Incidence Of Colon Cancer Research Articles

Effects of Anesthetics on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Drug-Resistant Human Colon Cancer Cells.

In recent years, people's living standards are getting higher and higher, and life pressure is also increasing, and there are also many problems in eating habits. This is also the direct cause of colon cancer. The aim of this paper was to investigate whether anesthetic drugs could positively affect the proliferation and apoptosis of colon cancer cells. In this paper, the significance of anesthetic drugs is proposed, and an artificial neural network algorithm based on artificial intelligence is proposed. It is well known that artificial neural networks play an important role in medicine. The experimental results of this paper show that the incidence of colon cancer in 2020 will be in the range of 5%-35%, and the incidence of colon cancer in 2021 will be in the range of 7%-30%. While colon cancer rates in 2021 do not appear to be as high as colon cancer rates in 2020, they are generally much higher than colon cancer rates in 2020. It can be seen that as the population ages, the number of colon cancer patients is increasing due to the lack of emphasis on health. This also means that the incidence of colon cancer is getting higher and higher, and traditional drug chemotherapy has been unable to play a good role in inhibiting the proliferation of colon cancer cells. Therefore, this paper investigated the effects of anesthetic drugs on the proliferation and apoptosis of human colon cancer cells.

The Prediction of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Using Machine Learning.

The incidence of colon, rectal, and colorectal cancer is very high, and diagnosis is often made in the advanced stages of the disease. In cases where peritoneal carcinomatosis is limited, patients can benefit from newer treatment options if the disease is promptly identified, and they are referred to specialized centers. Therefore, an essential diagnostic benefit would be identifying those factors that could lead to early diagnosis. A retrospective study was performed using patient data gathered from 2010 to 2020. The collected data were represented by routine blood tests subjected to stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria. In order to determine the presence or absence of peritoneal carcinomatosis in colorectal cancer patients, three types of machine learning approaches were applied: a neuro-evolutive methodology based on artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machines (SVM), and random forests (RF), all combined with differential evolution (DE). The optimizer (DE in our case) determined the internal and structural parameters that defined the ANN, SVM, and RF in their optimal form. The RF strategy obtained the best accuracy in the testing phase (0.75). Using this RF model, a sensitivity analysis was applied to determine the influence of each parameter on the presence or absence of peritoneal carcinomatosis.

Effect of red meat, vegetable, tobacco, and alcohol consumption on national cancer mortality index: Data from 1989 to 2013 in 37 developed countries.

This study aimed to examine the association between red meat (RM) and death from all types of cancer, as well as its association with the incidence of colon cancer in developed countries. We selected RM, vegetable, tobacco, alcohol consumption, and socioeconomic status as the dependent variables' risk factors and performed ordinary least squares (OLS) and a fixed-effect model (FEM) analysis. Data from 1989 to 2013 for 37 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. According to the FEM, cancer death had statistically significant associations with education level (Coef = −0.022, P = 0.009), total health expenditure (Coef = −0.049, P = 0.000), aging rate (Coef = −0.178, P = 0.000), tobacco consumption (Coef = 0.096, P = 0.000), RM consumption (Coef = 0.107, P = 0.000), and vegetable consumption (Coef = −0.034, P = 0.000). A similar trend was also observed in the 3 and 5-year lagged models. RM consumption also demonstrated a significantly positive association with the incidence of colon cancer in the OLS. According to the scatter plots and fitted lines based on the recommended allowance RM consumption, cancer deaths and incidence of colon cancer increased as consumption increased in the excess consumption group. Regarding vegetable consumption, cancer deaths and incidence of colon cancer decreased as consumption increased in the group exceeding the recommended allowance level. RM consumption was found to be higher than the recommended allowance level. RM consumption increased cancer deaths and the incidence of colon cancer. There is justification for public health interventions to limit RM consumption in major developed countries.

Identification of hub genes and pathways in colitis-associated colon cancer by integrated bioinformatic analysis

BackgroundColitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) patients have a younger age of onset, more multiple lesions and invasive tumors than sporadic colon cancer patients. Early detection of CAC using endoscopy is challenging, and the incidence of septal colon cancer remains high. Therefore, identifying biomarkers that can predict the tumorigenesis of CAC is in urgent need.ResultsA total of 275 DEGs were identified in CAC. IGF1, BMP4, SPP1, APOB, CCND1, CD44, PTGS2, CFTR, BMP2, KLF4, and TLR2 were identified as hub DEGs, which were significantly enriched in the PI3K-Akt pathway, stem cell pluripotency regulation, focal adhesion, Hippo signaling, and AMPK signaling pathways. Sankey diagram showed that the genes of both the PI3K-AKT signaling and focal adhesion pathways were upregulated (e.g., SPP1, CD44, TLR2, CCND1, and IGF1), and upregulated genes were predicted to be regulated by the crucial miRNAs: hsa-mir-16-5p, hsa-mir-1-3p, et al. Hub gene-TFs network revealed FOXC1 as a core transcription factor. In ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, KLF4, CFTR, BMP2, TLR2 showed significantly lower expression in UC-associated cancer. BMP4 and IGF1 showed higher expression in UC-Ca compared to nonneoplastic mucosa. Survival analysis showed that the differential expression of SPP1, CFRT, and KLF4 were associated with poor prognosis in colon cancer.ConclusionOur study provides novel insights into the mechanism underlying the development of CAC. The hub genes and signaling pathways may contribute to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of CAC.

Abstract 14: Resolution of obesity-driven proinflammatory adipose signaling by weight loss or an NSAID is associated with reduced tumor burden in a mouse model of colon cancer

Abstract Obesity increases the incidence and progression of colon cancer. The chronic low-grade inflammation that often accompanies obesity is purported to promote these adverse outcomes. In obesity, remodeling of visceral white adipose tissue contributes to an inflammatory state via increased immune cell recruitment and production of proinflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study in a mouse model of obesity and colon carcinogenesis was to compare the effects of weight loss versus treatment with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (sulindac) on tumor development and adipose and tumoral transcriptional changes. Azoxymethane (10 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected weekly into FVB/N male mice for 5 weeks to induce colon tumors. Mice were then randomized to an ad libitum 10 kcal% fat diet (control, n=20) or 60 kcal% fat diet to promote diet-induced obesity (DIO, n=55). After 15 weeks, DIO mice were randomized again to receive for an additional 7 weeks either: a) DIO diet (n=18); b) DIO diet supplemented with 140ppm sulindac (DIO+Su, n=19), or c) 10 kcal% fat control diet to generate formerly obese (FOb-LFD) mice (n=18). Mesenteric fat and colon tumors were collected for an Affymetrix Clariom D mouse gene expression microarray (n=5-6/group). FOb-LFD mice, but not DIO+Su mice, lost significant body weight and body fat. Relative to DIO mice, tumor burden and multiplicity were lower in control, DIO+Su, and FOb-LFD mice. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) using the Hallmark gene sets revealed strikingly concordant transcriptional changes in the control, DIO+Su, and FOb-LFD mesenteric fat depots compared with DIO mice. Of the 8 immune related gene sets, 7 were uniformly suppressed (Normalized enrichment score (NES) >1.66, FDR q<0.05) across all groups relative to DIO. Moreover, compared with DIO, metabolism gene sets (e.g., FATTY_ACID_ METABOLISM, GLYCOLYSIS) were significantly enriched (NES >1.45, FDR q<0.05), and none were suppressed in control, DIO+Su, and FOb+LFD tumors. Tumor transcriptional changes were less coherent with EPITHELIAL_MESENCHYMAL_TRANSITION and COAGULATION being the only gene sets commonly suppressed across all groups relative to DIO. A leading-edge analysis revealed that Lum, Pthlh, Sfrp4, Mmp8, and Serpine1 were commonly suppressed amongst tumors from groups other than DIO mice. Both weight loss and sulindac impeded the effects of chronic obesity on colon tumorigenesis. GSEA analyses of immune related gene sets indicated that weight loss and sulindac effectively suppressed inflammation in the adipose tissue but not in the tumor. The conserved immunological and metabolic transcriptional programs in the adipose tissue relative to the tumor suggests the possibility that paracrine signaling from the adipose to the tumor may underpin the observed beneficial effects of these interventions on obesity-driven colon tumor growth. Citation Format: Elaine M. Glenny, Laura W. Bowers, Michael F. Coleman, Jatin Roper, Stephen D. Hursting. Resolution of obesity-driven proinflammatory adipose signaling by weight loss or an NSAID is associated with reduced tumor burden in a mouse model of colon cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 14.

Sugar-sweetened beverage and sugar consumption and colorectal cancer incidence and mortality according to anatomic subsite

Recent preclinical research strongly suggests that dietary sugars can enhance colorectal tumorigenesis by direct action, particularly in the proximal colon that unabsorbed fructose reaches. We aimed to examine long-term consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and total fructose in relation to incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) by anatomic subsite. We followed 121,111 participants from 2 prospective US cohort studies, the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2014) and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2014), for incident CRC and related death. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compute HRs and 95% CIs. During follow-up, we documented 2733 incident cases of CRC with a known anatomic location, of whom 901 died from CRC. Positive associations of SSB and total fructose intakes with cancer incidence and mortality were observed in the proximal colon but not in the distal colon or rectum (Pheterogeneity≤0.03). SSB consumption was associated with a statistically significant increase in the incidence of proximal colon cancer (HR per 1-serving/d increment: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.34; Ptrend=0.02) and a more pronounced elevation in the mortality of proximal colon cancer (HR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.72; Ptrend=0.002). Similarly, total fructose intake was associated with increased incidence and mortality of proximal colon cancer (HRs per 25-g/d increment: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.35; and 1.42; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.79, respectively). Moreover, SSB and total fructose intakes during the most recent 10 y, rather than those from a more distant period, were associated with increased incidence of proximal colon cancer. SSB and total fructose consumption were associated with increased incidence and mortality of proximal colon cancer, particularly during later stages of tumorigenesis.

Tripartite motif 52 (TRIM52) promotes proliferation, migration, and regulation of colon cancer cells associated with the NF-κB signaling pathway.

With the advancement of early detection and treatment, the incidence of colon cancer (CC) has declined steadily worldwide; however, the mortality remains unacceptably high. Tripartite motif 52 (TRIM52) is a member of the family of highly conserved RBCC (a RING-finger, two B-boxes, and a predicted alpha-helical Coiled-Coil domain were linked to the N-terminal region in sequence) proteins with more than 70 isoforms, which plays an important role in tumorigenesis through different signaling pathways. How it regulates the development of CC remains unknown. Western blot was used to reveal that TRIM52 protein expression is up-regulated in CC cells. The Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to find the different expressions of TRIM52 between colon cancer tissues and normal colonic epithelial tissues. Cell proliferation assays, migration and invasion assays, and apoptosis were used to verify the changes in cell function after knockdown or overexpression of TRIM52 in CC cells. After that, the key proteins of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway were validated by western blot to explore the role of TRIM52 in the NF-κB signaling pathway. Finally, in order to explore the potential sites of TRIM52, LPS and PDTC were employed to activate and block the NF-κB signaling pathway, and the key proteins of the NF-κB signaling pathway were validated by western blot. TGCA database revealed that TRIM52 expression was elevated in CC tissues and correlated with prognosis. It was verified that TRIM52 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CC cells, and inhibited cell apoptosis. Most of the tripartite motif proteins (TRIMs) have ubiquitin ligase activity related to their highly conserved RING structure. Detection of the key proteins of the NF-κB signaling pathway in CC cells revealed that TRIM52 activated the NF-κB signaling pathway. We confirmed that TRIM52 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion while inhibiting apoptosis of CC cells. The regulatory effect of TRIM52 on CC cells is related to the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. As TRIM52 acted as an upstream stimulator, stimulating the transfer of P65 into the nucleus to activate the NF-κB signaling pathway, it may provide a potential target for prognosis prediction and treatment of CC.

P-203 Epidemiological and pathological profile of colon cancer in young people: A report on 70 patients

The incidence of colon cancer in young people has increased in recent decades, representing a distinct subgroup with more aggressive behaviour than older patients. Most cases occur outside known hereditary syndromes. The objective of our retrospective study was to identify and provide an overview of the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary characteristics of our patients under 45 years of age followed for colon cancer.

Screening of serum oxysterol biomarkers for colon cancer by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

结肠癌(CC)是全球常见恶性肿瘤之一,发病率呈逐年上升趋势,目前没有有效的标志物用于疾病早期诊断和干预跟踪。胆固醇及其氧化衍生物氧固醇在众多恶性肿瘤发生发展中发挥关键作用。该研究采用液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)技术,对CC临床血清样本中胆固醇及相关10种氧固醇代谢物进行了定性定量分析,并采用偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)和正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)进行多元统计分析,发现上述目标代谢物能够较好地区分CC组与健康对照组。为防止数据过拟合,该研究在PLS-DA模型各代谢物变量投影重要性(VIP)基础上,结合最优组分数及K-均值聚类结果,筛选得到3种代谢标志物。通过受试者操作特征曲线(ROC)的曲线下面积(AUC)分析,发现筛选得到的3种潜在标志物联合预测CC达到0.998,说明模型性能优良。GO(基因本体论)富集分析显示3种潜在标志物主要分布在内质网和包被囊泡上,参与胆固醇代谢、运输、低密度脂蛋白重塑等生物进程,发挥胆固醇运输活性和低密度脂蛋白颗粒受体结合的分子功能。KEGG(京都基因与基因组百科全书)通路分析显示3种潜在标志物富集于类固醇生物合成、PPAR(过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体)信号通路及ABC(ATP结合盒)转运等通路上。该研究为寻找CC标志物及进一步阐明胆固醇及氧固醇在CC发病过程中的作用奠定了一定的基础。

Cost-effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with high-risk stage II and stage III colon cancer in South Africa.

6599 Background: Colon cancer (CC) incidence is rising globally, and case fatality rates are greatest in low-income settings, such as South Africa (SA). Adjuvant chemotherapy is standard of care for high-risk stage II and stage III CC in the US. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy for CC in SA public hospitals. Methods: We developed a decision-analytic Markov model comparing lifetime costs and outcomes for 60-year-old high-risk stage II and stage III CC patients treated in a SA public hospital with no adjuvant chemotherapy, versus: capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPOX) for 3 or 6 months or capecitabine for 6 months. High-risk stage II was defined as ≥1 of: T4 disease; poorly differentiated tumor; lymphovascular/perineural invasion; <12 lymph nodes dissected, bowel obstruction/perforation. Transition probabilities were derived from clinical trials estimating toxicity, disease recurrence, and survival. Costs from a SA societal perspective and utility estimates were obtained from literature and local expert opinion. The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) in international dollars (I$) per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted, with a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold equal to 2021 GDP/capita of SA (I$13,764). Results: CAPOX for 3 months was the cost-effective strategy for stage III CC at a lifetime cost of I$5,284 and 5.55 DALYs averted, compared to no adjuvant treatment. All other strategies were absolutely dominated. For high-risk stage II CC, CAPOX for 3 months was the cost-effective strategy (ICER = I$711/DALY averted). No adjuvant chemotherapy was on the efficiency frontier, with a lower lifetime cost, but no DALYs averted. The results of one-way deterministic sensitivity analyses showed that the model is most sensitive to CC recurrence rate. In a probabilistic sensitivity analysis, CAPOX for 3 months was optimal in 88% of iterations for high-risk stage II CC and 79% of iterations for stage III CC. Conclusions: CAPOX for 3 months is the cost-effective adjuvant treatment for high-risk stage II and stage III CC in SA public hospitals. This strategy offers the highest quality of life benefit for the lowest cost and is well within the WTP threshold for SA. The optimal strategy in other settings will vary according to local WTP thresholds. Base case estimates of cost-effectiveness, in order of cost. [Table: see text]

Childhood socioeconomic status, healthy lifestyle, and colon cancer risk in a cohort of U.S. women

Colon cancer is the third most common cancer in the US. While the socioeconomic status -health gradient has been established, findings linking adult socioeconomic status to colon cancer incidence specifically are mixed. Considering childhood socioeconomic status (CSES) and relevant risk factors, including related lifestyle behaviors, may provide more insight. At baseline in 1976, women from the Nurses' Health Study reported CSES as defined by parents' occupation when participants were age 16. Lifestyle-related factors (i.e., physical activity, body mass index, diet, alcohol, and tobacco consumption) were self-reported in 1988 or 1990, and every 4 years thereafter until 2016. Cox regression models estimated hazards ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of adopting an unhealthy lifestyle (N = 22,507) and developing colon cancer (N = 100,921) between 1976 and 2016, separately, across parents' occupation levels. During follow-up, 2342 cases of colon cancer occurred. Compared to women whose parents were white collar workers, women whose parents were farmers had lower colon cancer risk (HR = 0.84; 95%CI: 0.72, 0.98), but no differences were evident for women whose parents were blue collar workers in models adjusting for age and familial history of colon cancer. Using the same comparison group, risk of adopting an unhealthy lifestyle over follow-up was not significantly different in women with farmer parents (HR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.91, 1.02), while children of blue collar workers had slightly greater risk (HR = 1.07; 95%CI: 1.03, 1.12) in age-adjusted models. These findings suggest the impact of CSES on colon cancer risk is modest and varies across outcomes and occupational status.

Comparison of cancer incidence and mortality in the Norwegian Fire Departments Cohort, 1960–2018

ObjectivesElevated risk of cancer at several sites has been reported among firefighters, although with mixed findings. The purpose of this study was to calculate standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) and standardised...

Is inguinal hernia associated with an increased risk of colon cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The presence of an inguinal hernia has been associated with an increased risk of identifying colon cancer, and therefore colonoscopy is recommended prior to inguinal hernia repair. However, the evidence on the association between the presence of an inguinal hernia and colon cancer is conflicting and uncertain. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize all available evidence on this topic. A comprehensive search of PubMed and EMBASE was performed. Any comparative study (case-control or cohort study) comparing the rate of colon cancer detection in patients with and without inguinal hernias who underwent screening colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy was eligible for inclusion. Data were extracted and pooled under a random effects model. The initial search identified 692 references, of which 4 comparative studies (1462 patients) met the inclusion criteria. The overall risk of bias in the included studies was low. Pooled results showed a statistically non-significant difference in the incidence of detection of colon cancer, with patients with inguinal hernia having a 1.26 times increased likelihood of colon cancer diagnosis compared with patients without inguinal hernia (odds ratio (OR) 1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63-2.51; P = 0.51). Although patients with inguinal hernia were also 1.23 times more likely to be diagnosed with colon polyps compared to patients without inguinal hernia, this difference was statistically non-significant (OR 1.23; 95% CI 0.94-1.60; P = 0.12). The findings from this first systematic review and meta-analysis show that there is no difference in the incidence of either colon cancer or colon polyps in patients presenting with inguinal hernias compared to those without. Nevertheless, larger prospective studies are needed to further investigate the relationship between the risk of colon cancer or polyps and the presence of inguinal hernia.

Colon cancer treatment in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic: A nationwide register-based study.

AimThe COVID‐19 pandemic has reduced the capacity to diagnose and treat cancer worldwide due to the prioritization of COVID‐19 treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate treatment and outcomes of colon cancer in Sweden before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsIn an observational study, using the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry, we included (i) all Swedish patients diagnosed with colon cancer, and (ii) all patients undergoing surgery for colon cancer, in 2016–2020. Incidence of colon cancer, treatments and outcomes in 2020 were compared with 2019.ResultsThe number of colon cancer cases in Sweden in April–May 2020 was 27% lower than the previous year, whereas no difference was observed on an annual level (4,589 vs. 4,763 patients [−4%]). Among patients with colon cancer undergoing surgery in 2020, the proportion of resections was 93 vs. 94% in 2019, with no increase in acute resections. Time from diagnosis to elective surgery decreased (29 days vs. 33 days in 2020 vs. 2019). In 2020, more patients underwent a two‐stage procedure with a diverting stoma as first surgery (6.1%) vs. (4.4%) in 2019 (p = 0.0020) and more patients were treated with preoperative chemotherapy (5.1%) vs. (3,5%) 2019 (p = 0.0016). The proportion of patients that underwent laparoscopic surgery increased from 54% to 58% (p = 0.0017) There were no differences in length of stay, surgical complications, reoperation, ICU‐stay or 30‐day mortality between the years.ConclusionBased on nationwide annual data, we did not observe adverse effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on colon cancer treatment and short time outcomes in Sweden.

Computer-Aided Image Enhanced Endoscopy Automated System to Boost Polyp and Adenoma Detection Accuracy.

Colonoscopy is the gold standard to detect colon polyps prematurely. Early detection, characterization and resection of polyps decrease colon cancer incidence. Colon polyp missing rate remains high despite novel methods development. Narrowed-band imaging (NBI) is one of the image enhance techniques used to boost polyp detection and characterization, which uses special filters to enhance the contrast of the mucosa surface and vascular pattern of the polyp. However, the single-button-activated system is not convenient for a full-time colonoscopy operation. We selected three methods to simulate the NBI system: Color Transfer with Mean Shift (CTMS), Multi-scale Retinex with Color Restoration (MSRCR), and Gamma and Sigmoid Conversions (GSC). The results show that the classification accuracy using the original images is the lowest. All color transfer methods outperform the original images approach. Our results verified that the color transfer has a positive impact on the polyp identification and classification task. Combined analysis results of the mAP and the accuracy show an excellent performance of the MSRCR method.

The cytotoxic effects of green synthesized AgCl2 nanoparticles on colon cancer (SW480) cells

Nanoparticles are materials having one of the dimensions in the range of 1–100 nm (Hussain et al., 2016). The development of efficient green chemistry methods using plants for synthesis of well-characterized nanoparticles has become a major focus of researchers. Nanoparticles produced by plants are more stable and more various in shape and size (Iravani, 2011). It has been shown that silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) preparation by green synthesis have significant advantages over conventional methods by chemical agents that are toxic to environment (Sharma, et al., 2009). AgNPs have significant place in nanotechnology because of their exceptional biological properties, and hence applications (Rafique et al., 2017). Various plant extracts have been used to synthesize AgNPs (Li et al., 2007; Srikar et al., 2016; Mussin et al., 2021). Although various plant components have been used as potential agents for green synthesis of AgNPs, synthesizing stable and widely applicable AgNPs is a challenge to the researchers (Srikar et al., 2016).Colon cancer is one of the leading tumors worldwide and the numbers of new cases of colon cancer is increasing rapidly. The incidence and mortality of colon cancer have been increasing during recent years even in the young adults below the age of 50 (Ahmed, 2020). Colon cancer is a neoplasm of an epithelial origin that increases exponentially with age (Jensen, 2019). Colon cancer treatments can include surgery, radiofrequency ablation, cryosurgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy. Newer cytotoxic chemotherapies and novel biologic agents have been investigated to be applied for colon cancer treatment. Despite significant advanced in colon cancer treatment, it still causes considerable morbidity and mortality due to unsuccessful therapy (Segal and Saltz, 2009; Chakrabarti et al., 2020).Recently AgNPs have gained considerable attention for use in cancer therapy. It has been shown that AgNPs have suppressive effects against colon tumor mediated by cell apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction (Gurunathan et al., 2018). AgNPs synthesized from leaf extract of Vitex negundo L. has been reported to have cytotoxic effects of on human colon cancer cell line HCT15 (Prabhu et al., 2013). Green synthesized AgNPs have also anticancer effects on human neonatal skin stromal cells (hSSCs) and colon cancer cells (HT115) in vitro (AlSalhi et al., 2016). In this study we investigated the cytotoxic effects of green synthesized AgCl2 nanoparticles on colon cancer (SW480) cells in vitro. Onopordum acanthium extract was used to synthesize AgCl2 nanoparticles. Onopordum acanthium was applied traditionally as bactericide and antitumor agent (Al-Snafi, 2020). Colon cancer (SW480) cell line was purchased from Pasteur Institute of Iran and cultured growth medium until they reached 80-90% confluence. The cells were then treated with different concentrations (1.5625, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 μg/ml) of AgCl2 nanoparticle for 24 hours. MTT assay was used to measure cytotoxicity of AgCl2 nanoparticles against SW480 cells. Cell viability significantly decreased in SW40 cells treated with 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 μg/ml of AgCl2 nanoparticle. Our findings indicated that green synthesized AgCl2 nanoparticles have cytotoxic effects against colon cancer (SW480) cells in vitro.

Mast cell modulates tumorigenesis caused by repeated bowel inflammation condition in azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate-induced colon cancer mouse model

Mast cells infiltrate the inflammatory microenvironment and regulate the production of many pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators of inflammatory cell production to promote tumor development and growth in intestinal lesions. Currently, there are insufficient studies of the mediators and signaling pathways regulated by mast cells that influence the pathogenesis of colon cancer in inflamed colon tissue. This study aimed to confirm the role of mast cells in the incidence and growth of colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) and to identify inflammation-mediated factors and signaling pathways related to tumor development. CAC was induced by the administration of azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in mast cell-deficient (WBB6F1/J-W/WV) and mast cell–sufficient control (WBB6F1_+/+) mice. The results confirmed that mast cell-deficient mice exhibited less tumor formation than normal mice under the same conditions, and down-regulated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators. Mast cells play an important role in tumor formation by regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators in CAC, indicating that they can act as new targets for the prevention and treatment of CAC.

LncRNA USP30-AS1 sponges miR-765 and modulates the progression of colon cancer

BackgroundThe incidence and mortality of colon cancer is increasing recently. It is necessary to identify effective biomarkers for the progression and prognosis of colon cancer. To assess the potential of lncRNA USP30-AS1 (USP30-AS1) in serving as the biomarker of colon cancer and unearth the underlying mechanism.MethodsThere were 123 colon cancer patients enrolled. The expression of USP30-AS1 was evaluated with PCR in tissue and cell samples. The clinical significance of USP30-AS1 was assessed with a series of statistical methods, while the CCK8 and Transwell assay were conducted to estimate its biological effect on the colon cancer cellular processes. In mechanism, the interaction of USP30-AS1 with miR-765 was evaluated with the dual-luciferase reporter assay.ResultsIn colon cancer tissues, the USP30-AS1 downregulation and the miR-765 upregulation were observed, and there was a negative correlation between the USP30-AS1 expression level and the miR-765 expression level. The downregulation of USP30-AS1 related to the malignant progression and served as an adverse prognostic indicator of colon cancer. The overexpression of USP30-AS1 dramatically suppressed colon cancer cellular processes, which was alleviated by miR-765.ConclusionsUSP30-AS1 predicts the malignancy and prognosis of colon cancer patients. USP30-AS1 suppressed the progression of colon cancer through modulating miR-765.

Adenoma characteristics associated with post-polypectomy proximal colon cancer incidence: a retrospective cohort study

BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) screening is less effective at reducing cancer incidence in the proximal colon compared to the distal colorectum. We aimed to identify adenoma characteristics associated with proximal colon cancer (PCC).MethodsEndoscopy and pathology data for patients with ≥1 adenoma detected at baseline colonoscopy were obtained from 17 UK hospitals between 2001 and 2010. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for PCC, and, for comparison, distal CRC incidence, by adenoma characteristics.ResultsAmong 18,431 patients, 152 and 105 developed PCC and distal CRC, respectively, over a median follow-up of 9.8 years. Baseline adenoma characteristics positively associated with PCC incidence included number (≥3 vs. < 3: aHR 2.10, 95% CI: 1.42–3.09), histology (tubulovillous/villous vs. tubular: aHR 1.61, 95% CI: 1.10–2.35) and location (any proximal vs. distal only: aHR 1.70, 95% CI: 1.20–2.42), for which there was borderline evidence of heterogeneity by subsite (p = 0.055). Adenoma dysplasia (high vs. low grade) was associated with distal CRC (aHR 2.42, 95% CI: 1.44–4.04), but not PCC (p-heterogeneity = 0.023).ConclusionsBaseline adenoma number, histology and proximal location were independently associated with PCC and may be important to identify patients at higher risk for post-polypectomy PCC.

Molecular Mechanism of Integrin αvβ6 in Liver Metastasis of Colon Cancer Based on SDF-1/CXCR4.

With the changes in people's dietary life, the incidence and mortality of colon cancer have risen sharply. Invasive metastasis of colon cancer is the main reason affecting the prognosis. Therefore, it is very important to study the molecular mechanism of SDF-1/CXCR4 and integrin αvβ6 in liver metastasis of colon cancer. Floating cells were used to detect the appearance of β6, and the relationship between SDF-1/CXCR4 and the molecular mechanism of colon cancer redirection was analyzed. Use immunohistochemistry to detect the appearance of SDF-1/CXCR4 and αvβ6 protein, and combine the data with clinical-pathological data for statistical analysis. Experimental data showed that the positive expression rates of αvβ6 protein in well-differentiated and poorly differentiated colon cancer tissues were 21.4% and 30.6%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The results show that the appearance of SDF-1/CXCR4 in colon cancer cells (CCC) has nothing to do with the type of cancer cells, and increases with the decrease of cell differentiation. This has a great relationship with the classification of the clinical TNM disease stage. The later the disease stage, the higher the expression level. The αvβ6 has a strong correlation with the invasion and metastasis of colon cancer and can be used as a criterion for judging liver metastasis and prognosis.