Incidence Of Malignant Tumors Research Articles

Within-city spatial variations in PM2.5 magnetite nanoparticles and brain cancer incidence in Toronto and Montreal, Canada.

Magnetite nanoparticles are small, strongly magnetic iron oxide particles which are produced during high-temperature combustion and friction processes and form part of the outdoor air pollution mixture. These particles can translocate to the brain and have been found in human brain tissue. In this study, we estimated associations between within-city spatial variations in concentrations of magnetite nanoparticles in outdoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and brain cancer incidence. We performed a cohort study of 1.29 million participants in four cycles of the Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort in Montreal and Toronto, Canada who were followed for malignant brain tumour (glioma) incidence. As a proxy for magnetite nanoparticle content, we measured the susceptibility of anhysteretic remanent magnetization (χARM) in PM2.5 samples (N = 124 in Montreal, N = 110 in Toronto), and values were assigned to residential locations. Stratified Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (per IQR change in volume-normalized χARM). ARM was not associated with brain tumour incidence (HR = 0.998, 95% CI 0.988, 1.009) after adjusting for relevant potential confounders. Although we found no evidence of an important relationship between within-city spatial variations in airborne magnetite nanoparticles and brain tumour incidence, further research is needed to evaluate this understudied exposure, and other measures of exposure to magnetite nanoparticles should be considered.

P.094 Incidence of pathologically confirmed primary malignant brain tumours in Newfoundland and Labrador: an eight-year review spanning 2015-2022

Background: Considering regional and temporal trends, we sought to explore the incidence of primary malignant brain tumours in Newfoundland and Labrador. Methods: We reviewed all primary, malignant brain tumour cases from 2015-2022 confirmed by St. John’s Health Sciences Centre pathology reports. Incidence rates were standardized using the 2011 Canadian standard population. Results: We included 362 cases. The average annual age-standardized incidence rate of primary, malignant brain tumours per 100,000 was 7.0 (95% CI: 6.3-7.7), lower than the national average (7.93; 95% CI: 7.78-8.08). The incidence of glioblastoma (5.1; 95% CI: 4.5-5.7) was significantly higher than the national average (4.05; 95% CI: 3.95-4.16). Temporal trends revealed that oligodendroglioma incidence spiked from 0.5 (95% CI: 0.2-0.7) in 2015-2019 to 1.5 (95% CI: 0.4-2.6) in 2020 before returning to baseline in 2022. Regional trends indicated a lower incidence of malignant tumours in Labrador-Grenfell (5.1; 95% CI: 2.5-7.6), compared to 6.9 (95% CI: 6.2-7.6) averaged elsewhere. Conclusions: Higher rates of glioblastoma in Newfoundland and Labrador could have a genetic or multi-factorial cause. The increased occurrence of oligodendroglioma during the COVID-19 pandemic necessitates broader investigation, potentially linked to delays in patient care during this period. Regional trends could suggest less access to care in rural populations and underestimated incidence.

Comparison of the latest cancer statistics, cancer epidemic trends and determinants between China and the United States

Objective: To provide supports for the cancer prevention and control strategies in China by comparing the disease burden, epidemic trends, 5-year relative survival rate and major determinants of common cancers between China and the United States. Methods: A descriptive secondary analysis was conducted using data extracted from the GLOBOCAN database, the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, Global Burden of disease 2019 database, and previous studies. The main indicators included the cases of malignant tumors in different sites, the cases of deaths, the age-standardized incidence (world standard incidence) and mortality (world standard mortality), the 5-year relative survival rate, and population attributable fraction (PAF). Results: In 2022, an estimated 4.825 million new cases and 2.574 million deaths of malignant neoplasms in China. The world standard incidence rate (201.6/100 000) in China was lower than that in the United States (367.0/100 000), and the world standard mortality rate (96.5/100 000) was higher than that in the United States (82.3/100 000). Lung cancer ranked first in the disease burden of malignant tumors in China, the new cases and deaths accounted for 22.0% and 28.5% of all malignant tumors, respectively. The top three malignant tumors in China were breast cancer (11.5%), prostate cancer (9.7%) and lung cancer (9.5%), which were also among the top five causes of death. However, the second to fifth leading causes of death from malignant tumors in China were digestive system tumors (liver cancer 12.3%, stomach cancer 10.1%, colorectal cancer 9.3%, and esophageal cancer 7.3%). From 2000 to 2018, the world standard incidence of malignant tumors showed an increasing trend and the world standard mortality of malignant tumors showed a decreasing trend in China, while the world standard incidence and mortality of malignant tumors in the United States showed a significant decreasing trend after 2000. The incidence of breast cancer, colorectal cancer and thyroid cancer increased rapidly in China, while the incidence and mortality of stomach cancer, liver cancer and esophageal cancer decreased, but they still had a heavy disease burden. From 2003 to 2015, the overall 5-year relative survival rate of malignant tumors increased from 30.9% to 40.5% in China. However, with the exception of esophageal cancer, the 5-year relative survival rates of other major malignant tumors were lower than those in the United States. In 2019, the PAF of malignant tumors death attributable to potential modifiable risk factors was 48.3% in China, which was similar to the United States (49.8%). Of these, smoking was the most important attributable risk factor, and the PAF was more than 30% both in China and the United States. In addition, about 18.8% of malignant tumors were caused by preventable chronic infections, such as hepatitis B virus and Helicobacter pylori, while less than 4% of malignant tumors in the United States were caused by infection. Conclusions: China has made great progress in the prevention and treatment of malignant tumors, but it still faces a serious disease burden. The cancer spectrum is changing from developing countries to developed countries. We should pay attention to modifiable factors, take comprehensive measures, and prevent cancer scientifically.

Detection of malignant neoplasms in the population of an industrialized region

Introduction. Malignant neoplasms are the leading cause of the death over the world, ranking second after diseases of the circulatory system. The purpose of the investigation — to study the primary detectability, prevalence, and mortality from malignant neoplasms in the population of the industrialized developed region, propose ways of their early detection to prolong labour longevity. Materials and methods. Using the analysis of retrospective statistical data from the Federal State Statistics Service and the Novokuznetsk Branch of the Kuzbass Clinical Oncological Dispensary named after M.S. Rappoport, from 2013 to 2022 the information on the incidence of oncological diseases in whole and in specific locaion was collected. Results. In recent years, the incidence of malignant neoplasms in Russia, the Siberian Federal District, and the Kemerovo Region, among others, has been at a high level and continues to grow. Among men, lung cancer, colorectal cancer and prostate cancer take first place, and the latter has been competing for 2nd place in the structure of oncological pathology since 2020. At the same time, the gain in oncological diseases prevalence falls in the employable age (45 years and older). In addition to the commonly accepted facts about the risk of developing oncological pathology, there are more than 100 factors of the production environment classified as carcinogenic ones. In this regard, Kuzbass, as one of the most important economic regions of Russia, in which the leading role belongs to the industrial complex for mining and processing of coal, iron ores, and various non-metallic raw materials for metallurgy and the construction industry, refers to the regions unfavourable for the development of malignant neoplasms. Limitations. The limitations of the study relate to the impossibility at present to estimate the number of patients with malignant neoplasms employed in harmful labor conditions. Conclusion. As a result of analyzing own data and numerous studies, we propose screening for the most common oncological diseases (lung, prostate, and colorectal cancer) at periodic medical examinations, which will allow identifying these diseases at early stages for timely successful treatment, thereby prolonging labour longevity.

Predictors of Precancerous Diseases of the Cervix

Introduction. The incidence of malignant neoplasms in the population has increased by 1.66 times over the past 15 years, and the incidence of cancer of the cervix and body of the uterus, placenta — by 1.3 times.Materials and methods. 2 groups were formed by the continuous sampling method: 30 women with a diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 30 women without a diagnosis of CIN, who made up the control group. Statistical analysis was carried out using the StatTech 3.1.7 program (Stattech LLC, Russia).Results. Risk factors for precancerous diseases of the cervix include the presence of a history of cardiovascular diseases(p = 0.043), surgical interventions (p = 0.039), sexually transmitted infections (p = 0.023), a large number of pregnancies (regardless of the outcome) (p = 0.013), the presence of abortions (p = 0.04), a large number of sexual partners during life (p = 0.022).Discussion. Frequent change of sexual partners, and as a consequence — a high risk of STIs are also well-known risk factors for cancer and precancerous cervix, in these conditions HPV passes from free to episomal form faster and starts the process of transformation of cervical epithelial cells.Conclusion. The features of the anamnesis of women with precancerous diseases of the cervix are high parity and the presence of abortions, STIs, cardiovascular diseases and surgical interventions in the anamnesis, a large number of sexual partners in life, low adherence to the use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs).

Analysis of Trends of Cancer Epidemiology in Two Provinces of the Western and Eastern China

In this paper, the literature on the incidence and death of malignant tumors in the Chongqing and Jiangsu provinces from 2014–2016 was collected through a literature review. The overall incidence, mortality, tumor spectrum, and possible risk factors of malignant tumor incidence and death in the Chongqing and Jiangsu provinces were compared and analyzed. This aims to provide references and suggestions for the prevention and control of malignant tumors in China.

Chinese expert consensus on the guidance of anti-tumor drugs for patients with tumor combined chronic kidney disease (2024 edition)

The incidence of malignant tumors has steadily increased year by year in China in recent decades ascribed to the population aging and early cancer screening. The emergence of innovative anti-cancer drugs has bolstered the prognosis of cancer patients, making it a chronic disease. Kidney injuries are frequent complications of cancer treatment clinically manifested as acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), proteinuria, and electrolyte disorders, etc. Although kidney injuries affect up to 50% of the patients, there is a lack of professional management guidance for anti-cancer drug dosage adjustment. The clinical pharmacology branch of the Chinese Medical Association has initiated the "Chinese expert consensus on the guidance of anti-tumor drugs for patients with tumor combined chronic kidney disease (2024 edition)". We unified national multidisciplinary experts to analyze clinical evidence with the Delphi method, and conducted expert interviews and seminars focusing on kidney function assessment, anti-tumor drug dosage adjustment for kidney disease patients. We make recommendations on selection and dose adjustment of anti-tumor drugs (chemotherapy, small molecules and antibodies) according to chemotherapeutic drug classifications, providing practical and feasible scientific guidance for clinicians.

Sarcoma incidence worldwide: regional differences in histology and molecular subtypes.

There are numerous sarcoma subtypes and vary widely in terms of epidemiology, clinical characteristics, genetic profiles, and pathophysiology. They also differ widely between ethnic groups. This review focuses on the different incidence rates of sarcomas in different regions and the potential explanations for these disparities. In an intercontinental study using national cancer registry databases from France and Taiwan, the French population had a higher risk of liposarcomas, leiomyosarcomas, and synovial sarcomas, whereas the Taiwanese population had a higher incidence of angiosarcomas and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. The anatomical distribution of these sarcomas also varied between these two regions. In France, most angiosarcoma cases occurred in the extremities and trunk, whereas in Taiwan, angiosarcoma cases in the abdomen and pelvis were more common. Another international study showed that in addition to the common known TP53 and NF1 germline mutations, genes involved in centromere and telomere maintenance were also involved in sarcomagenesis. We reviewed factors related to genetics, environmental effects, chemical exposure, and radiation exposure that could explain the differences in sarcoma incidence among different geographical or ethnic regions. Our understanding of the potential cause of sarcomas with different subtypes is limited. Establishing a comprehensive global database for patients with sarcomas from all ethnic groups is essential to deepen our understanding of the potential risk factors and the pathophysiology of all sarcoma subtypes.

Long-Range Consequences of Emergency Underground Nuclear Explosions in Yakutia: Incidence of Malignant Neoplasms

The paper evaluates the possibility of interrelation of emergency underground nuclear explosions with an increased incidence of cancer among the population of areas bordering the area of emergency underground nuclear explosions, for example, in Suntarsky and Nyurbinsky districts, in which the incidence of malignant neoplasms, mortality from malignant neoplasms is higher than the average in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). For this purpose, the radiation situation of the sites of underground nuclear explosions “Kraton-3” and “Kristall” was investigated: the radionuclide composition of soil and vegetation was studied by semiconductor gamma-ray spectrometry and a water sample by liquid scintillation spectrometry; dosimetric measurements were carried out: the power of exposure doses. Based on the results of water analysis, it is possible to determine the possibility of migration of tritium from the cavities of emergency underground nuclear explosions. The results of the study of vegetation and soil showed the presence of artificial radionuclides 137Cs, 241Am and traces of 60Co. High values of the specific activity of radiocesium are observed in several samples taken near the area “Kraton-3”. Also in this area, the results of dosimetric measurements showed a slight decrease in the gamma background level, but which still remains elevated and exceeds the safe level by 2.5 times. It is possible that the increased incidence rate in the districts of the republic bordering the area of emergency underground nuclear explosions can be considered as their long-term consequences due to additional dose loads, for example, from caesium during the entire time after the explosions, since the half-life of caesium is approximately 30 years. The results of this study can be considered as a basis for the development of recommendations, possible regulations that can be applied in the implementation of compliance with radiation safety standards during future similar tests and during mining, during which there may be emissions of natural radionuclides to the earth's surface.

A Calculating Model of the Need Radiotherapy Departments with Equipment and Personnel due to an Increase in the Incidence of Cancer

Currently, all over the world, in Russia and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), there continues to be a significant increase in the number of cancer diseases, the mortality rate from which is in second place. Existing models for determining the number of devices and employees of a medical institution are mainly based indirectly and directly on the total population of administrative units. However, against the backdrop of an increase in the incidence of malignant neoplasms, it is necessary in the field of providing medical care to the adult population for cancer when determining the equipment parameters of radiotherapy departments to take into account the growing importance of morbidity. This paper presents a model for calculating the quantity of a certain high-tech apparatus, taking into account the incidence of malignant neoplasms as a first approximation in conditions of negligible population growth. Using the example of the radiotherapeutic department of the Yakut Republican dispensary, the initial number of the equipment that satisfies the current needs for medical care for cancer patients of the republic are determined. Based on this an example is made of calculating the number of linear electron accelerators and medical physicists that should be in the department in the near future. The results show that models for calculating equipment and staffing needs need to take into account the increase in cancer incidence.

The effect of metabolism-related lifestyle and clinical risk factors on digestive system cancers in East Asian populations: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis

Metabolic factors play a critical role in the development of digestive system cancers (DSCs), and East Asia has the highest incidence of malignant tumors in the digestive system. We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to explore the associations between 19 metabolism-related lifestyle and clinical risk factors and DSCs, including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, hepatocellular, biliary tract, and pancreatic cancer. The causal association was explored for all combinations of each risk factor and each DSC. We gathered information on the instrumental variables (IVs) from various sources and retrieved outcome information from Biobank Japan (BBJ). The data were all from studies of east Asian populations. Finally, 17,572 DSCs cases and 195,745 controls were included. Our analysis found that genetically predicted alcohol drinking was a strong indicator of gastric cancer (odds ratio (OR) = 0.95; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93–0.98) and hepatocellular carcinoma (OR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.05–1.18), whereas coffee consumption had a potential protective effect on hepatocellular carcinoma (OR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.53–0.90). Triglyceride was potentially associated with a decreased risk of biliary tract cancer (OR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.34–0.81), and uric acid was associated with pancreatic cancer risk (OR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.37–0.96). Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was associated with esophageal and gastric cancer. Additionally, there was no evidence for a causal association between other risk factors, including body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, educational levels, lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, glycine, creatinine, gout, and Graves’ disease, and DSCs. The leave-one-out analysis revealed that the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs671 from the ALDH2 gene has a disproportionately high contribution to the causal association between alcohol drinking and gastric cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as the association between coffee consumption and hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study revealed multiple metabolism-related lifestyle and clinical risk factors and a valuable SNP rs671 for DSCs, highlighting the significance of metabolic factors in both the prevention and treatment of DSCs.

Global incidence and prevalence of malignant orbital tumors

PurposeAims to provide an overview of the contemporary epidemiology of malignant orbital tumors by analyzing population-based incidence patterns across various regions worldwide. MethodIn this article, we retrieved orbital malignancy data from the MEDLINE database and analyzed the incidence and prevalence of orbital malignancies worldwide. We performed the literature search by searching on the Mesh terms for malignant orbital tumors ("orbital," "tumor," "lymphoma," "malignant," "cancer," "incidence," and "epidemiology"). All included studies were published between 1993 and 2023 and were written in English. ResultsOcular or ophthalmic lymphoma most frequently occurred in the orbit, with a prevalence ranging from 47% to 54%. The incidence of malignant orbital tumors is increasing in the USA (2.0 per million (1981- 1993), Netherlands (0.86 (1981 to 1985) to 2.49 (2001 to 2005) per million) and South Korea (0.3 to 0.8 per million (1999 to 2016)), respectively. Ophthalmic lymphoma which includes orbit lymphoma is increasing in Canada (0.17 to1.47 per million (1992 - 2010)), Denmark (0.86 per million (1981 to 1985) to 2.49 per million (2001 to 2005)), respectively. ConclusionsThe predominant primary malignant orbital tumor in adults was lymphoma. Ocular or ophthalmic lymphoma most frequently occurs in the orbit. The limited data available suggested an increasing trend in the incidence of malignant orbital tumors in each country included, which were mainly attributed to the increase in lymphoma. Generally, incidence rates were found to increase with advancing age, with no difference between males and females.

CORRELATION OF Ki-67 CELL PROLIFERATION MARKER EXPRESSION WITH AGE,
 SEX, DISEASE STAGE, AND TUMOR DIFFERENTIATION IN GASTRIC CANCER

Relevance: Gastric cancer continues to lead the cancer incidence structure. One of the directions of a comprehensive plan to reduce the
 incidence of malignant neoplasms is the development a highly efficient early diagnostics based on the relationship between the expression of
 the cell proliferation marker Ki-67 in gastric cancer with age, sex, stage of the disease and the degree of tumor differentiation according to
 immunohistochemical analysis.
 The study aimed to study the relationship between the expression of the Ki-67 marker in gastric cancer and age, sex, stage of the disease,
 and the degree of tumor differentiation.
 Methods: The research design is a comparative descriptive study. For the study, surgical material was used from 109 patients with gastric
 cancer stages 0-IIIC, obtained during gastric cancer operations from the pathology department of the West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov
 Medical University (WKMOMU) Medical Center from 2021 to 2022. Histological and immunohistochemical studies were conducted at the
 morphological laboratory of the Department of Histology of WKMOMU. The obtained data was statistically processed.
 Results: The present study showed a significant statistical correlation between the Ki-67 level and the histopathological grade of gastric
 cancer (p=0.039).
 The indicators such as ‘pTNM stage’ (p=0.894), ‘Age’ (p=0.664), ‘Sex (F – 1, M – 2)’ (p=0.928), and ‘Tumor localization (cardiac – 1, body – 2,
 antral and pyloric – 3)’ (p=0.866) did not statistically significantly correlated with the Ki-67 expression level.
 Conclusions: The relationship between Ki-67 expression and histopathological grade (p=0.039) in gastric cancer helps identify patients
 with aggressive tumors that require adjuvant therapy.

Whole-process case management effects on mental state and self-care ability in patients with liver cancer.

Regarding the incidence of malignant tumors in China, the incidence of liver cancer ranks fourth, second only to lung, gastric, and esophageal cancers. The case fatality rate ranks third after lung and cervical cancer. In a previous study, the whole-process management model was applied to patients with breast cancer, which effectively reduced their negative emotions and improved treatment adherence and nursing satisfaction. To explore Mental state and self-care ability in patients with liver cancer: effects of whole-process case management. In this single-center, randomized, controlled study, 60 randomly selected patients with liver cancer who had been admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to January 2022 were randomly divided into an observation group (n = 30), who received whole-process case management on the basis of routine nursing measures, and a control group (n = 30), who were given routine nursing measures. We compared differences between the two groups in terms of anxiety, depression, the level of hope, self-care ability, symptom distress, sleep quality, and quality of life. Post-intervention, Hamilton anxiety scale, Hamilton depression scale, memory symptom assessment scale, and Pittsburgh sleep quality index scores in both groups were lower than those pre-intervention, and the observation group had lower scores than the control group (P < 0.05). Herth hope index, self-care ability assessment scale-revision in Chinese, and quality of life measurement scale for patients with liver cancer scores in both groups were higher than those pre-intervention, with higher scores in the observation group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Whole-process case management can effectively reduce anxiety and depression in patients with liver cancer, alleviate symptoms and problems, and improve the level of hope, self-care ability, sleep quality, and quality of life, as well as provide feasible nursing alternatives for patients with liver cancer.

Abstract 4720: Effects of removing heat and nourishing yin prescription on malignant phenotype and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway of human esophageal carcinoma cells

Abstract Introduction: Esophageal carcinoma (EC) ranks eighth in the incidence of malignant tumors and the sixth mortality worldwide. This study aims to screen out the Chinese herbs with strong inhibitory effects on the proliferation of four kinds of EC cells EC9706, EC-1, TE-1 and Eca109 from 366 Chinese herbs produced in Henan Province, and study the effect of composed Removing Heat and Nourshing Yin Prescription(RHNYP) on the proliferation, migration, invasion and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway of four EC cells. Methods: MTT and orthogonal design was applied to screen out the best effective Chinese herbs and determine the optimal dosage ratio of prescription on EC9706, EC-1, TE-1, Eca109 cells from 366 Chinese herbs alcohol extracts, the effects of this prescription on the proliferation, migration, invasion, clone formation, cell cycle and apoptosis of four EC cells were investigated by MTT, RTCA, soft agarose colony forming test, flow cytometry and western blot analysis. Then exploring the effects of RHNYP on EC related signaling pathways and key genes expression by western blot and RT-PCR assay. Results: Rhizoma Fagopyri Dibotryis(Jinqiaomai), Rhizoma Anemarrhenae(Zhimu), Asparagus Cochinchinensis(Tiandong), and Carpesium Abrolanoides Linne(Heshi) were screened out and composed Removing Heat and Nourshing Yin Prescription(RHNYP) according to their efficacy and orthogonal design. RHNYP could obviously inhibit the proliferation of EC9706, TE-1, EC-1, ECa109 cells with dose-effect and time-dependent manner. IC50 values of Jinqiaomai, Zhimu, Tiandong, Heshi in RHNYP for EC9706 cell were 27.639μg/ml, 40.015μg/ml, 9.044μg/ml, 11.208μg/ml respectively; for EC-1 cell were 24.575μg/ml, 56.991μg/ml, 9.361μg/ml, 13.584μg/ml respectively; for TE-1 cell were 23.534μg/ml, 25.862μg/ml, 6.788μg/ml, 8.911μg/ml respectively; for ECa109 cell were 33.990μg/ml, 33.604μg/ml, 19.873μg/ml, 15.227μg/ml respectively. RHNYP could effectively inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion, cloning ability, cell cycle and reduce apoptosis of four EC cells. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway had closely relationship with the occurrence and development of EC and RHNYP could effectively regulate the proteins expression on the pathway. CDCK3, KIF4A and RAD51AP1 genes were negatively correlated with the overall survival of EC patients and RHNYP could significantly inhibit their expression in four EC cells. Conclusion: RHNYP can effectively inhibit EC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and cell cycle, induce apoptosis, which may be related to the regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Citation Format: Fuchun Si, Wenyu Zhao, Gao Si, Xuejie Song. Effects of removing heat and nourishing yin prescription on malignant phenotype and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway of human esophageal carcinoma cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 4720.

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS IN THE POPULATION OF THE MYKOLAIV REGION

In order to study the epidemiological features of malignant neoplasms, methods of the statistical analysis were applied to assess the spread of malignant neoplasms in the population of the Mykolaiv region. This is a description of the regions characterized by statistically significant differences in the incidence of malignant neoplasms. An in-depth analysis of factors that potentially influence the development of cancer in areas with an increased risk of the occurrence and development of malignant tumors was conducted. For the epidemiological characteristics of malignant neoplasms in the population of the Mykolaiv region, the indicators of the National Cancer Registry, the Mykolaiv Regional Cancer Registry, and the statistics department of the Mykolaiv Regional Oncology Dispensary for the period from 2019 to 2021 were analyzed. Regional features of the development of malignant neoplasms in the population of the Mykolaiv region were revealed based on the analysis of statistical data on the primary detection of cancer in 19 regions, 3 cities and the regional center - Mykolaiv for 2019-2021. The improved method of assessing the medical and ecological situation at different territorial levels was based on a combination of traditional methods of research on cancer incidence and the use of information technologies. Correlation, factor and cluster analysis methods were used to assess the impact of individual environmental factors on the incidence of malignant neoplasms. Territorial regularities of the studied territories were investigated with the help of statistical analysis. Territorial statistics made it possible to analyze trends in the spread of disease, to identify cause-and-effect relationships between environmental factors and health indicators.

Epstein–Barr virus (Orthoherpesviridae: &lt;i&gt;Lymphocryptovirus&lt;/i&gt;) among Russian ethnic groups: Prevalence of EBV types (EBV-1 and EBV-2), &lt;i&gt;LMP1&lt;/i&gt; gene variants and malignancies

Introduction. The discovery of two EBV types (EBV-1 and EBV-2) has stimulated the study of their prevalence in populations and association with malignancies.&#x0D; Objective. To study the prevalence of EBV-1 and EBV-2 types among ethnic groups in Russia, to analyze PCR products of the LMP1 gene in virus isolates, and to evaluate the contribution of EBV types to the incidence of malignant neoplasms.&#x0D; Materials and methods. EBV isolates from oral lavages of the Republics Adygea, Kalmykia, Tatarstan and the Moscow Region (MR) representatives were studied by nested PCR for the belonging to EBV-1 and EBV-2 types. LMP1 amplicons obtained by real-time PCR from viral isolates DNA were classified and sequenced on an automatic DNA sequencer ABI PRISM 3100-Avant (USA). The sequencing results were analyzed using Chromas 230 and Vector NT programs (Invitrogen, USA). The reliability of the obtained data was assessed using statistical packages Statistica for Windows, 10.0.&#x0D; Results. The prevalence rates of EBV-1 and EBV-2 in representatives of four ethnic groups were compared with the incidence rates of some tumors in the population of three Republics and MR.&#x0D; The dominant persistence of the transforming in vitro EBV-1 type in representatives of the Republic of Tatarstan and MR correlated with a high incidence of gastric cancer and lymphomas in the population of these territories. On the contrary, predominant infection of the non-transforming in vitro EBV-2 type and both types of the virus in approximately the same percentage of representatives of Adygea and Kalmykia, respectively, correlated with a lower level incidence of above tumors in populations of these Republics. The differences between the incidence rates of neoplasms in the compared ethnic populations were statistically insignificant (p 0.05). LMP1 variants of viral isolates did not reflect either the level of EBV persistence types or the incidence of tumors.&#x0D; Conclusion. Infection of ethnic groups with EBV-1 and EBV-2 may vary significantly under the influence of various factors. The predominance of the in vitro transforming EBV-1 type in the population did not increase the incidence of tumors due to cases associated with the dominant virus type.

APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THYROID CANCER WITH ENHANCED COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

Thyroid Cancer (TC) is a common malignant tumor, head and neck in the incidence of malignant tumors in the seventh, ranked fourth in the incidence in women. There are several methods to diagnose and recognize TC, such as ultrasonic, computed tomography (CT) and other means. While, it is an important role for CT examination in the diagnosis of TC, because it has the characteristics of objectivity, repeatability, and multi-dimensional imaging, and can clearly understand the scope and spatial characteristics of the lesion. CT has unique advantages in showing lymph nodes and distant metastases, such as coarse-walled or thick-walled ring calcification. The early diagnosis of TC mainly relies on manual labor, which is very inefficient. With the continuous development of information science, the construction of TC diagnosis and recognition models based on artificial intelligence (AI) has gradually become a research hotspot. At present, research on AI-based thyroid screening models mainly focuses on four aspects: first, thyroid region segmentation and image denoising based on image-omics; second, the establishment of a high-precision TC risk prediction model based on multi-omics data; third, screening of biomarkers of TC for clinical diagnosis; fourth, establish the early screening model of TC based on AI. This paper reviews the research status of the AI-based thyroid screening model based on the above four aspects. In addition, this paper also summarizes the main challenges faced by the current AI -based TC recognition and detection model and it proposes a new research idea for the future TC early screening research based on enhanced CT.

Exploring the Oncogenic Potential of TIMM8A: A Crucial Factor in Breast Cancer Tumorigenesis

BackgroundFemale breast cancer has become the world's most common malignant tumor, displacing lung malignancy, and the incidence of malignant tumors has increased continuously in recent decades. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of breast tumorigenesis have not been fully elucidated. By consulting the literature, we discovered that the TIMM8A gene could affect oxidative stress and apoptosis in patients with Mohr–Tranebjærg syndrome. However, the biological function of TIMM8A has yet to be explored. Materials and MethodsWe investigated the expression level of TIMM8A via bioinformatic analysis and performed immunohistochemistry, diagnostic value, immune infiltration, functional enrichment, and survival analyses. Nonetheless, in vitro, additional experiments were performed. We explored whether TIMM8A expression was greater in breast tumors than in nearby normal tissues through qRT‒PCR. The expression of TIMM8A was knocked down by siRNA. Then, we conducted proliferation tests (CCK-8 experiment and colony formation) and Transwell assays (migration and invasion assays) to determine the specific biological functions of TIMM8A in the MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 cell lines. ResultsTumor samples exhibited higher TIMM8A expression and exon expression, whereas normal tissues had higher TIMM8A methylation. The expression level of TIMM8A was linked to immune infiltration and survival, making it a valuable prognostic indicator and effective diagnostic tool. Functional enrichment analysis of TIMM8A indicated potential pathways through which it may play a role. In vitro experiments demonstrated that suppressing TIMM8A significantly inhibited the viability, colony formation, migration, and invasion of breast carcinoma cell lines. ConclusionThis study revealed that TIMM8A is an oncogene and is critical for the tumorigenesis of breast carcinoma.

Long-Term Efficacy Analysis of Surgical Resection of 70 Primary Right Heart Tumors

Introduction: The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical characteristics, surgical treatment, and long-term efficacy of primary right heart tumors. Methods: This study is retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 70 patients with primary right heart tumors admitted to our department between 1980 and 2022 (observation group) and 70 patients with left heart tumors during the same period (control group). The surgical treatment was performed under cardiopulmonary bypass after differential diagnosis by echocardiography, cardiac CTA, and PET-CT before the surgery. The perioperative characteristics, recurrence rate, and long-term survival rates of right heart tumor versus left heart tumor were compared. Results: The most common pathological types of right heart tumors were myxoma (60%), lipoma (8.57%), and papillary elastofibroma (7.14%). During the perioperative period, there were 1 case of systemic embolism in the observation group, compared with 6 in the control group (p = 0.026), 13 cases of malignant tumor in the observation group versus 1 in the control group (p = 0.01). During the follow-up period, there were 15 cases of tumor recurrence and 17 cases of death in the observation group versus 4 (p = 0.002) and 7 in the control group (p = 0.006), comparatively. Conclusion: Compared with left heart tumors, primary right heart tumors had a higher incidence of malignant tumors and a lower risk of systemic embolism during perioperative period. During the follow-up period, primary right heart tumors had a higher rate of tumor recurrence and a lower long-term survival rate.