was maximum in crossbred cows in comparison to indigenous cows and Murrah buffaloes. It was concluded that increase in parity result in increased incidence of mastitis in cows and buffaloes and the differential incidence was due to breed effect in the same parity.

185. The incidence of mastitis in cows yielding milk low in solids-not-fat

1. In a field investigation covering twenty-nine herds, an average of 19·5% of the animals in milk during the first three months of 1937 were yielding milk low in solids-not-fat, estimated by the routine method, at two consecutive milkings.2. Of the low solids-not-fat cows which were not stale, evidence of mastitis infection was found in an average of 61·5% of cases. Re-examination of some negative animals suggests that the total infection amounted to about 70%.3. There were apparently at least twice as many “subclinical” cases of mastitis as clinical cases.