Incidence Of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research Articles

Pengaruh pelatihan kader jumantik dengan ovitrap terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan demam berdarah dengue (DBD) siswa SDN 33 Jollo dan SMP 5 Satap Bungoro, Kabupaten Pangkep tahun 2023

Background: The service aims to reduce the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) through basic training of Jumantik cadres using simple educational materials (Ovitrap) in Bungoro District, Pankep Regency. Methods: The target of this service consisted of students of Pangkep Regency, Bungoro District, precisely at SDN 33 Jollo and SMPN 5 SATAP Bungoro. The sample of this study consisted of students aged between 9 and 15 years and totaled 26 students. Findings: The results of this service were 3 participants (11.5%) who experienced an increase in knowledge from pre-test to post-test. In 23 participants (88.5%), there was no increase or decrease in pre-test and post-test scores. Even if knowledge increases, according to the Wilcoxon test, the p-value of 0.083 is greater than 0.05 so it can be concluded that Ha is rejected and H0 is accepted. Conclusion: There is no significant difference in improvement, pre-test and post-test knowledge can be classified as good, depending on the ability of students to apply Ovitrap production in the classroom.

Dengue hemorrhagic fever prediction in coastal area using geographically weighted regression

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is still a health problem globally, including in Indonesia. Geographical and climatic conditions in coastal areas are different from other areas, which may impact differences in environmental risk factors for dengue. This study aims to create a prediction model for the incidence of DHF in coastal areas. The research was conducted in Bantul Regency, Indonesia, involving data from 2015-2019. Dengue incidence data were collected from the health office. Climatic data were from climatology station. Data on altitude and shoreline distance were obtained by geographic information system (GIS) processing. Population density and wide settlement area are obtained from the Bureau of Statistics. The geographically weighted regression (GWR) analysis was carried out using GWR4. The results showed that GWR with a weighting of Fixed Bi-Square Kernel obtained an R2 value of 0.7768, better than the global model (R2 0.5254). It indicates that DHF (Y) in Bantul Regency is 77.68% determined by population density (X1), altitude (X2), settlement area (X3), shoreline distance (X4) and rainfall (X5) and the remaining 22.32% are influenced by other variables which are not investigated. Geographically, the predictor variables explain the DHF incidence with a strong category in the central region, and weak in coastal area.

Spatial analysis and correlation study of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Palopo city, Indonesia

Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a tropical disease still a global public health problem. Dengue fever is found worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical countries. Objective: The study aims to analyze the spatial correlation of dengue incidence in Palopo City, Indonesia, in 2022. Methods: It was quantitative research using ecological studies. Results: Spatial analysis showed that high DHF incidence was found in very high population density (401-1 000 people), high coverage of healthy houses (≥80 %), moderate poverty (143-218 people), close to health care facilities (<1 000 m), low elevation (7.0-16.70 m above sea level), high mobility (67-73 people).

Overview of Dengue Fever (DHF) incidence based on population density in Indonesia

Dengue fever (DHF) is an infectious disease caused by the dengue virus, with Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes as vectors. The prevalence of DHF globally has increased significantly, and the infection has become endemic in many regions including Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between population density and the incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Indonesia. This research uses a descriptive method with a population correlation study. Descriptive analysis in this study utilized the Health Mapper version 4.3.0.0 application while the population correlation test used the SPSS data processing application with the Spearman bivariate test. The population in this study is provinces in Indonesia. The independent variable in this study is population density in provinces in Indonesia, while the dependent variable in this study is the incidence of Dengue Fever (DHF) in Indonesia in 2020, 2021, and 2022. The results showed that DHF cases are directly proportional to the high population density in a province. The correlation test on dengue cases and Indonesia's population density in 2020 showed a correlation coefficient of 0.811. The correlation test between DHF cases and Indonesia's population density in 2021 showed a correlation coefficient of 0.766. The correlation test between dengue cases and Indonesia's population density in 2022 showed a correlation coefficient of 0.741. This study concluded that there is a very strong relationship between dengue fever cases and population density in various regions in Indonesia.

HUBUNGAN NILAI HEMATOKRIT DAN JUMLAH TROMBOSIT TERHADAP DERAJAT III DAN IV PASIEN DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DI RSUD DR. PIRNGADI KOTA MEDAN TAHUN 2022

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease condition caused by a dengue virus infection. DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4 are serotypes of the virus and are usually transmitted through the bite of mosquitoes from the stegomyia family, such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. DHF often results in extraordinary events (KLB) and can lead to death. The disease can be categorized into four different clinical stages: stages I, II, III, and IV. Laboratory examination in DHF usually shows a decrease in platelet count below 100,000/µl and the presence of leaky plasma, which can be seen from the hematocrit that has increased by more than 20%. Objective to determine whether there is a relationship between hematocrit value and platelet count at degrees III and IV in DHF incidence. This type of research uses an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. In the analysis, there is a significant relationship between hematocrit value and clinical degrees III and IV with a value of p = 0.043, and there is a relationship between platelet counts and clinical degrees III and IV with a value of p = 0.000. There is a relationship between hematocrit value and platelet count in clinical degrees III and IV of DHF.

Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Dbd pada Anak di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Oesapa Kota Kupang

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is still a health problem in the Oesapa Community Health Center working area. Data of dengue fever sufferers at the Oesapa Community Health Center for the last 3 years from 2020 there were 279 cases, in 2021 there were 94 cases and in 2022 there were 60 cases. This research aims the relationship between preventive measures, level of education, and support from families and health workers with the incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in children in the working area of ​​the Oesapa Community Health Center, Kupang City. The type of research used is quantitative, analytical observational in nature. This research uses a case control or case control survey design. The sample in this study amounted to 94 respondents. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling with matching. Data analysis used with the Chi square test with a confidence level of 95% (α = 0.05). The results of the study showed that the factors related to the incidence of dengue fever were the action factor p= 0.007 (OR= 3.419), the education factor p= 0.023 (OR= 2.843), the family support factor p= 0.000, while the factors that were not related to the incidence of dengue fever were factors support from health workers p= 0.208. Lack of understanding of dengue prevention and control efforts is one of the factors in the occurrence of dengue fever so it is highly hoped that the participation of all family members in prevention efforts with the 3 M Plus movement.

Analysis of temperature, humidity, rainfall, and wind velocity on dengue hemorrhagic fever in Bandung municipality

The trend of dengue hemorrhagic fever prevalence every year continues to show an increase and number of deaths. This is due to an increase in the population of aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Climate change has the potential to affect mosquito-borne diseases, including dengue fever, which is a vulnerability for residents in Bandung Municipality. This research aims to analyse the relationship between temperature, humidity, rainfall, and wind velocity with dengue hemorrhagic fever in Bandung Municipality. The methodology research used in this study is descriptive analysis with a cross-sectional approach. This research was conducted in Bandung Municipality. The study samples were taken from data on dengue hemorrhagic fever sufferers, as well as data on temperature, humidity, rainfall, and wind speed. This study used secondary data. The data collected is in the form of data on temperature, humidity, rainfall, and wind speed, and the number of cases. To assess the correlation between variables using the person correlation test. To test the effect of all four variables simultaneously on the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever using a linear regression test. Average value of air temperature is 25.8°C, air humidity is 69.9%, rainfall is 201.5 mm, and the wind velocity is 1.8 knots. The prevalence of dengue hemorrhagic fever is 232.5 cases. There is a significant relationship between humidity with dengue hemorrhagic fever prevalency (p = 0.018, r = 0.873). Wind velocity with dengue hemorrhagic fever prevalency (p = 0.018, r = 0.629). The result of the coefficient of determination test on temperature, humidity, rainfall, and wind velocity with DHF cases is R2 = 0.745. The increase in dengue prevalence in Bandung City occurred from January to June, the decrease in prevalence occurred from July to December. Variations in temperature, humidity, rainfall and wind speed can simultaneously affect the incidence of dengue fever in Bandung. Therefore, in the future it is necessary to increase mosquito nest eradication activities to prevent dengue transmission considering that this disease has the potential to spread at any time.

Environmental Analysis Of The Aedes Aegypti Mosquito As Dhf Vector In The Enrekang District

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is a major health problem in Indonesia. The existence of the Aedes Aegypti mosquito is the main vector that causes Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (RI Ministry of Health, 2020). The physical environment of the Aedes Aegypti mosquito greatly influences the ecology and development of the Aedes Aegypti mosquito, which is the main factor causing Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (Listiono et al, 2020). The incidence of Dengue Fever in the people of Enrekang Regency is influenced by the physical environment of the Aedes Aegypti mosquito. Data on the physical environment of the Aedes Aegypti mosquito in the Enrekang Regency area is inadequate. In the Enrekang district area, there were 166 cases of dengue fever in 2019, in 2020 there was an increase of 209 cases and there was a decrease again in 2021 with 64 cases. Cases of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever sufferers in Enrekang district are among the 10 highest diseases. The aim of the research is to determine the relationship between the physical environment (temperature, pH, humidity and residential density) of the Aedes Aegypti mosquito and the incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Enrekang district. The method in this research is analytical observational using a Case Control study approach. Analytical observational research is research that tries to identify how health phenomena occur. Sampling was carried out using the total sampling method. Data was obtained directly from the Enrekang District health office. The research results showed that there was a significant relationship between room temperature, water pH and room humidity with the incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Enrekang district with respective p-values of (0.007, 0.001 and 0.000). The results of the research show that the physical environment of the Aedes Aegypti mosquito is a risk factor for the occurrence of Dengue Fever in Enrekang district.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) Education for Residents of Labuh Baru Timur RT 02/08, Payung Sekaki District, Pekanbaru

This community service is conducted in the form of public health initiatives aimed at combating dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in Indonesia. These initiatives are implemented in Labuh Baru Timur Village, RT 02/08, located in Payung Sekaki District, Pekanbaru City, Riau Province. The target beneficiaries of these activities include toddlers, children, adolescent girls, housewives, and the broader community. The primary objective of this community service endeavor is to enhance the knowledge of the targeted partner communities, particularly mothers who are members of POSYANDU (integrated health post), PUSKESMAS (community health centers), doctors, and village midwives, regarding the causes, consequences, and prevention strategies related to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). The methods employed for executing this community service activity involved conducting household visits and organizing discussions on dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Data about participants’ understanding of DHF were collected through pre-test and post-test questionnaires. The anticipated outcome of these efforts is to reduce the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and minimize its impact on affected individuals. In instances where residents are diagnosed with DHF and necessitate hospitalization, the objective is to facilitate their prompt and full recovery, thereby enabling them to resume their daily routines, including school attendance.

Effectiveness of repellent from patchouli (Pogestemon cablin) varieties of Southeast Sulawesi against Aedes aegypti.

The incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) continues to increase over time in the world, including Indonesia. One of the prevention efforts against dengue virus transmission is to avoid vector mosquito bites by the use of repellants. Using repellents can reduce exposure to mosquito bites that may cause infection with the dengue virus. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of repellent lotion composed of patchouli batik extract (Pogostemon cablin) from Southeast Sulawesi varieties against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The research subjects were Aedes aegypti adult mosquitoes. The research consisted of three stages. The first stage was a phytochemical test (qualitative method), the second stage was the analysis of patchouli essential oil (GC-MS method) and the third stage was a test of the effectiveness of lotions made from patchouli extract in lotion preparations against Aedes aegypti. The results of the effectiveness test of patchouli leaf repellent (Pogestemon cablin) lotion preparations were as follows: for a concentration of 2.5%, protective power 81.5%; concentration 5%, protection power 83.67%; concentration 7.5%, protection power 88.64 %; the concentration of 10%, protection power 90.44%, and the concentration of 12.5% had protection power 90.89%. Probit analysis and linear regression showed the value of ProbitLc 50 was 6.631. The results of the effectiveness test of Pogestemon cablin repellent lotion preparations with the most effective concentrations were 10% and 12.5%. The results of ANOVA test indicated there was no difference in the average value of the protection power in patchouli leaves.

IJCM_299A: Clinical profile of patients with dengue: a cross-sectional study from a tertiary care hospital, Karnataka

Background: Dengue fever (DF) are among the most important mosquito- borne diseases of the Indian subcontinent and have become a major global public health concern. Its clinical manifestations of which vary from influenza- like illness (DF) to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)/dengue shock syndrome (DSS). The purpose of the study was to find out the mode of presentation, biochemical profile and complications of Dengue cases in an apical level. Objectives: 1. To identify socio-demographic characteristics and clinical features; 2. To document the disease specific management and outcomes Methodology: A cross-sectional study of admitted patients was conducted in the department of medicine and Infectious Diseases over a period of 9 months (15/2/2023 -15/11/2023). Patients aged above 18 years with serology proven (nonstructural protein 1 [NS1]/dengue immunoglobulin M [IgM]) DF were included in this study. Their Socio demographic Details, clinical and laboratory data was recorded and analyzed. Results: Preliminary Results: Out of 125 cases, - 89 (71.2 %) patients were males and 36 (28.8%) were females. - The most common presentations were fever (96%) followed by Nausea/vomiting (40%), Headache (35%) and myalgia (31%). - Dengue NS1 and IgM antibodies were positive in 87.3% and 88.12% of the patients, respectively. - the incidence of DF, DHF, and DSS was 87.2, 11.2, and 1.6% respectively. - Shock, bleeding, and elevated serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase levels predicted adverse outcome. Conclusion: DF can present with a spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from mild self-limiting illness to severe fatal disease. It can have varied and multi-systemic manifestations which can go unrecognized. Continuous seroepidemiological surveillance is essential to control outbreak and minimize morbidity and mortality.

Hubungan Perilaku Pencegahan 3M Plus Dengan Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Bintuhan Kabupaten Kaur

Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) says that in 2022, every year it is estimated that 50-100 million cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) will occur in the world. The highest number of DHF in Kaur Regency is in the Bintuhan Community Health Center working area, namely 21 cases in 2022. This research aimed to determine the relationship between 3M Plus prevention behavior and DHF incidents in the Bintuhan Community Health center working area, Kaur Regency. This type of research was Analytical Survey, with a Case Control research design. The case population was all heads of families who had family members suffering from DHF in the period January 2022-April 2023 in the Bintuhan Community Health Center working area, Kaur Regency, totaling 33 families. The control population was all families whose family members did not suffer from DHF in the Bintuhan Community Health Center working area in the period January 2022-April 2023, totaling 3,525 families. The number of samples in this study was 66 heads of families consisting of 33 case samples and 33 control samples, with a ratio of 1:1. The data analysis used in this research was univariate analysis, bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test. The research results showed that of the 66 heads of families, 39 heads of families (59.1%) implemented 3M Plus prevention behavior and 33 heads of families (50.0%) experienced DHF. There was a relationship between 3M plus prevention behavior and the incidence of DHF in the strong relationship category and odd ratio (OR) = 48,438. It is recommended that the Bintuhan Community Health Center, Kaur Regency, develop strategies for preventing and controlling DHF, one of which is holding aducation about DHF.

Analysis of the relationship of environmental sanitation with the incidence of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Mayangrejo Village, Kalitidu District, Bojonegoro Regency

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is transmitted to humans through the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito which can transmit the dengue virus. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a type of infectious disease whose number of sufferers and its distribution tends to increase and spread in Indonesia. Factors that influence the occurrence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) include environmental factors, age, knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. This study aims to determine the relationship between family support (interpersonal) and risky behavior with the incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Mayangrejo Village, Kalitidu District, Bojonegoro Regency. An analytic study with a cross sectional design with a population of 3.024 people. Sampling was carried out using the stratified sampling method and obtained a sample of 67 respondents. Collecting data using a questionnaire distributed to residents' homes and data analysis using the Chi-Square Test. Of the 67 respondents, the majority are residents with an elementary education category of 56.72%, ages 21-40 and 41-60 years respectively are 44.78%, location of residence in Gempol is 43.28%, female is 62.69%, not working 61.19%, environment sanitation good is 46,27%, environment sanitation bad is 53,73%. The results of the Chi-Square Test analysis between enviornment sanitation with the incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Mayangrejo Village, Kalitidu District, Bojonegoro Regency showed pvalue = 0.029, which means that there is a relationship between the two because of the p-value <0,05.

A study on spatial distribution of infectious diseases based on a normal Q-Q plot and GIS

Background: Distribution of infectiousdisease location based on Geographic Information System (GIS) is considered as an infrastructure in the field of health in formation managment and also known as a fundamental issue in the field of new tachnologies in police medicine. The aim of this article is to carry out a study on spatial distribution of infectious diseases based on a normal Q-Q plot and GIS. Case studies from hand, foot, mouth diseases (HFMD) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) will be illustrated in Ho Chi Minh city (Vietnam). Methods: The normal Q-Q plot was firstly constructed to study the distribution of HFMD and DHF cases and HFMD and DHF incidence. A GIS was then employed to map the spatial distribution of the HFMD and DHF incidence. Finally, the study results in Ho Chi Minh city was discussed and concluded. Results: It was found that (i) the observed values from HFMD/DHF cases were mostly not on the expected straight line of the normal distribution in the normal Q-Q plot (ii) The high HFMD/DHF infection rate were mainly concentrated in the center of the city. The highest infection rate area was found in District 1, followed by districts District 5, District 3, District 11 and District 11. Whereas, districts having low HFMD/DHF infection rates included District 9, Nha Be, Cu Chi and Can Gio. Conclusions: Findings in this study indicated that the combination of a normal Q-Q plot and a GIS is an effective tool to monitor and control the various infectious diseases.

HUBUNGAN PSN DAN PERAN KADER JUMANTIK DENGAN KEJADIAN DI PUSKESMAS PONCOKUSUMO MALANG

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DBD) is a disease caused by a virus which is transmitted through mosquitoes. Mosquito nest eradication or PSN is an activity to eradicate the eggs, larvae and the pupae of Aedes aegepti as the mosquitos which cause Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in their breeding habitat. Jumantik cadres have the task of assisting officers. health centers and carry out data collection or inspection of mosquito larvae and provide education in people's homes. The aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between eradicating mosquito nests (PSN) and the role of Jumantik cadres with the incidence of dengue Hemorragic fever in Poncokusumo working area, M. ang Regency. 
 This type of research was observational analytic he a cross-sectional approach design. The population in this study were all dengue fever sufferers at the Poncokusumo Health Center, Malang Regency from January-December 2022 January to January-March 2023. Number of samples was 60 respondents. Research data was obtained through questionnaires and interview.and analyzed by chi square tes.
 Based the research and data analysis, the results show that there is no relationship between the behavior of Mosquito Nest Eradication (PSN) and the incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, while the role of Jumantik shows that there is no relation between their role and the incidence of Dengue Hemorragic Fever. 
 Keywords : dengue hemorrhagic fever, PSN, jumantik cadres

Safety and Proven Risk Assessment on the Release of Wolbachia-Inserted Aedes Aegypti: Lesson Learned from the Partial Resistance of the Community

Aims: to describe the basis of partial rejection from the community regarding the government's plan to expand the range of releases of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes which have been inserted with the endosymbiont bacteria Wolbachia spp. to reduce the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever and offers a more rational approach based on community based medicine to educate massively first before expecting community participation.
 Discussion: Aedes aegypti which laboratorily inserted with Wolbachia, an endosymbiont bacterium, naturally occurring in insects is actually a great success story in several countries, e.g., Brazil. In Jogjakarta, Indonesia this success story also repeated even though unfortunately when the government tries to expand the programme, some part of the community reject it. Lack of sufficient community education perhaps become the main reason of rejection from those who do not understand yet regarding the benefit.
 Conclusion: Tackling social determinants of Health is necessary in order to make a national programme can be implemented and receive support from the community.

Assessing Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Risk: Insights from Behavioral Aspects and Home Environmental Conditions

As the provincial capital, Jambi City has witnessed rapid development, evident in the construction of 5,000 housing units between 2019 and 2021 amid the COVID-19 pandemic. However, if left unoccupied, these settlements could potentially become breeding grounds for mosquito larvae, particularly Aedes aegypti, contributing to the escalating dengue cases in the city. This study aims to analyze the risk factors for dengue hemorrhagic fever based on behavioral aspects and environmental conditions. Conducted in the Pinang Merah Alam Barajo Urban Village of Jambi City, this observational analytic study involved 108 randomly selected respondents. The research data underwent analysis using the chi-square test, with statistical significance set at ≤ 0.05. The findings revealed that most community behaviors fell into the 'good' category, including habits like hanging clothes, collecting rainwater around the house, using abate powder in water reservoirs, weekly drainage of water reservoirs, proper disposal of used items, monitoring of larvae through cards, and keeping larvae-eating fish. The incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever was significantly associated with hanging clothes indoors (p=0.000), collecting rainwater around the house (p=0.004), and draining water reservoirs once a week (p=0.004). However, no significant associations were found with the use of abate powder (p=0.380), disposing of used goods (p=0.087), monitoring larvae with cards (p=0.134), and keeping fish (p=0.122). In conclusion, the study highlights a strong correlation between dengue hemorrhagic fever and certain behaviors, notably hanging clothes indoors, collecting rainwater around the house, and draining water reservoirs on a weekly basis. Keywords: Dengue, Aedes Aegypti, Behavior, Vector

Factors Affecting The Incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in the Working Area of UPT Puskesmas Medan Johor

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is one of the public health problems in Indonesia. In 2022, there were 131,265 cases with 1,183 deaths. The incidence of dengue fever in Medan Johor in 2022 is 186 cases covering the Medan Johor Health Center Working Area of 41 in the last 6 months. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence the incidence of dengue fever in the working area of the Medan Johor Health Center in 2022. This research is a quantitative research that is observational analytic using a case control study. The case population was 41 respondents and the control was 41 respondents. The sampling technique uses total sampling for case members, and purposive sampling for control members and data analysis techniques use chi square and multivariate tests. The results of the multivariate test showed that the variables that influenced the incidence of DHF were the availability of cover in water reservoirs with pvalue = 0.002<0.05, action variables with pvalue = 0.034<0.05, and attitude variables with pvalue = 0.014.

An Assessment of the Relationship Between Population Density and the Incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

Background: Dengue is a leading cause of severe illness and hospitalization in Vietnam. This study aims to assess the relationship between population density and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in August 2023 in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam. Methods: Exploratory data analysis (EDA) techniques were first applied to investigate the distribution patterns of DHF incidence. It will go on to use Getis Ord statistic to detect hotspots and coldspots of DHF infection rates. A scatter plot will be then employed to quantitatively assess the relationship between population density and DHF infection rates and Getis Ord statistic. Finally, a dataset of DHF cases reported in August 2023 in Ho Chi Minh city was used to illustrate the proposed methods. Results: It was found that high values of Getis Ord coefficients was mainly concentrated in the east and west of the city. There was a negative correlation between population density and both variables (DHF infection rates and Getis Ord statistic). The population density likely decreases dengue hemorrhagic fever infection rates in August in Ho Chi Minh city. Conclusions: It can be concluded that spatial statistics and EDA have proved their effectiveness in the assessment of the relationship between population density and the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Findings of this study provide an insight into the effects of population density on DHF infection rates. Keywords: Relationship assessment, Population density, Spatial autocorrelation analysis, Dengue hemorrhagic fever, Infection rate, Ho Chi Minh city.

Analysis of the Distribution Pattern Environmental Risk Factors with the Incidence Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in South Binjai District, Binjai City

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p class="Default"><em>Environmental conditions have a big influence on the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever, because a bad environment can increase the breeding and reproduction of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Research Objectives: To determine environmental risk factors and distribution patterns of dengue hemorrhagic fever in South Binjai District, Binjai City. The type of research used was analytical observational research with a cross sectional design and an ecological approach. The population in this study was 54.422 people and a sample of 100 people. Analysis of research data with bivariate using Chi square test. And mapping analysis of the distribution of cases of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever using the Geographic Information System application to describe the distribution pattern of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Binjai City. The results of the study showed that there was a relationship between the presence of larvae and cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever (p-value=0.000), there was a significant relationship between the presence of larvae and cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever (p-value=0.000), there was a significant relationship between the habit of hanging clothes with cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever (p-value=0.000), there is a significant relationship between the frequency of draining the bathtub and cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever (p-value=0.004), there is no significant relationship between the frequency of support from health workers and cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever (p-value = 0.359), and there is no significant relationship between the frequency of experience of receiving health education and cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever (p-value = 0.359). The distribution of dengue fever cases is not spread throughout the sub-district, but only in several adjacent areas. Based on research results, the highest number of cases occurred in mixed plantation areas. It is recommended that health workers compile a more specific distribution pattern map regarding the factors causing Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever.</em></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><strong><em>Keywords: Dengue hemorrhagic fever, Distribution pattern, Environmental, Risk factors</em></strong>