Incidence Of Gastroenteritis Research Articles

Acceptability of Microbiota-Directed Complementary Foods in Treating Indian Children with Moderate Acute Malnutrition: eACT-MAM Pre-Proof-of-Concept Study

BackgroundIn India, currently, there are no standard guidelines for the management of moderate acute malnutrition (MAM). Previous research in Bangladesh has shown that children with MAM have impaired gut microbiota development, and microbiota-directed complementary foods (MDCF) can potentially repair their gut microbiota. ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to evaluate the acceptability and safety of supplementing shelf-stable formulation of MDCF in Indian children with MAM as compared with a locally prepared ready-to-use supplementary food (RUSF) in 3 geographically distinct Indian populations and to establish and pilot systems of intervention delivery, collection, transport, and storage of stool samples using stringent protocols. MethodsThis pre-proof-of-concept (prePOC), multicentric, open-labeled, age-stratified, randomized controlled trial was done in children aged 6–18 mo with MAM. After a run-in period of 2 wk, the participants were supplemented with MDCF or RUSF for 4 wk through direct observation and followed up for another 2 wk post intervention. Maternal responses to the acceptability of the organoleptic properties of supplements were recorded weekly during the intervention phase of 4 wk. Compliance was reported based on the amount of supplement consumed by the children. Feasibility of weekly stool sample collection (except 7th week) within 30 min of passage was recorded. Anthropometric measurements were done at baseline and endline. Monitoring for adverse events was done throughout the course of the study. ResultsA total of 240 children with MAM were randomly selected to receive either MDCF or RUSF, of which 221 (92.1%) completed follow-up. The overall acceptability for >80% of the maternal responses was reported as good or very good for all organoleptic properties in both MDCF and RUSF arms. MDCF and RUSF interventions had good-to-high compliance in 83.0% and 79.8% of participants, respectively. At the end of the intervention phase, 53.2% (58/109) of children in MDCF arm against 42.0% (47/112) in RUSF arm had weight-for-length Z score >–2. The overall incidence of acute gastroenteritis reported was low; higher in MDCF compared with RUSF but not statistically significant. ConclusionThe prePOC study demonstrates good acceptability and safety of MDCF among Indian children with MAM including the age group of 6–12 mo of age. The study demonstrates the feasibility of conducting a long-term supplementation study in this population.The study was registered at the clinical trial registry of India as CTRI/2023/01/048716.

Climate change and gastroenteritis projections in Albanian children

Abstract Background Human health can be affected by climate in direct and indirect ways. Increasing temperatures may affect ecosystems, water safety, and exposure to waterborne diseases. This is the first work in Albania aiming to demonstrate the link between gastroenteritis rate and climate in the country. This research was supported by UNICEF Albania through the WASH Global Thematic Fund, but it doesn’t necessarily represent UNICEF’s position. Methods Epidemiological surveillance reports of the period 2006-2022 were used for the yearly incidence of gastroenteritis in children 0-14 years old. Years 2020 and 2021 were not included because of pandemic confounding potential. Historic data for calculating the average summer temperatures were retrieved from timeanddate.com repository. Pearson coefficient is calculated to quantify the associations and linear regression is applied to project the increased rate in the future. Results There was a statistical association between gastroenteritis rate and summer temperatures during the study period (Pearson coefficient=0.78, p = 0.001). There was a tendency that in years with hotter summers higher incidence of gastroenteritis was reported by the health system. For each degree (Celsius) increase in the average summer day temperatures, the risk of gastroenteritis in children is expected to increase by 644/100 000 (CI 95%: 317 - 972). An excess rate of 966/100 000 is expected in the case of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change medium scenario projection of 1.5o C average temperature increase. That implies more than 4830 additional new cases every year in children 0-14 years old, attributed to climate change in the future in Albania. Conclusions The analysis demonstrated excess gastroenteritis risk may be related to higher summer temperatures observed in Albania. The expected gastroenteritis risk increase in a warmer future should be addressed by improvements in sanitation, education of parents and epidemiological intelligence. Key messages • A warmer climate is expected to affect the health by increasing the risk for diarrheic diseases. • Children will be the most at-risk population category.

Impact of extreme weather events on the occurrence of infectious diseases in Belgium from 2011 to 2021.

The role of meteorological factors, such as rainfall or temperature, as key players in the transmission and survival of infectious agents is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to compare meteorological surveillance data with epidemiological surveillance data in Belgium and to investigate the association between intense weather events and the occurrence of infectious diseases. Meteorological data were aggregated per Belgian province to obtain weekly average temperatures and rainfall per province and categorized according to the distribution of the variables. Epidemiological data included weekly cases of reported pathogens responsible for gastroenteritis, respiratory, vector-borne and invasive infections normalized per 100 000 population. The association between extreme weather events and infectious events was determined by comparing the mean weekly incidence of the considered infectious diseases after each weather event that occurred after a given number of weeks. Very low temperatures were associated with higher incidences of influenza and parainfluenza viruses, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, rotavirus and invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes infections, whereas very high temperatures were associated with higher incidences of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., parasitic gastroenteritis and Borrelia burgdorferi infections. Very heavy rainfall was associated with a higher incidence of respiratory syncytial virus, whereas very low rainfall was associated with a lower incidence of adenovirus gastroenteritis. This work highlights not only the relationship between temperature or rainfall and infectious diseases but also the most extreme weather events that have an individual influence on their incidence. These findings could be used to develop adaptation and mitigation strategies.

How do infectious diseases affect high-performance athletes? Norovirus during the Lima 2019 Pan American Games.

The incidence of infectious diseases among athletes during international competitions is a concern for public health. In this study, we aim to report six cases of norovirus-associated gastroenteritis among athletes in Lima 2019 Pan American Games, a multisport event held in Peru. During the Lima 2019 event, there were no reported outbreaks or cases of most frequent diseases, however, six cases (0.09%) of norovirus-associated gastroenteritis were reported. The clinical stage of the cases was self-limited to 2 days, and the main treatment was fluid replacement. Of the six affected athletes, five came from the United States and one from Chile. Only one karate athlete from the United States, could not continue with the competition due to the illness. The incidence of norovirus-associated gastroenteritis among athletes in Lima 2019 was low, and the clinical course of the illness was self-limited. We conducted a retrospective analysis of medical records of athletes who presented with gastroenteritis using the Panam Sport In previous sporting events, such as the 2017 World Athletics Championships in London, Injury and Illness Surveillance System. These findings can inform the development of public health strategies for the prevention and control of infectious diseases among athletes during international competitions.

Effect of some physicochemical parameters on the decay rate of enteric bacteria isolated from River Owena, Nigeria

The significance of water in public health cannot be overemphasized. In Nigeria, many people living along the courses of water bodies still source and drink from the rivers and streams. There is, therefore, the need to determine the load of contamination and effect of pH and salinity on the decay rate of enteric bacteria in water samples from River Owena, Owena, Nigeria, in order to develop adequate water quality management. Water samples from River Owena were collected from three sampling points (inflow, middle course and the outflow) along the River Owena, Nigeria. The load of enteric bacteria in the water samples was enumerated using membrane filtration technique. The physicochemical parameters of the water samples were determined using standard methods. The incidence and prevalence of gastroenteritis in the community around River Owena was determined using a structured questionnaire. Microcosm studies were used to determine the decay rate of enteric bacteria at varying salinity and pH. Canonical correlation analysis was used to describe the relationship between the load of enteric bacteria and the incidence and prevalence of gastroenteritis in the community around River Owena. The incidence and prevalence of gastroenteritis in the community around River Owena were estimated to be 0.75 and 0.51, respectively. Escherichia coli had positive relationships with incidence (r = 0.76) and prevalence (r = 0.65). Similarly, faecal coliforms had positive relationships with incidence (r = 0.82) and prevalence of gastroenteritis (r = 0.67), while enterococci showed positive relationship with incidence (r = 0.59) and prevalence of gastroenteritis (r = 0.87). Increase in pH and salinity increased the decay rate of enteric bacteria thereby reducing the growth of enteric bacteria, the optimum pH for the growth and survival of enteric bacteria ranged between pH 5.0 and pH 7.0. The optimum salinity for the growth of enteric bacteria isolated in water samples from River Owena ranged between 10 and 50% salinity. Findings revealed high levels of faecal contamination at the different representative monitoring points on River Owena, pH and salinity influenced the load and decay rate of enteric bacteria in water from River Owena.

Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Prevalence and Incidence of Bacterial Gastroenteritis in Spain, 2019-2022.

The aim of this study was to describe the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) against SARS-CoV-2 on bacterial gastroenteritis illnesses (BGIs), including Campylobacter spp., Aeromonas spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp./enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC), and Yersinia enterocolitica, in outpatients, inpatients, and emergency departments (ED). Data of patients from a health care area in Madrid (Spain) with diarrhea and positive-real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were collected. The periods analyzed were prepandemic (P0, April 1, 2019 to March 31, 2020), first (P1, April 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021), and second (P2, April 1, 2021 to March 31, 2022) pandemic years. We compared the prevalence, median age, patient profile, and absolute incidence (AI) per 100,000 population during the study periods using Fisher's test (p < 0.05). One thousand eighty-one (13.9%, [95% confidence interval, CI: 13.1-14.6]) of the 7793 patients tested during P0, 777 (13.3%, [95% CI: 12.4-14.2]) of the 5850 tested during P1, and 945 (12.4%, [95% CI: 11.7-13.2]) of the 7606 patients tested were positive for some BGIs. The global prevalence showed a decreasing trend that was statistically significant in P2. During P1, there was an increase in BGIs in the ED with a decrease of median age (p > 0.05). However, during P2, the prevalence for outpatients increased (p < 0.05). The individual prevalence analysis over the three periods remained homogeneous for most of the BGIs (p > 0.05). The AI of most BGIs showed a decreasing trend at P1 and P2 with respect to P0 (p > 0.05). However, Shigella spp./EIEC was the only BGI with a decrease in prevalence, and AI showed statistically significant variation in P1 and P2 (p < 0.05). The prevalence and AI for BGIs mostly showed a slight decrease during the first 2 pandemic years compared with the prepandemic may be explained by the greater impact of foodborne transmission on BGIs. The significant decrease in Shigella spp./EIEC illnesses could explain the mainly person-to-person transmission and the reduction of bacterial load in fomites for NPIs. This retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee with the code: HULP PI-5700.

The impact of rotavirus vaccination in Italy: an eleven-year (2009-2019) nationwide analysis

Abstract Although the positive effects of the introduction of rotavirus (RV) vaccination in Italy, a national updated analysis of its effect in still lacking to date. This study aims to analyze the implementation of rotavirus vaccination in Italy, evaluating its impact on discharges for acute pediatric gastroenteritis. A retrospective analysis including hospital discharge records and data on vaccination coverage for children aged 0-71 months from 2009 to 2019 was conducted. We examined trend in hospital discharge standardized incidence before and after vaccine introduction using a negative binomial mixture model with fixed effects to evaluate the impact of universal vaccination. The percentage of vaccination coverage increased over the years, from &amp;lt; 5% between 2009 and 2013 to 26% in 2017. After the inclusion to the National Im-munization Plan, in 2019 over 70% of children received the vaccine. In the first phase (2009-2013), the standardized incidence of discharges was 16.6/100,000 inhabitants; it decreased in the second phase (2014-2017) reaching 14.1/100,000 inhabitants. During the third phase (2018-2019) it significantly decreased to 9.9/100,000 inhabitants. In this phase, about 15% of the estimated hospital discharges were avoided compared with those estimated using the first phase data. The implementation of rotavirus vaccination reduced acute pediatric gastroenteritis incidence discharges in children aged 0-71 months. Further efforts are needed to continue monitoring the vaccination effect over time and to increase vaccination coverage. Key messages • The implementation of Rotavirus vaccination in Italy resulted in a reduction of acute pediatric gastroenteritis. • Further efforts are needed to maintain high vaccination coverages, thus reducing the negative impact of rotavirus disease.

THE INCIDENCE OF ADENOVIRUS AND ROTAVIRUS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH GASTROENTERITIS

Symptomatic or asymptomatic pediatric diarrhea is a worldwide public health problem, one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in children 5 years and below. The main causes of viral acute gastroenteritis in the childhood are adenoviruses, rotaviruses, astroviruses and caliciviruses, especially between six months and two years of age. The aim of this paper was to establish the incidence of gastroenteritis with adenovirus and rotavirus in pediatric patients in Curtea de Arges (Arges) in 17 months (between January 1st, 2021 and June 1st, 2022). The immunochromatographic assay was used with OnSite Rota/Adeno Ag Rapid Test for viral antigens simultaneous detection in stool samples. There were differences between number of infections with rotavirus or adenovirus, depend of children age and patients gender (the rotavirus infections were more frequent than those determined by adenoviruses, in male patients, between six and 18 months age), and the co-infections were occurred, too (10.75% from all cases).

The efficacy of glucosamine application for feed lectins neutralization as gastroenteritis prevention approach

Gastroenteritis in piglets after weaning is a common disease that significantly reduces feeding efficiency, impairs performance and leads to financial losses. In this paper, we have proposed a method for the prevention of gastroenteritis by neutralizing provender lectins with glucosamine (GluA). Lectin proteins are anti-nutritional factors in provender and one of the etiological factors causing gastroenteritis. In our in vitro experiments we found that GluA effectively neutralises provender lectins. Industrial pig farms testing of the use of 0.1 g of GluA per 1 kg of provender to neutralise provender lectins as a means of preventing gastroenteritis showed that GluA effectively reduces the incidence of gastroenteritis and the number of severe cases of the disease. In the experimental groups the disease developed in a later period, when the body is more adapted. The average duration of the disease, nonproductive disposal and the number of relapses were also lower, which demonstrate the high efficiency of GluA application at a dose of 0.1 g per 1 kg of provender for the prevention of gastroenteritis in piglets.

Epidemiology of Salmonellosis Among Infants in the United States: 1968-2015.

Describe characteristics of gastroenteritis, bacteremia, and meningitis caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella among US infants. We analyze national surveillance data during 1968-2015 and active, sentinel surveillance data during 1996-2015 for culture-confirmed Salmonella infections by syndrome, year, serotype, age, and race. During 1968-2015, 190 627 culture-confirmed Salmonella infections among infants were reported, including 165 236 (86.7%) cases of gastroenteritis, 6767 (3.5%) bacteremia, 371 (0.2%) meningitis, and 18 253 (9.7%) with other or unknown specimen sources. Incidence increased during the late 1970s-1980s, declined during the 1990s-early 2000s, and has gradually increased since the mid-2000s. Infants' median age was 4 months for gastroenteritis and bacteremia and 2 months for meningitis. The most frequently reported serotypes were Typhimurium (35 468; 22%) for gastroenteritis and Heidelberg for bacteremia (1954; 29%) and meningitis (65; 18%). During 1996-2015 in sentinel site surveillance, median annual incidence of gastroenteritis was 120, bacteremia 6.2, and meningitis 0.25 per 100 000 infants. Boys had a higher incidence of each syndrome than girls in both surveillance systems, but most differences were not statistically significant. Overall, hospitalization and fatality rates were 26% and 0.1% for gastroenteritis, 70% and 1.6% for bacteremia, and 96% and 4% for meningitis. During 2004-2015, invasive salmonellosis incidence was higher for Black (incident rate ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 2.6-2.8) and Asian (incident rate ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-1.8) than white infants. Salmonellosis causes substantial infant morbidity and mortality; serotype heidelberg caused the most invasive infections. Infants with meningitis were younger than those with bacteremia or gastroenteritis. Research into risk factors for infection and invasive illness could inform prevention efforts.

Predicting norovirus and rotavirus resurgence in the United States following the COVID-19 pandemic: a mathematical modelling study

BackgroundTo reduce the burden from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, federal and state local governments implemented restrictions such as limitations on gatherings, restaurant dining, and travel, and recommended non-pharmaceutical interventions including physical distancing, mask-wearing, surface disinfection, and increased hand hygiene. Resulting behavioral changes impacted other infectious diseases including enteropathogens such as norovirus and rotavirus, which had fairly regular seasonal patterns prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study objective was to project future incidence of norovirus and rotavirus gastroenteritis as contacts resumed and other NPIs are relaxed.MethodsWe fitted compartmental mathematical models to pre-pandemic U.S. surveillance data (2012–2019) for norovirus and rotavirus using maximum likelihood estimation. Then, we projected incidence for 2022–2030 under scenarios where the number of contacts a person has per day varies from70%, 80%, 90%, and full resumption (100%) of pre-pandemic levels.ResultsWe found that the population susceptibility to both viruses increased between March 2020 and November 2021. The 70–90% contact resumption scenarios led to lower incidence than observed pre-pandemic for both viruses. However, we found a greater than two-fold increase in community incidence relative to the pre-pandemic period under the 100% contact scenarios for both viruses. With rotavirus, for which population immunity is driven partially by vaccination, patterns settled into a new steady state quickly in 2022 under the 70–90% scenarios. For norovirus, for which immunity is relatively short-lasting and only acquired through infection, surged under the 100% contact scenario projection.ConclusionsThese results, which quantify the consequences of population susceptibility build-up, can help public health agencies prepare for potential resurgence of enteric viruses.

The prevalence and factors contributing to the incidence of neonatal gastroenteritis in newborn calves

The results of monitoring the situation of neonatal gastroenteritis of calves are presented for four farms in the north-western districts of the Saratov region, during the period of mass calving. The incidence of neonatal gastroenteritis of calves was 11.92 - 16.36%. Factors contributing to the morbidity of newborn calves with neonatal gastroenteritis - complications of pregnancy, depending on the gestational period, subclinical ketosis (27.65%), osteodystrophy (15.71%), liver and kidney diseases (10.59%) have been established. In 30.23% of calves with NG, a large number of under-oxidized metabolic products and impaired liver and kidney function were observed. In patients with severe neonatal gastroenteritis, the following indicators were at a low level: alkaline reserve (40.8 ± 1.3 vol% CO2), glucose content (2.86± 0.12 mmol/L). In the central part of the liver, large-drop granular dystrophy is observed with the preservation of the structure of hepatocytes.

Anaerobic energy metabolism in human microaerophile parasites

Mucosal-associated parasites, such as Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba histolytica, and Trichomonas vaginalis, have significant clinical relevance. The pathologies associated with infection by these parasites are among those with the highest incidence of gastroenteritis (giardiasis and amoebiasis) and sexually transmitted infections (trichomoniasis). The treatment of these diseases is based on drugs that act on the anaerobic metabolism of these parasites, such as nitroimidazole and benzimidazole derivatives. One interesting feature of parasites is their ability to produce ATP under anaerobic conditions. Due to the absence of enzymes capable of producing ATP under anaerobic conditions in the vertebrate host, they have become interesting therapeutic targets. This review discusses anaerobic energy metabolism in mucosal-associated parasites, focusing on the anaerobic metabolism of pyruvate, the importance of these enzymes as therapeutic targets, and the importance of treating their infections.

Gastroenteritis Forecasting Assessing the Use of Web and Electronic Health Record Data With a Linear and a Nonlinear Approach: Comparison Study.

Disease surveillance systems capable of producing accurate real-time and short-term forecasts can help public health officials design timely public health interventions to mitigate the effects of disease outbreaks in affected populations. In France, existing clinic-based disease surveillance systems produce gastroenteritis activity information that lags real time by 1 to 3 weeks. This temporal data gap prevents public health officials from having a timely epidemiological characterization of this disease at any point in time and thus leads to the design of interventions that do not take into consideration the most recent changes in dynamics. The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using internet search query trends and electronic health records to predict acute gastroenteritis (AG) incidence rates in near real time, at the national and regional scales, and for long-term forecasts (up to 10 weeks). We present 2 different approaches (linear and nonlinear) that produce real-time estimates, short-term forecasts, and long-term forecasts of AG activity at 2 different spatial scales in France (national and regional). Both approaches leverage disparate data sources that include disease-related internet search activity, electronic health record data, and historical disease activity. Our results suggest that all data sources contribute to improving gastroenteritis surveillance for long-term forecasts with the prominent predictive power of historical data owing to the strong seasonal dynamics of this disease. The methods we developed could help reduce the impact of the AG peak by making it possible to anticipate increased activity by up to 10 weeks.

НЕЙТРАЛИЗАЦИЯ ЛЕКТИНОВ КОРМА ГЛЮКОЗАМИНОМ КАК СРЕДСТВО ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ ГАСТРОЭНТЕРИТОВ У ПОРОСЯТ-ОТЪЕМЫШЕЙ

Feed lectins are one of the etiological factors contributing to the occurrence of gastroenteritis in piglets. In this study, a comparative analysis of various methods for neutralizing lectins in the feeds of weaned piglets was carried out: heat treatment and the addition of lectin-specific carbohydrate glucosamine. The causative role of lectins in the development of gastroenteritis and their negative impact on animals was confirmed by general and biochemical blood tests. The paper presents the positive effect of neutralization of feed lectins on production indicators and the incidence of gastroenteritis. It has been established that the use of 0.1 g of glucosamine per 1 kg of feed is the optimal dose, which reduces the incidence of gastroenteritis by 8%, reduces the duration of the disease by an average of 0.5 days and animal mortality by 2%.

Food safety myths consequences for health: A study of reported gastroenteritis incidence and prevalence in UK, Norway and Germany

Food safety beliefs are not always science based. In this study, we aim to contribute to the state of the art of food safety knowledge by investigating unscientific beliefs consequences for gastroenteritis. After collecting food safety myths across Europe, we conducted a web-based survey on a representative sample of consumers from UK, Germany and Norway (N = 3110) to investigate what food safety myths people believe to be true, and if these beliefs influence gastroenteritis incidences and prevalence.

Distribution of bacterial, viral and parasitic gastroenteritis agents in children under 18 years of age in Erzurum, Turkey, 2010-2020.

Diarrheal diseases have existed since antiquity, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly among children in developing countries. To eradicate these diseases, it is crucial to identify the pathogens that cause them and immediately initiate appropriate treatment. This retrospective study aims to investigate the incidence of childhood gastroenteritis and the epidemiological features of its causative agents. During an 11-year period (2010-2020), as many as 51159 stool samples were obtained from children aged 0-17 years. These samples were examined for the presence of parasitic, bacterial, and/or viral gastroenteritis agents and evaluated retrospectively. The records obtained from the "ENLIL Hospital Information Management System Modules" were used to collect patient-related information. The most frequently observed pathogens were rotavirus (22.4%), adenovirus (2.2), Giardia lamblia (1.6%), and Campylobacter spp. (3.0%), considering the number of samples examined for each organism. The total incidence of viruses was about 25%, parasites 5% and the rate of pathogenic bacteria was 2%. In one-way ANOVA analysis, pathogen positivity was found to be significantly higher in children aged 3-5 years compared to those aged 15-17 and 0-2 [F (5, 51153, 17,588, p<0.001)]. The highest demand for the investigation of GE factors from stool samples was made in August, September and July. According to the number of samples examined, the highest pathogen positivity was in February, October, May, December and March, respectively. The most common pathogens involved in coinfections, occurring in 0.04% of the studied cases, were rotavirus and Giardia lamblia. Parasitic, viral, and bacterial gastroenteritis maintain their current status with a high prevalence in children under 18 years of age, especially in children aged 0-4 years in Erzurum, Turkey.

Estimating the burden of foodborne gastroenteritis due to nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica, Shigella and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in China.

To estimate the incidence of foodborne gastroenteritis caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica, Shigella, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in China, population surveys and sentinel hospital surveillance were implemented in six provinces from July 2010 to July 2011, and a multiplier calculation model for the burden of disease was constructed. The multiplier for salmonellosis and V. parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis was estimated at 4,137 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2,320-5,663], and for shigellosis at 4,356 (95% CI 2,443-5,963). Annual incidence per 100,000 population was estimated as 245 (95% CI 138-336), 67 (95% CI 38-92), and 806 (95% CI 452-1,103) for foodborne salmonellosis, shigellosis, and V. parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis, respectively, indicating that foodborne infection caused by these three pathogens constitutes an important burden to the Chinese healthcare system. Continuous implementation of active surveillance of foodborne diseases, combined with multiplier models to estimate disease burden, makes it possible for us to better understand food safety status in China.

POS-052 CLINICAL PROFILE AND OUTCOME OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY DURING AN OUTBREAK OF ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS FOLLOWING MONSOON FLOODS IN CHENNAI CITY, INDIA

Acute Gastroenteritis (AGE) is one of the important causes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in tropical regions. Climatic and socioeconomic conditions predispose to high incidence of infectious acute gastroenteritis in tropical countries. A sudden surge of acute gastroenteritis presenting with AKI was seen following Chennai floods which occurred recently in November 2021. Here we present the clinical profile and patient outcome of AKI occurring due to acute gastroenteritis

Long-term surveillance of rotavirus vaccination after implementation of a national immunization program in Finland (2008–2018)

BackgroundRotavirus (RV) vaccination was included in the Finnish National immunization Program (NIP) in 2009. RotaTeq (RV5) has been used exclusively with a national average vaccination coverage rate (VCR) of > 90%. While previous studies have demonstrated that inpatient rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) admissions declined by as much as 96% in Finnish children ≤ 5 years old following RV vaccination introduction, no study has evaluated long-term protection after vaccination in Finland. In this study, we analyze incidence of hospital outpatient visits and inpatient admissions of gastroenteritis in children up to 7 years of age. MethodsWe first describe the incidence of RVGE, viral gastroenteritis (VGE), and acute gastroenteritis (AGE) for all Finnish children born during 2008–2011. Children were stratified by the year of birth into not-eligible, partially eligible and rotavirus vaccine-eligible (born in 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively). Hospital inpatient and outpatient data was collected from the National Care Register for all children from birth until December 31st, 2018. We also studied RVGE incidence during 2014–2017 for children<3 years of age in municipalities with VCRs of 90% and above and municipalities with VCRs below 90%. ResultsRVGE incidence decreased significantly soon after implementation of RV vaccination in the NIP. In vaccine-eligible cohorts, no clear peak incidence in the youngest age groups could be observed, and no RVGE cases were observed beyond 6 years after vaccination, in contrast to vaccine ineligible and partially eligible cohorts. Despite an overall high VCR in Finland, regions with high VCR had lower incidence of RVGE than regions with lower VCR. ConclusionIncidence of RVGE has remained low in all age groups during the 10 years following introduction of RV vaccine in the Finnish NIP. Differences in RVGE incidence were observed in regions with high as compared with lower VCR, highlighting the importance of maintaining high vaccination coverage.