Incidence Of Gastrointestinal Parasites Research Articles

Incidence of gastro-intestinal parasites in Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves under organized farming system in East coast plain region of Andhra Pradesh

Incidence of gastro-intestinal parasites in Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves under organized farming system in East coast plain region of Andhra Pradesh

Incidence of gastrointestinal parasites by stool examination methods in horses in Van

Objective: This study was carried out to determine the distribution of digestive system parasites in horses in İpekyolu, Tusba, Özalp, Saray and Gürpınar districts in Van between June 2019 and May 2020. 
 Materials and Methods: Materials of this study consist of a total of 95 horse stool samples, 58 male and 37 female, from different races, ranging in age from 1 to 12 years. 
 Results: Various parasitic infections were detected in 65 (68.42%) of 95 horses examined by stool examination. While 55 of 65 infected horse stool samples were infected with a single species, it was determined that stool samples of 10 horses were infected with two species. In infected horses, at most Strongylidae spp. (44.21%) were detected followed by Parascaris equorum (11.57%), Eimeria leuckarti (6.31%), Anoplocephala spp. (5.26%), Oxyuris equi (4.21%), D. dendriticum (3.16%), and Fasciola spp. (4.21%). When the infected horses were evaluated according to age groups, parasitic infections were detected in 34 (35.79%) horses aged 8 years and above, 29 (30.53%) between the ages of 5-7 and 12 (12.63%) between the ages of 1-4. When the infected horses were evaluated according to gender groups, parasitic infections were found in 38 (65.51%) of 58 male horses and 27 (72.92%) of 37 female horses. 
 Conclusion: As a result, in this study, it was determined that the horses in the Van region were infected with various parasite species. In the study, helminth infections were found more frequently, and it was predicted that it should be combated with anthelmentics, taking into account the development of resistance against these parasites.

Incidence of gastrointestinal parasites in pigeons with an assessment of the nematocidal activity of chitosan nanoparticles against Ascaridia columbae

In this investigation, the incidence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasites of domestic pigeons were evaluated, additionally, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of the antiparasitic activity of chitosan nanoparticles against the most predominant gut parasite. Therefore, 240 domestic pigeons (160 adults and 80 squabs) obtained from different localities in Giza governorate, Egypt, from February to July 2021, were subjected to parasitological and postmortem examination. The results revealed that 97% of pigeons were vulnerable to single or mixed gastrointestinal parasites. The detected helminths were identified as Capillaria columbae (C. columbae) with a total incidence of (12.5%), Ascaridia columbae (A. columbae) (83.3.%), Heterakis gallinarum (H. gallinarum) (18.7%), Raillietina cesticillus (R. cesticillus) (7.5%), Raillietina echinobothrida (R. echinobothrida) (29%), Choanotaenia infundibulum (C. infundibulum) (22.9%), Davainea proglottina (D. proglottina) (26.6%), and Cotugnia proglottina (C. proglottina) (14.5%). At the same time, the identified protozoan parasites were Trichomonas gallinae (T. gallinae), and Eimeria columbae (E. columbae), with a total incidence of 25 and 79%, respectively. Helminths and Eimeria infections were higher in adults than squabs, while T. gallinae infection was reported with a higher incidence in squabs (62.5%) than adults (6.2%). From our findings, A. columbae was the most predominant gut parasite in the examined pigeons. Thus, it was subjected to in vitro and in vivo treatment with chitosan nanoparticles. Serum and tissue samples were collected from the birds which have been used in the in vitro study to evaluate the oxidative stress markers as malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric oxide levels and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1β activity also, chitosan nanoparticles- treated worm ultrastructure were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, we recommend periodic monitoring of pigeon's farm to detect the parasitic infestation, and from our results, we recommend chitosan nanoparticles as a potent nematocidal agent.

Incidence of gastrointestinal parasites in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) in a hot and humid tropical environment

Enteric parasites of Japanese quails were investigated in 4 different farms in a hot and humid tropical environment of Puducherry in southern India. Samples were collected from the gastrointestinal tracts of freshly slaughtered birds from the local poultry slaughter shops and were screened for the presence of endoparasites. Faecal samples were processed by floatation (saturated salt solution) and sedimentation methods. Out of 60 faecal samples examined, 22 (36,66%) were positive for gastrointestinal parasites. During the investigation, one cestode was found in gross in the small intestine of the quail. The faecal examination revealed eggs of Ascaridia spp., Capillaria spp., and the oocyst of Eimeria spp. Out of 15 intestinal scrapings examined, 8 (53.33%) scrapings were positive for intestinal coccidiosis, and the remaining 7 (46.66%) were positive for caecal coccidiosis. It was found that most of the nematodes and protozoan parasites were more prevalent in the young age group than in the adult age group of quails. The study aimed to aid in controlling parasitic infections in quail farms by regularly combining management and adequate therapy with efficient anthelminthic.

Communal sheep farmer’s knowledge and attitudes on the incidence of gastrointestinal parasites in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Gastrointestinal parasites (GIPs) negatively impact small ruminant production and productivity nationwide, particularly in tropical and sub-tropic regions. Amongst other nematodes, Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, and Teladorsagia circumcincta are the most common species in small ruminants animals. Thus, this study aimed to investigate communal sheep farmer's knowledge and attitudes toward GIPs in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between September and November 2018 from three agro-ecological zones, namely, arid region, semi-humid, and humid. All data from this study were analysed with the Statistical Analysis System. Of the total of 107 farmers who participated in the study, 69% were males, and 38% were females. Most livestock owners (85%) were aged >46 years old across all the study areas. The majority of farmers (83%) perceived that their animals are susceptible to wireworm (H. contortus) during the hot-wet season, followed by the hot-dry season (14%), with relatively low during the cold season (2%). Most farmers (85%) interviewed revealed that lambs are more exposed to parasitic infection, than mature sheep (15%) across all agro-eco-logical zones. An insignificant number of farmers (8%) with knowledge about GIPs life cycle and its biology (92%) across all agro-ecological zones. This study reveals a significant increase in the occurrence of GIPs over the past few years across all agro-ecological, with largely (67%) attributed to the resistance of the strain to deworming remedies and changes in climatic weather patterns (33%). The farming experience was strongly (p < 0.05) associated with the farmer's gender and age. Helminths were reported significantly higher (p < 0.05) in humid zones than in other agro-ecological zones. This study concludes that most farmers perceived lambs as more susceptible to GIPs than old sheep. Therefore, farmers should be enlightened about the infection and transmission dynamics of the GIPs to develop appropriate control measures against worm infection to boost sheep production in the study area. It was also suggested that farmers should adhere to remedial instruction and adopt rotational deworming programs to avoid anthelmintic resistance.

Incidence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Pavo cristatus under Cage System and Comparative Efficacy of Two Anthelmintics

Incidence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Pavo cristatus under Cage System and Comparative Efficacy of Two Anthelmintics

Incidence of gastro intestinal parasites in cattle of fringe villages of chakrashila wild life sanctuary in B.T.A.D. (Assam) in post monsoon period

Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary falling under the two districts of Lower Assam under BTAD (Bodoland Territorial Area Districts) of Dhubri and Kokrajhar and covers approximately 45.568 kms2. The humid climatic condition of Assam is very conducive for the growth and multiplication of parasites and cause clinical and subclinical parasitism. Subclinical infections are responsible for high morbidity and mortality in young animals and enormous production losses in adults. Different species of gastrointestinal parasites including zoonotic parasites of public health importance have been reported from cattle of this region. The monsoon season is the ideal time for the mass propagation of parasitic load in environment. The average overall prevalence rate occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle was found to be 64.45% in these villages wherein the main parasitic load was of Fasciola gigantica, Toxocara vitulorum, Eimeria sp., Amphistome sp., and Buxtonella sp. in both Choraikhola and Harinaguri villages wherein there was a gradual decrease in parasitic load from the month of October towards December-2018. Coccidiosis due to Eimeria sp. from Choraikhola and Harinaguri were found to be the predominating disease with an overall prevalence of (44.45%) and (62.23%) respectively, which is in accordance with the earlier findings of coccidiosis in buffalo calves in winter months in India.

Incidence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Zebu and N’dama Breeds from Cattle Ranches in Jos Plateau, Nigeria

The incidence of gastrointestinal parasites in Zebu and N’dama breeds known to be trypanotolerant cattle from some ranches in Jos Plateau was investigated at the peak of the raining season, August to October, 2018. A total of 150 cattle from some Ranches in Jos Plateau were randomly selected for faecal sampling out of which 85 were Zebu (Bos indicus) and 65 were N’dama (Bos taurus) breeds respectively. The samples were analyzed for ova of gastrointestinal parasites using the simple flotation and sedimentation techniques and the results were interesting. The strongyloids, Oesophagostomumradiatum had the highest incidence of 4.7% followed by the Trichostrongylus species with 4%. Fasciolagigantica and Haemonchusplacei both were 3.3%. Then Paramphistomumcervi 2%; bovine hook worm, Bunostomumphlebotomum 1.3%, Taenia saginata1.3%, Schistosoma bovis 1.3% and Nematodirusspathiger 0.7%. The incidence of nematodes, cestodes and trematodes in this study in the raining season was significant (p&lt;0.05) and could pose production and economic threat to institutional farms and ranches in the development of livestock and dairy industries in Nigeria. There should be a strong policy on the control of gastrointestinal parasites in the country for farmers to benefit from their contribution in ensuring food security.

Common Gastro-Intestinal Parasites of Goats (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Capra aegagrus hircus&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;) from Mogadishu, Somalia

This study was conducted in two districts in Mogadishu, particularly smallholders to determine the Common gastrointestinal (GIT) parasites of Somali Goats. During the last two years, researchers meet many cases of goats having diarrhea, anemia and loss of body weight. That is the reason to conduct this study. The methodology of this study is explanation research with using lab technician for studied current prevalence cases of gastro-intestinal parasite of goat in Mogadishu Somalia. Study areas were two districts (Dayniile and Wadajir) located in Mogadishu Benadir region, Somali. Researcher has collected sample of feces from Somali goats in smallholders and transported the fecal containing box to the laboratory Room at University campus. Researchers made examination of fecal using Direct Smear Fecal Exam and then used Light microscope for identification of parasite eggs and oocytes, with 10× or 40× objective magnification. Data analysis was percentage and P value ≤ 0.005. Result: The result of this study revealed an overall prevalence of Gastro-intestinal parasites of Somali goats in the investigated area was 72.1% that means 62 samples were positive, and 24 samples were negative of gastro-intestinal parasites. Haemonchus spp (Nematodes) and Coccidia (Eimeria spp) were the most prevalent parasites recorded in all the 62 positive samples, having Haemonchus 23 (26.74%) and Eimeria spp 38 (44.19%); the second highest groups were all nematode with percentage Strongyloides 22 (25.58%), and Trichostrongylus 17 (19.77%). This study revealed statistically significant difference (P 0.05 that equals to P = 0.235. Recommendation: Researcher recommends making seasonal deworming to Somali goats in small holders which will reduce the prevalence and incidence of gastro-intestinal parasites in Somali goats.

Preliminary coproscopic examination of ornamental birds in Alexandria Province, Egypt

Recently, the attention for ornamental birds has increased significantly. This in turn has been reflected in the growth of their trade, and has become a good source of cash income for owners and traders on a small scale. However, there was no attention for studying the parasites that infecting these categories of birds. The current study aims to study the parasites infecting the ornamental birds particularly, the gastrointestinal parasites that infecting these birds. Since 100 fresh fecal samples of 10 species of birds were collected during period from April to September 2016 from pet-shops at Alexandria Province, Egypt. The current study revealed that, the overall incidence of gastrointestinal parasites was 31% and the infestation was concentrated only in 8 species where cockatiel spp recorded the highest incidence (64.7%) followed by Hamam hazaz (50%) then Fisher rose (44.44%), Zebra spp (40 %), Australly (35 %) finally, 20 % was for Gawa spp. Whereas Redram pet, Canary and Badgy recorded no infestation rate at all. The infestation was restricted in three groups of endoparasites (Protozoa are represented in Eimeria, Trematodes are represented in Echinostoma and Nematodes are represented in Ascaridia and Contracaecum spp).

PARASITOS GASTRINTESTINAIS EM VACAS LEITEIRAS PRESENTES EM EXPOSIÇÕES AGROPECUÁRIAS NA REGIÃO OESTE DE SANTA CATARINA, BRASIL

The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of gastrointestinal parasites in dairy cattle participants of farm show in western Santa Catarina, in order to know the situation of the animals exposed in these events. In three fairs of great expression of the western region of the state of Santa Catarina, that occurred in the years 2013 and 2014, were collected 153 samples feces of animal exposed, which were analyzed by the McMaster technique to check the number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG). In the tests performed, was diagnosed 69 samples positive for parasites (45%), i.e., helminth eggs, coccidia oocysts, or mixed infections by helminthes (Strongylida order) and coccidia (Eimeria spp). Eggs Strongylidae family were identified as the parasites Trichostrongylus spp., Haemonchus spp., Teladorsagia spp., Cooperia spp., and Oesophagostomun spp. Therefore, cattle present in farm show, despite the required sanitary control and in some cases even with previous treatment, have infection gastrointestinal parasites.

Survey of gastro-intestinal protozoans of pigs slaughtered at the Jos Abattoir, Plateau State, Nigeria

An investigation on the incidence of gastro-intestinal protozoans of pigs slaughtered at the Jos Abatoir was carried out between May and November, 2007 using direct smear, floatation method and sporulation of oocysts of coccidia. Out of the 532 pigs examined 236 (44.36%) were positive for five genera of intestinal protozoans. The study identified five genera of intestinal protozoans which include: Giardia lamblia 36(6.77%) Isospora sp 42(7.90%) Eimeria sp 38(7.14%) Balantidium coli 50(9.40%) Entamoeba sp 25(4.70%). Mixed infection of the intestinal protozoans involving some of the five genera of the parasites recovered in this studies accounted for 45(8.46%) out of the 532 samples. The parasites occurred more in female Pigs 148(49.66%) than in the male pigs 88(37.61%). However statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in the sex related incidence of gastro-intestinal parasites (P.0.05). Adult pigs haboured more of the parasites 282(67.14%) than the young pigs 54(48.21%). The incidence rate of infection for adult pigs ranged between 6.67% and 9.05% while that of young pigs ranged between 4.46% and 10.71% Statistical analysis showed significant difference in the rate of infection between the young and adult pigs at (P.0.05). The large white breed was more infected 212(44.92%) than any other breeds. Which was followed by the mixed breed 14(43.75%) and the least rate of 10(35.71%) was recorded in the large black. Generally the incidence rate of infection with intestinal protozoans was low in this investigation as compare to previous researches. KEY WORDS : Endemecity, Gastro-intestinal, Occurrence, Pigs, Protozoans.

Prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasitic infections in Sheep of Kashmir valley of India

Background: Geologically the J&K state (2, 22, 800 sq. kms) is both complex and varied. Climatic conditions of the state ranges from sub-tropical (Jammu), temperate (Kashmir) to cold artic (Ladakh) zones and belongs to the great Himalayan mountain range, which exerts significant influence on its agro-climatic conditions. Gastrointestinal parasitism is a major problem in sheep production worldwide, these parasites cause diarrhea, anaemia, reduced weight gain and increased production costs. Materials and Methods: Five hundred fecal samples of sheep (Ovis aries) were taken from two farms. All fecal samples were examined to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites. Direct microscopic examination, Centrifugation floatation and Sedimentation techniques were used to examine fecal samples. Results: Overall prevalence rate was 62.9%. most commonly encountered parasites were Strongyle spp., Strongyloides spp., Eimeria spp., Nematodirus spp., and Monezia spp. was 24.61, 15.5, 9.8, 9.0 and 3.3%, respectively. The highest prevalence of G.I parasites was recorded during monsoon season (March - May) followed by summer season (June – August) whereas the lowest prevalence was recorded during winter season. Analysis of the data on the basis of sex revealed a significant difference (P<0.05) in the overall incidence of gastrointestinal parasites between male (75.6%) and female (44.8%) sheep. The maximum infection was observed in younger age groups compared to adults (P<0.05). The prevalence of different species of endoparasites also varied in sheep of different body weight groups (P<0.05). The highest infection was observed in Kashmir Marino breed than corriedale breed. Conclusion: The data obtained in this study suggest that the age, sex, body weight and breed are important factors which influence the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites. Key wards: climate, economy, faecal sample, Kashmir valley, parasite, prevalence, sheep

Incidence of gastro-intestinal parasites in wild ruminants around Jabalpur, India

Fifty faecal samples of wild ruminants including 15 samples of Chital Axis axis, 15 of Neelgai Boselaphus tragocamelus, 10 of Gaur Bos gaurus and 10 of Sambar Cervus unicolor were collected from the peripheral forests around Jabalpur and subjected to coprological examination by standard techniques. The coprological examination of different wild herbivores showed that maximum helminth infection was present in Sambar (90.0%) followed by Neelgai (86.67%) whereas 80.0% infection was reported in Gaur and Chital. It was observed that 94.0% helminth infection was present in mixed form whereas only 6.0% mono-infection was observed.