Incidence Of Chronic Disease Research Articles

Development of a Remote Health-Monitoring System for Frail People: A Preliminary Study.

Respiratory and cardiovascular functions decline with age in elderly individuals. Consequently, the incidence of chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases increases with age. Heart disease and pneumonia are the leading causes of death in Japan. Given the pathophysiological nature of these diseases, patients inevitably require monitoring of their cardiac and pulmonary functions, such as heart rate and arterial blood oxygenation, as systemic parameters. In addition, monitoring skin temperature and humidity as local parameters is preferable for elderly individuals to maintain healthy daily conditions. In the present study, we developed a wearable vital sign monitoring system and validated the accuracy of the device under development as compared to authorised medical devices that measure these systemic and local parameters in the peripheral tissue of the palm. For the systemic parameters, mean values showed no significant differences between the two devices, but the data bias was greater for the device under development. For the local parameters, mean values showed significant differences between the two devices; however, the data bias was the same for both devices. The acceptable data acquisition of the device under development was approximately 89%, with error acquisition mainly caused by the measurement of systemic parameters. We conclude that further improvements in measurement of systemic parameters are required to increase the data acquisition beyond 90%.

Independent effect of the triglyceride-glucose index on all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma: A retrospective cohort study.

The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index serves as a reliable proxy for insulin resistance (IR). IR has been linked to heightened incidence, prevalence, or severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Prior research indicates that critically ill patients are prone to developing IR. Nevertheless, few studies have delved into the correlation between IR and all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with COPD and asthma. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the association between the TyG index and all-cause mortality in patients with COPD and asthma, with the goal of assessing the impact of IR on the prognosis of this patient population. This is a retrospective study, and all data are from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) critical care database. This study included 684 ICU patients with COPD and asthma and divided them into quartiles based on TyG index levels. The primary outcomes of this study were all-cause mortality during follow-up, encompassing mortality at 30 days, 90 days, and 180 days. The Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare all-cause mortality among the above four groups. Cox proportional hazards analyses were performed to examine the association between TyG index and all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with COPD and asthma. Restricted cubic spline analysis was used to assess potential nonlinear association between the TyG index and the primary outcome. A total of 684 patients (53.9% female) were included. The 90-days all-cause mortality rate and 180-days all-cause mortality were 11.7% and 12.3%, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significant association between the TyG index and both 90-days all-cause mortality (log-rank p = .039) and 180-days all-cause mortality (log-rank p = .017). Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed a significant association between the TyG index and 90-days all-cause mortality in both the unadjusted model (HR, 1.30 [95% CI 1.08-1.57] p = .005) and the model adjusted for age, gender, and diabetes (HR, 1.38 [95% CI 1.15-1.67] p < .001). Similarly, the TyG index was associated with 180-days all-cause mortality in the unadjusted model (HR, 1.30 [95% CI 1.09-1.56] p = .004) and the model adjusted for age, sex, and diabetes (HR, 1.38 [95% CI 1.15-1.66] p < .001). The restricted cubic splines (RCS) regression model indicated a significant nonlinear association between the TyG index and both 90-days and 180-days all-cause mortality. Specifically, TyG index >4.8 was associated with an increased risk of mortality at both 90 days and 180 days. In summary, our results extend the utility of the TyG index to critically ill patients with COPD and asthma. Our study shows that the TyG index is a potential predictor of all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with COPD and asthma. In addition, in patients with a TyG index exceeding 4.8, there was a heightened risk of mortality. Measuring the TyG index may help with risk stratification and prognosis prediction in critically ill patients with COPD and asthma. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings.

Lower Incidence of HCC and Other Major Adverse Liver Outcomes in People Living With HIV and Chronic Liver Disease

Background and AimsPeople living with HIV (PLWH) show a high incidence of chronic liver disease (CLD). However, whether HIV is associated with major adverse liver outcomes (MALO) in patients with underlying CLD remains to be determined. MethodsIn this population-based cohort study, data were retrieved from the Swedish National Patient Register to identify PLWH and CLD (n=2,375) or CLD without HIV (n=144,346) between 1997 and 2020. The cumulative incidence of MALO was calculated while accounting for competing risks (non-MALO death). Incidence rates per 1000 person-years were compared between the exposure groups (HIV vs. no HIV) with Cox regression to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). ResultsThe incidence rate per 1000 person-years of MALO was lower in PLWH (5.1, 95% CI 4.2-6.1) compared to patients without HIV (13.1, 95% CI 12.9-13.3). This translated into an adjusted HR of 0.77 (95% CI 0.64-0.93), driven by a lower rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (adjusted HR=0.61, 95% CI 0.43-0.86). Consistent results were noted across a range of subgroup analyses. The 10-year cumulative incidence of MALO was lower in PLWH (5.0%, 95% CI 4.1-6.1) than in patients without HIV (10.9%, 95% CI 10.7-11.0). ConclusionAmong patients with CLD, the risk of MALO was lower in PLWH compared to those without HIV, primarily due to a lower incidence of HCC. These results suggest that HIV is not associated with a higher risk of MALO.

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease incidence in Russia before and during the COVID-19 epidemy

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease incidence in Russia before and during the COVID-19 epidemy

Joint association of serum urate and healthy diet with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease incidence: results from the UK Biobank study.

Background: The role of serum urate (SU) levels in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a topic of debate, and it is unclear whether a healthy diet can mitigate the impact of SU on COPD risk. The objective of this study is to examine whether and to what extent a healthy diet can reduce the risk of COPD in relation to SU levels. Methods: The cohort analysis included 155 403 participants from the UK Biobank. SU levels were measured at the time of recruitment. A healthy diet score was calculated based on the consumption of vegetables, fruits, fish, processed meats, unprocessed red meat, whole grains, and refined grains. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the associations between SU levels, a healthy diet score, and the risk of COPD. Results: During a follow-up period of 1 409 969 person-years, 2918 incident cases of COPD were identified. Compared with the lowest SU level group, the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for COPD were 1.17 (1.03, 1.34) for participants with the highest SU level (hyperuricemia), indicating a positive association. Additionally, a dose-response relationship was observed between SU levels and the incidence of COPD (P-value for overall <0.0001). In the combined effect analysis, compared to individuals with high SU (hyperuricemia) + a low diet score (diet score <4), those with normal SU + a high diet score (diet score ≥4) had a HR (95% CI) of 0.75 (0.65, 0.87) for COPD. Conclusions: In summary, there is a positive association between SU levels and the risk of COPD. Furthermore, a healthier diet can mitigate the risk of COPD associated with high SU levels.

Prosthodontic Research in the Digital Era: Current Trends and Future Prospects

Prosthodontic Research in the Digital Era: Current Trends and Future Prospects

Is less more? Intravenous immunoglobulin for pediatric immune thrombocytopenia.

Treatment of pediatric immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is guided by the risk of bleeding. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is one of the first-line therapy options for new-onset pediatric ITP. However, the exact optimal dose of IVIg has not been determined. This retrospective cohort study included all hospitalized children with newly diagnosed ITP receiving IVIg as first-line therapy during 2010-2020. We compared the safety and efficacy of two common IVIg dose regimens, 1 and 2 g/kg. Outcomes were short and long-term treatment responses and adverse events to the different doses. A total of 168 children were included in our cohort. Eighty-two children were treated with 1 g/kg of IVIg and 86 with 2 g/kg. There was no difference in sustained response (platelet count > 20 × 109, > 14 days) between the groups (74.3% vs 76.7%, respectively, p = 0.72) and maximal platelet counts following treatment (p = 0.44). No difference was found regarding the percentage of chronic ITP between the two groups (24.4% in the 1 g/kg group as compared to 17.4% in the 2 g/kg group; p = 0.34). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated there was no effect of the IVIg dose on treatment failure and development of chronic ITP. As anticipated, 47.7% of adverse events were in the 2 g/kg group and 32.9% in the 1 g/kg group, with borderline statistical significance (p = 0.06). The initial treatment of newly diagnosed pediatric ITP using a 1 g/kg IVIg regimen may give comparable results to the double dose of 2 g/kg in attaining a prolonged safe hemostatic threshold, without impacting the incidence of chronic disease.

Consumption of fruits and vegetables in two European countries: Results from a survey in France and Portugal

Presently, there is a huge burden on public health due to a very high incidence of chronic diseases like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity, among others. The modern lifestyle, with inadequate diets and insufficient physical activity, is one of the most important factors contributing to this situation. Therefore, a healthy diet can have a very positive impact on global population health. Fruits and vegetables are staple foods with a typically low caloric value that still contribute to an adequate ingestion of the necessary macro and micronutrients and bioactive compounds, with a beneficial effect on health. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge about the consumption of fruits and vegetables in two countries, Portugal and France. A questionnaire survey was carried out on a sample of 639 adult participants (382 French and 257 Portuguese). The results revealed significant differences in knowledge between countries, sexes, level of education, body mass index, satisfaction with body weight, reasons for dissatisfaction with weight, and having a chronic disease. The most influential sociodemographic variable was the country, while the most influential behavioral variable was practicing a varied diet. Factor analysis identified two factors, one accounting for items in the scale that were true, and the other accounting for false items; both factors had acceptable internal consistency. Finally, cluster analysis showed three clusters of participants: The first included individuals with high knowledge of both factors, the second included individuals with low or very low knowledge, and the third cluster included individuals with partial knowledge, who only knew about true items. These results are relevant for planning educational measures aimed at improving knowledge and thus helping to promote healthier diets.

The involvement of reactive oxygen species in causing chronic cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and some cancers

An increase in the occurrence of different infectious and chronic diseases as well as aging population has resulted in poor human health and decline in the quality of life all over the world. In fact, chronic diseases, which are partially resistant to currently available drugs are long lasting health hazards and require ongoing medical attention. Major causes of increase in these diseases are considered to be changes in the environment as well as diets and lifestyle. Particularly, there has been changes from a simple, nutritious, lowcalorie diet and active lifestyle to a complex and processed food rich in high calories accompanied by a sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy living habits. Since high-calorie diets and inactive lifestyle are known to promote the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body, it is likely that oxidative stress and associated inflammation may be intimately involved in enhancing the resistance of several disorders to the existing therapeutic interventions and thus promoting the occurrence of chronic diseases. A thorough review of literature regarding the pathogenesis of some major chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease like heart failure, neurodegenerative disorder like Alzheimer's disease and various types of cancer has revealed that these health hazards are associated with increased oxidative stress, production of pro-inflammatory chemicals such as nitric oxide and some cytokines, as well as formation of some toxic substances such as advanced glycation end products. It is thus evident that extensive research work by employing genetic, immunological and nutraceutical approaches, needs to be carried out for developing some novel antioxidants with anti-inflammatory activities for reducing the incidence of chronic diseases. In the meantime, it would be prudent for patients with chronic diseases to pursue the preventive measures involving reduced intake of high calorie diet and following an active lifestyle

Higher Arterial Stiffness Predicts Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults: The ELSA-Brasil Cohort Study.

Central Illustration : Higher Arterial Stiffness Predicts Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults: The ELSA-Brasil Cohort Study. Arterial stiffening can directly affect the kidneys, which are passively perfused by a high flow. However, whether the relation between arterial stiffness and renal function depends on diabetes and hypertension conditions, is a matter of debate. To investigate the relationship between arterial stiffening by carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) incidence in individuals and verify whether this association is present in individuals without hypertension and diabetes. A longitudinal study of 11,647 participants of the ELSA-Brasil followed up for four years (2008/10-2012/14). Baseline cfPWV was grouped per quartile, according to sex-specific cut-offs. Presence of CKD was ascertained by glomerular filtration rate (eGFR-CKD-EPI) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and/or albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g. Logistic regression models were run for the whole cohort and a subsample free from hypertension and diabetes at baseline, after adjustment for age, sex, race, schooling, smoking, cholesterol/HDL ratio, body mass index, diabetes, use of antihypertensive, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiovascular disease. Statistical significance was set at 5%. The chance of CKD was 42% (CI 95%: 1.05;1.92) greater among individuals in the upper quartile of cfPWV. Among normotensive, non-diabetic participants, individuals in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles of cfPWV presented greater chances of developing CKD, as compared to those in the lower quartile, and the magnitude of this association was the greatest for those in the upper quartile (OR: 1.81 CI 95%: 1.14;2.86). Higher cfPWV increased the chances of CKD and suggests that this effect is even greater in individuals without diabetes and hypertension.

Root Cause Analysis Of Quality Control And Cost Control Of Implementing The Referback Program In First Level Health Facilities

Background: The incidence of chronic diseases in Jambi City is still high from year to year. The Referback Program (PRB) is one of the government's efforts through BPJS Health in collaboration with health facilities to ensure chronic disease sufferers have easier access to obtain the medicines they need at an efficient cost. This research aims to analyze the main problems of quality control and cost control of PRB implementation in terms of man, material-machine, method, market, money and time elements at FKTP in Jambi City. Methods: The research was conducted using qualitative methods using the perspective of Root Cause Analysis (RCA) theory to form research procedures. The informants consisted of the person in charge of PRB, the head of the community health center and PRB participants at FKTP in Jambi City. The research instrument is a structured interview sheet. Data analysis uses thematic analysis techniques according to the RCA flow Results: The research results found that the main cause of the problem was weak coordination between PRB officers and BPJS Health in implementing PRB at FKTP. Conclusion: It is recommended that BPJS Health be more active in providing outreach and special training to PRB officers as well as setting up a clear monitoring and evaluation system regarding the implementation of PRB in FKTP

Analysis of influencing factors in chronic kidney disease incidence in Indonesia

Background: The incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) continues to increase from year to year. There was an increase in CKD rates in the 2013 and 2018 basic health research or Riset kesehatan dasar (Riskesdas). Several provinces in Indonesia show a high incidence of CKD and require hemodialysis. As the incidence of CKD increases, it is important to investigate the influencing factors.Objective: To identify the influencing factors of CKD incidence in Indonesia.Methods: Data from 11 provinces with the highest incidence of CKD and hemodialysis were obtained from the Indonesian Ministry of Health through the Riskesdas 2018 survey. For comparison, the incidence of hemodialysis patients in 2020 at Immanuel Hospital Bandung was included in the investigation. All data were analysed using a Python software program, and a decision tree was determined. The results of the decision tree were analysed using Chi-square. Subject profiles were descriptively analysed for some Riskesdas 2018 data and medical records at Immanuel Hospital. Results: The total data from Riskesdas was 130,787 subjects, among those, there were 610 people with CKD/hemodialysis, meanwhile data of 79 people with hemodialysis were obtained from Immanuel Hospital. The odds ratios of diabetes mellitus was 4.54 (p=0.000), hypertension was 3.00 (p=0.000), salty food was 2.26 (p=0.000), waist circumference (WC) was 1.35 (p=0.025), and body mass index (BMI) was 1.06 (p=0.605). Conclusion: Diabetes, hypertension, salty foods, WC and BMI are the five most important factors influencing the incidence of CKD in Indonesia. These variables need to be managed properly to reduce the incidence of CKD.

Chronic kidney disease associated with hypertension

Background: Globally, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is acknowledged as a major public health issue. Both the incidence and prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are rising with immense pace worldwide. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus is the main risk factor of chronic kidney disease. Objective: To determine chronic Kidney disease associated with hypertension Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at district headquarter hospital, Mianwali, Pakistan, which was performed between June 2020 and February 2022, the total number of patients in our study were 120. The number of Male patients were 49 and female were 71. In 120 consecutive patients who underwent for blood tests and Blood pressure monitoring. We also took stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD stage 1,2,3A,3B,4 and 5). We did renal function test for all patients (serum creatinine and serum urea). Data was tabulated and analyzed by SPSS. Results: In a current study total 120 patients were enrolled. The minimum age of patients were30 and the maximum age of the patients were 84. The mean age were 50.60±10.9 years. The minimum systolic blood pressure were 130 and maximum systolic blood pressure were 200. The mean systolic blood pressure were 149.55±13.5. The minimum diastolic blood pressure were 80 and the maximum diastolic blood pressure were 100. The mean diastolic blood pressure were 89.57±3.76 The frequency of male patients were 49 and its percentage were 40.8. The frequency of female patients were 71 and its percentage were 59.2. The frequency of age group 30-50 years were 61 and its percentage were 50.8. The frequency of age group 51-70 years were 52 and its percentage were 43.3. The frequency of age group &gt;70 years were 7 and its percentage were 5.8. The mean of renal functional test Serum creatinine were 7.82 mg/dl and its SD value were 3.59 mg/dl. The mean of renal functional test Serum urea were 109.90 mg/dl and its SD value were 24.30 mg/dl. · The mean glomerular filtration rate were 20.36 ml/min and its SD value were 13.2 ml/min. · The mean weight of patients were 56.61 kg and its SD value were 10.19 kg. · The P-value of stages of Chronic kidney disease (CKD) were 0.133. The P-value of hypertension were 0.074. Conclusion: Hypertension and diabetes mellitus is the main cause of Chronic kidney disease (CKD). Stage 5 Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients were more in our study as compare to other stages of CKD. We concluded in our study that after age of 30, patients have higher risk of Chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Vascular complications of diabetes mellitus worldwide and in Russia: The path of 100 years. A review

With the discovery and introduction of insulin, the "palette" of life-threatening conditions for patients with diabetes mellitus has changed dramatically: from diabetic coma of the "pre-insulin era" to severe vascular complications in the modern period. The key risk factors for diabetic angiopathies in diabetes mellitus are poor glycemic control in combination with a long course of the disease. Over the past 30 years, there has been a downward trend in the incidence of late vascular complications of diabetes both worldwide and in Russia. In particular, the frequency of cardiovascular events (myocardial infarctions, strokes, amputations) decreased, and the incidence of several other complications, such as diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy, stabilized. However, the incidence of chronic kidney disease and chronic heart failure is still increasing. The Joslin Medal, awarded to patients over 50, 75 and even 80 years of life with diabetes, reflects success in the fight against this disease.

A Comprehensive Review of Vitamin D3: Metabolism, Functions, and Clinical Implications

The current article examines the metabolism of cholecalciferol, its functions in body, and relevance within a clinical set up. Vitamin D3 or cholecalciferol is important for many physiological processes and is essential for general health. The purpose of this review is to begin by providing extensive discussions about vitamin D3 thereafter explain how it travels through the body in order to determine why its level varies from one human to another. The article is very precise describing the functions of vitamin D3 which includes supporting bone strength, normalization of calcium blood levels, immunological regulation, and relation with the chronic disease incidence. The article also discusses how vitamin D3 relates to musculoskeletal integrity, cardiovascular functioning, mental/psychological wellbeing, and tumor inhibition. Vitamin D3 deficiency screening methodology including diagnosis, dietary sources and supplementation regime is assessed in detail. Lastly, the article touches on the potential of adding vitamin D3 in clinical work. Safety assessments are performed while considering possible side effects in relation to vitamin D3. This review underscored the critical role of vitamin D3 in sustaining human life and its significance for population health management.

EFFECT OF EARLY-LIFE DISCRIMINATION IN PARENTING ON THE PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH OF MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER ADULTS

Abstract This study aimed to explore the early-life discrimination in parenting on the physical and mental well-being of middle-aged and older adults, while also exploring the potential mediating role of early-life health. By combined data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2018 and related life history survey in 2014, 8204 females and 7305 males aged 45-84 were analyzed in this study. Logistic regression was employed to analyze the association between early-life discrimination in parenting and the incidence of chronic diseases as well as depression in middle-aged and older individuals. The KHB method was used to assess the mediating effect of early-life health in these connections. Regarding gender-based discrimination in parenting, parental preference for sons during early life was found escalated the probability of chronic diseases by 18% (OR=1.18, 95%CI: 1.01-1.38) and increased depression risk by 16% (OR=1.16, 95%CI: 1.03-1.31) among middle-aged and older females. In terms of sibling-related discrimination, parental inclination towards specific siblings heightened the likelihood of depression during middle and older years among females (OR=1.17, 95%CI: 1.03-1.34). However, these effects were not significant in males. The study further identified that early-life health partially mediated the influence of gender-based parental preferences on the mental well-being of middle-aged and older females, accounting for 8.603% of the overall effect. These findings underscored the potential for early-life discrimination within parenting to impact both the physical and mental health of middle-aged and older females by shaping their early-life health status, consequently resonating throughout their mental well-being in later life.

Possibility of using non-invasive modes of respiratory support at the stages of interhospital transportation of newborns

Introduction. Respiratory support remains the most common procedure performed by neonatal transport team specialists. Non-invasive ventilation is a very common method of respiratory support for newborns, reducing the incidence of chronic lung disease. However, the safety and efficacy of this type of support during transportation remain controversial. The aim of the work is to determine the current state of the problem of non-invasive respiratory support in newborns in the initial medical organization, at the stage of pre-transport preparation and during transportation. Materials and methods. Literature sources were searched and selected in PubMed and eLibrary. The following queries were used for the search: nasal continuous positive airway pressure, non invasive ventilation, neonate, newborn, patient transportation, transport, transfer. Types of studies considered: retrospective observational studies, prospective studies (randomized, quasi-randomized, non-randomized), systematic reviews, meta-analyses, clinical protocols. Depth of search − 20 years. The total number of publications included in the review was 61, including 29 studies directly related to the use of noninvasive ventilation in interhospital neonatal transport. Results and discussion. Non-invasive respiratory support is one of the priority and actively used methods of therapy of respiratory disorders of various genesis in neonatology. Nasal CPAP is used both independently and in conjunction with various methods of surfactant administration, reducing the risk of a combined outcome “death or chronic lung disease”. It is recommended both as a method of starting respiratory support and as an intermediate option to increase the probability of successful extubation. There is limited experience with non-invasive respiratory support during interhospital transport of neonates. The available studies suggest that when patients are selected rationally and reasonable criteria are applied to administer nCPAP en route, this method of respiratory support is safe, effective, maintains the benefits of spontaneous breathing, and reduces the duration of intensive care. The small number and poor design quality of studies in this direction do not allow at this stage to form evidence-based recommendations. Conclusion. Medical evacuation of newborns from 1−2 level institutions to level 3 organization with nCPAP is safe and has a number of potential benefits. Existing recommendations are empirical, and there are exceptionally few studies evaluating the validity of such recommendations.

EFFECT OF LONG-TERM CALORIC RESTRICTION ON THE PACE OF BIOLOGICAL AGING IN HEALTHY ADULTS FROM THE CALERIE TRIAL

Abstract The geroscience hypothesis proposes that therapy to slow or reverse molecular changes that occur with aging can delay or prevent multiple chronic diseases and extend healthy lifespan. Caloric restriction (CR), defined as lessening caloric intake without depriving essential nutrients, can change molecular processes associated with aging, including DNA methylation (DNAm), and increases healthy lifespan in multiple species. Here we report results of a post-hoc analysis of the influence of CR on DNAm measures of aging in blood samples from the Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) trial, a randomized controlled trial in which n=220 non-obese adults were randomized to 25% CR or ad libitum control diet for 2years. We found that CALERIE intervention slowed the pace of aging, as measured by the DunedinPACE DNAm clock, but did not lead to significant changes in PhenoAge- or GrimAge-clock-measured biological age. Treatment effects were small; changes in DunedinPACE suggest a ~3% slowing of the pace of aging. Nevertheless, this small effect may be substantive; in an independent study of older adults, 3% slower DunedinPACE is associated with a 15% lower risk of death. The finding that CR modified DunedinPACE in a randomized controlled trial supports the geroscience hypothesis, building on evidence from small and uncontrolled studies and contrasting with reports that biological aging may not be modifiable. Ultimately, a conclusive test of the geroscience hypothesis will require trials with long-term follow-up to establish effects of intervention on primary healthy-aging endpoints, including incidence of chronic disease and mortality.

HCDP-DELM: Heterogeneous chronic disease prediction with temporal perspective enabled deep extreme learning machine

The strain on healthcare systems is growing dramatically due to the significant rise in heterogeneous chronic disease incidence. Even though frequent patient monitoring is complex and expensive, analyzing chronic illness transitions and predicting patients at risk of developing ailments is crucial to healthcare. This paper proposes an innovative prediction framework for heterogeneous chronic disease prediction (HCDP), including hypertension (HT), heart disease (HD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD), and develops a patient symptom-weighted network (PSWN) by projecting the bipartite graph. Hence, PSWN represents the relationship between health conditions for patients with similar illnesses. LSTM was used to capture the temporal relationship between features in the patient network using a complex network theory. Finally, a deep extreme learning machine (DELM) was applied as a classifier to predict heterogeneous chronic disease. Subsequently, the proposed model was evaluated against previous studies, and the result revealed that the proposed model was more accurate. Remarkably, the proposed architecture achieves an accuracy of 95.02% for hypertension, 96.15% for heart disease, and 98.39% for chronic kidney disease prediction. The relevance of the model is also evaluated with the use of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. As evidenced in this study, the suggested model outperformed previous research and state-of-the-art approaches, suggesting its potential for a pivotal role in the medical decision-making of heterogeneous chronic diagnoses. Furthermore, the HCDP-DELM model contributes to healthcare authorities by establishing a system of smart surveillance and precise forecasting that allows for delayed disease detection and provides insightful potential strategies for developing effective healthcare.

Nutrition-Related Knowledge, Diet Quality, Lifestyle, and Body Composition of 7-12-Years-Old Polish Students: Study Protocol of National Educational Project Junior-Edu-Żywienie (JEŻ).

Increasing students' nutrition knowledge is an important goal of school education which may improve their lifestyle and consequently reduce the incidence of non-communicable chronic diseases, including obesity. This research aimed at assessing the dietary habits, nutrition-related knowledge and attitudes, and nutritional status of Polish students aged 7-12 years. Additional objectives included recognizing nutrition-related knowledge among their parents and teachers as well as the school food and nutrition environment. The final goal was to develop a nutrition education program. This study protocol presents a general and detailed approach for realizing the above-mentioned issues, including conducting quantitative and qualitative research. The study was designed as cross-sectional, covering primary school students from all over Poland, including rural, town, and metropolitan areas. Data on eating habits, lifestyle, nutrition-related knowledge, and attitudes were collected with questionnaires. Measurements of body weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, and handgrip strength were performed in accordance with the International Standards for Anthropometric Assessment (ISAK) recommendations. Body composition was assessed with bioelectrical impedance analysis. Ultimately, 2218 schools from all 16 voivodeships in Poland registered for the project. In total, quantitative data were collected among 27,295 students, 17,070 parents, and 2616 teachers. Anthropometric measurements were taken among 18,521 students. The results allow us to develop a multifaceted educational program based on knowledge and adapted to the perception of students. Our research may contribute to the identification of subpopulations of children and adolescents at risk of excessive body weight and define the predictors of obesity risk in Poland.