Incidence Of Cataract Research Articles

Factors Influencing the Occurrence of Cataracts In Hospital

This study aimed to determine the factors that influence the occurrence of cataracts in the Sheikh Yusuf Hospital, Gowa Regency. The research design used was analytic with a Cross-Sectional Study approach. The study results were obtained using the Observation sheet with a sample of 55 respondents. After conducting research, sampling is done by accidental sampling, and then the data is processed using computer software. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was an effect of age on the incidence of cataracts by regression test with t-test obtained a Significant value of 0.001 < 0.05 and Occupational Effect on the incidence of cataracts with t-test obtained a Significant value of 0.000 < 0.05 this study concludes that there is an effect of age on the incidence of cataracts. Cataracts and there is an effect of work on the incidence of cataracts in the Sheikh Yusuf Hospital, Gowa Regency. It is recommended that the hospital be able to provide information to patients to increase patient knowledge about cataracts and cataract surgery.

Faktor Risiko Katarak di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Astambul, Kabupaten Banjar, Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia

Background. Indonesia has the highest prevalence of blindness in Southeast Asia; 81.2% are caused by cataracts. The prevalence of cataract blindness in South Kalimantan was 87.9%. Risk factors for cataracts include age, sex, comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension, steroid use, history of smoking, and exposure to ultraviolet radiation. This study aims to determine the risk factors and incidence of cataracts in the area of Astambul Community Health Center. Method. An observational analytical study with a cross-sectional approach. Primary data from January-February 2023 was collected from health center, posbindu and elderly posyandu visits. The data was analyzed with a chi square test. Results. p-value for age was p=0,046, gender p=0,251, occupation p=0,027, diabetes mellitus p=0,028, and hypertension p=0,023. Conclusion. A significant relationship between cataract incidence and age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and occupation. There is no significant relationship between cataract incidence and gender.

Association between amiodarone use and risk of cataract: a population-based active-comparator study.

Despite previous concerns about ocular side effects related to amiodarone, the relationship between amiodarone and cataract remains uncertain. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the potential association between amiodarone use and the subsequent risk of cataract, taking into account potential confounders. This population-based, active comparator-controlled cohort study utilized the data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance program and involved adults over 40years old between 2001 and 2013. We analyzed 12 055 new amiodarone users and contrasted them with a propafenone user cohort. The primary outcome was the incidence of cataract. Inverse-probability treatment-weighting (IPTW) was further used to eliminate the potential confounding effects, and Cox proportional-hazard regression analyses were performed to calculate the risk of cataract. Serial subgroup analyses were also performed. In the main analysis, amiodarone users did not exhibit a significant causal relationship in both full cohort [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 0.994, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.913-1.082] and IPTW cohort (IPTW-aHR 0.977, 95% CI: 0.900-1.060). Furthermore, it is important to highlight a significantly reduced risk of cataract among patients with heart failure (IPTW-aHR 0.708, 95% CI: 0.554-0.905) and during the 2-year follow-up period (IPTW-aHR 0.889, 95% CI: 0.794-0.996), implying potential advantages linked to the use of amiodarone. The study found no increased risk of cataract with amiodarone, one of the most frequently used antiarrhythmic medications, compared to the use of propafenone. Future research is recommended to explore potential mechanisms and their implications for clinical practice.

Evaluation and model to achieve sex parity in cataract surgical coverage in Theni district, India

Background/aimsTo propose an approach to determine the target ratio of cataract surgical rates (CSRs) of female to male subpopulations to increase sex parity in cataract surgical coverage (CSC), based on...

Association of serum lipid level with age related cataract in north western Rajasthan

: The aim of the study was to evaluate whether serum lipids levels are associated with incidence and type of age related cataract (ARC).: This was a analytical observational study conducted at Department of Ophthalmology of S.P. Medical College and Associated Group of Hospitals, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India. A random sample size of 200 subjects who met the inclusion criteria was recruited.: Data were analyzed and statistically evaluated using SPSS-PC-25 version.In the present study we found that mean age for control group was 50.84 years and 60.91 years for case group. In control group 69% male patients were seen while in case group 53% male patients were present. The mean Serum CHO level was found to be 204.66 ± 50.76 mg/dl in control subjects and it was found to be 226.63 ± 59.63 mg/dl in the subjects with age-related cataract (ARC). The mean Serum TG level was found to be 113.70 ± 59.92 mg/dl in control subjects and it was found to be 149.35 ± 68.12mg/dl in the subjects with age-related cataract (ARC). The mean Serum HDL level was found to be 58.65 ± 15.25 mg/dl in control subjects and it was found to be 53.12 ± 11.28 mg/dl in the subjects with age-related cataract (ARC). Our study found association between serum lipid profiles with age related cataract in the population. Our findings indicate a need for health promotional activities and health care access for controlling this modifiable factor among the ageing population of the country.

Unraveling the impact of the p.R107L mutation on the structure and function of human αB-Crystallin: Implications for cataract formation

To date, several pathogenic mutations have been identified in the primary structure of human α-Crystallin, frequently involving the substitution of arginine with a different amino acid. These mutations can lead to the incidence of cataracts and myopathy. Recently, an important cataract-associated mutation has been reported in the functional α-Crystallin domain (ACD) of human αB-Crystallin protein, where arginine 107 (R107) is replaced by a leucine. In this study, we investigated the structure, chaperone function, stability, oligomerization, and amyloidogenic properties of the p.R107L human αB-Crystallin using a number of different techniques. Our results suggest that the p.R107L mutation can cause significant changes in the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of αB-Crystallin. This cataractogenic mutation led to the formation of protein oligomers with larger sizes than the wild-type protein and reduced the chemical and thermal stability of the mutant chaperone. Both fluorescence and microscopic assessments indicated that this mutation significantly altered the amyloidogenic properties of human αB-Crystallin. Furthermore, the mutant protein indicated an attenuated in vitro chaperone activity. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation confirmed the experimental results and indicated that p.R107L mutation could alter the proper conformation of human αB-Crystallin dimers. In summary, our results indicated that the p.R107L mutation could promote the formation of larger oligomers, diminish the stability and chaperone activity of human αB-Crystallin, and these changes, in turn, can play a crucial role in the development of cataract disorder.

The Relationship between Diabetes Mellitus with Senile Cataracts

A cataract is any condition of cloudiness of the eye lens (lens opacity) caused by denaturation of lens proteins, lens hydration, or both. Senile cataract refers to cataracts suffered by patients aged > 50 years. Cataract is a multifactorial disease. About 90% of cataract incidence is related to age. Other factors such as radiation exposure, trauma, medicine, or the presence of systemic disorders are also involved in diabetes melitus. The study’s goal was to analyze the relationship between diabetes mellitus and the incidence of senile cataract. The research was carried out using an analytical observational method and utilized a case-control study approach with individual matching. The data was taken from the medical record installation at the Eye Clinic of SMEC Samarinda with a purposive sampling method. The sample in this study included patients with eye disorders or diseases.The patients with a cataract diagnosis were involved as the case group, while non-cataract patients as the control group. All patients were received treatment at the SMEC Samarinda Eye Clinic in the period January to December 2021 and already met the research sample criteria. The data then tested using the Chi-Square test with a significance value of p <0.05, which was considered significant. A total of 334 samples were obtained, consisting of 167 case samples and 167 control samples. The results indicated that there was a relationship between diabetes mellitus and senile cataract (p = 0.000) with an odds ratio (OR) value of 3.150. It can be concluded that diabetes mellitus had a relationship with the incidence of senile cataract, since patients with diabetes mellitus were 3.150 times more at risk of suffering senile cataracts than non-diabetics patients.

Nationwide incidence of congenital and infantile cataract requiring surgery in Korea

Congenital and infantile (CI) cataract is one of the most important and preventable cause of blindness in children, but the incidence has not been studied in Korea. We collected data from the national claims database of the National Health Insurance Service of Korea from 2002 through 2019. We identified children who underwent cataract surgery within the age of 5 years, and cumulative incidence rates were calculated for each of the three age criteria. 989 patients out of 4,221,459 births underwent surgery with CI cataract during the period. The cumulative incidence rates per 10,000 births were 1.60 (0–1 years), 2.38 (0–3 years), and 2.95 (0–5 years), respectively. The incidence peaked in the 2007 birth cohort, which coincides with the start of the national screening program for infants/children. Primary intraocular lens implantation was performed in 439 patients (44%). Strabismus and glaucoma requiring surgery occurred in 291 patients (29.4%) and 32 patients (3.2%), respectively, within 8 years after cataract surgery. The incidence rates of CI cataract in Korea appear to be comparable to previous studies in other regions. The early screening program for infants may reduce delayed diagnosis and increase the proportion of patients undergoing surgery at a critical time for visual development.

Prevalence and Analysis of Risk Factors for Cataracts in Jember Regency, Indonesia

Introduction: Cataracts are the leading cause of preventable blindness. This study aims to determine the prevalence of cataracts and analyze the risk factors for cataracts in Jember Regency.
 Methods: The research design is observational research with a cross-sectional approach. The study carried out eye examinations on 1000 adults (≥50 years) who were randomly selected in Jember Regency. Risk factors analyzed included age, gender, education, occupation, smoking, and history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension.
 Results: The prevalence of cataracts in Jember Regency is 25.3%. Risk factors associated with the incidence of cataracts are age (OR=1.35; 95%CI: 1.02-1.98), female gender (OR=1.54; 95%CI: 1.12-2.13), low education (OR=1.83; 95%CI: 1.22-2.73), outdoor work (OR=3.72; 95%CI: 1.14-5.58), smoking (OR=1.42; 95%CI: 1.01-2.00), and history of diabetes mellitus (OR=2.15; 95%CI: 1.43-3.24).
 Conclusion: The prevalence of cataracts at ages ≥ 50 years in Jember Regency is quite high. Age, female gender, low education, outdoor work, smoking, and a history of diabetes mellitus are risk factors for cataracts.

Intake of Blueberries, Anthocyanins, and Risk of Eye Disease in Women

BackgroundBlueberries and anthocyanins, their key bioactive component, may improve eye health. However, few long-term studies have examined blueberries and anthocyanins with cataract and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). ObjectivesTo investigate the prospective association between blueberry and anthocyanin intake with incident cataract, total AMD, and visually significant AMD among middle-aged and older women. MethodsA total of 36,653 and 35,402 women initially free of AMD and cataract, respectively, aged ≥45 y from the Women’s Health Study provided semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire data on blueberry intake categorized as none, 1–3 servings/mo, 1 serving/wk, or ≥2 servings/wk, plus a combined category of ≥1 serving/wk. Total anthocyanin intake and major subclasses were energy-adjusted and categorized into quintiles. Self-reported risk factors of eye disease were adjusted in multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of confirmed cataract, AMD, and visually significant AMD with mean follow-up of 11 y. ResultsAmong the participants, 10.5% consumed ≥1 serving/wk of blueberries, with mean total anthocyanin intake of 11.2 mg/d. Compared to no blueberry intake, women consuming 1–3 servings/mo, 1 serving/wk, and ≥2 servings/wk had corresponding multivariable HRs of total AMD of 0.90 (95% CI: 0.73, 1.11), 0.71 (95% CI: 0.50, 1.00), and 0.36 (95% CI: 0.14, 0.93) (Ptrend = 0.011); those consuming ≥1 servings/wk had an HR of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.47, 0.98). A similar magnitude of HRs were found for visually significant AMD (Ptrend = 0.012) but not for cataract. There were no significant associations between increasing total anthocyanin quintiles and total and visually significant AMD, but there was a modest inverse association with cataract (Ptrend = 0.022), driven by a 10% reduction in cataract in the upper 2 quintiles. ConclusionsGreater blueberry intake significantly reduced total AMD, but not visually significant AMD or cataract. However, the magnitude of effect for visually significant AMD was similar to total AMD. There was a modest but significant inverse association between dietary anthocyanin intake with cataract but not AMD.

ASSESSMENT OF VISUAL ACUITY AND COMPLICATIONS POST CATARACT SURGERY IN PATIENTS WITH UVEITIS IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Aim and Objectives Aim:To study the visual acuity and operative complications after cataract surgery in patients with uveitis in tertiary care hospital Objectives: 1.To study factors affecting visual acuity. 2.To study surgical complications post cataract surgery in uveitis patients. Materials and Methods:A total of 18 patients were taken, data was collected from all the selected patients using a structured proforma meeting the objectives of the study. • Inclusion Criteria:1.All complicated cataract patients attending ophthalmology OPD 2.A quite eye (without inflammation) for atleast 3 months • Exclusion Criteria: 1.Cataract due to causes other than uveitis 2.Patients with posterior segment pathology Patients were scheduled for follow up on post op day 1, day 3 , day 7 , day 15, day 30, day 60, day 90. Results: The prevalance was more common in males compared to females. Out of 18 patients, 14 (77%) underwent SICS with PCIOL implantation and 4 (22%) underwent phacoemulsification with PCIOL. Intra-operative complications were noted as small non-dilating pupil, peripheral anterior synechiae, pupillary membrane, incomplete capsulorhexis, iris prolapse. In 7 (38%) patients sphincterectomy was done and in 4 (22%) patients stretch pupilloplasty was done. Immediate post-op complications that were noted were anterior chamber reaction and pigment dispersion. Late post-op complications that were noted were posterior capsular opacification Dense posterior synechiae were encountered in 12 (66%) patients and excessive conjunctival bleeding in 6(33%) patients. There was improvement in visual outcomes as follows 8 patients had 6/6 vision, 6 patients had 6/18 vision where as remaining 4 patients had 6/36 vision due to early development of posterior capsular opacification. Conclusion: Cataract development is a very common occurrence in any form of anterior and intermediate uveitis because of chronic intraocular inflammation, long term use of corticosteroids. Reported incidence of cataract in uveitic patients is about 25% in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and 75% in chronic anterior uveitis. It is possible to achieve successful visual outcomes following cataract surgery in uveitis by proper management of pre-operative inflammation and close post-operative observation. Management of uveitic cataract requires careful case selection, proper timing of surgery, and close monitoring with appropriate handling of complications that may occur.

Monocular Electrical Cataract: A Case Report

Introduction : An electric shock is experienced when an electric current passes through a part of the body from an entry point to an exit point. Cataract is frequently described as a complication of electrical injury and it is usually bilateral. We report a rare case of high voltage electric injury in young male patient resulting in monocular cataract.
 Case Illustration : A 23 years old man was presented with a diminution of vision one year after sustaining an overhead high voltage power transmission wire that stung his head. The visual acuity of the right eye was hand movement dan 1.0 in the left eye. On slit-lamp examination, opacities were presented in the lens of the right eye and a clear lens in the left eye. Being diagnosed as having monocular cataract, the patient was then performed phacoemulsification on his right eye (April 12th 2023). The pupil shrank until 5 mm during the surgery but foldable IOL was successfully inserted in the capsule. The right eye vision was improved to 0.5 one day after surgery.
 Discussion : The consequences of high-voltage electric burns are complex. Electrical shock can cause protein coagulation and cataract formation. Lens manifestations are more likely when the transmission of current involves the patient’s head. Proper management of electrical cataracts will result in good visual rehabilitation if the eye does not suffer additional damage as in this case.
 Conclusion : Secondary cataract formation due to electric injury may occur, therefore routine examinations with the ophthalmologist are needed after the electrical trauma. The incidence of monocular cataracts after the electric injury is rare.

Socio-demographic Characteristics and Visual Acuity Patients Underwent Cataract Surgery at Pandaan Eye Clinic

Introduction & Objective : Cataracts are one of the leading causes of blindness affecting 94 million worldwide including 77,7% blindness of Indonesians with prevalence in people aged over 50 years reaching 1,9%. This study aimed to describe the socio-demographic characteristics and visual acuity of patients who underwent phacoemulsification cataract surgery at Pandaan Eye Clinic.
 Methods : Patients were consecutively included from January 2022 to December 2022. Data of age, gender, area of residence, occupation, comorbid systemic disease, laterality, intraocular lens (IOL) power, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after four weeks of surgery was obtained. Visual acuity (VA) is classified in the WHO category. Data were recorded in sheets and proceeded using SPSS.
 Results : There were 1583 eyes out of 1230 patients with 55,4% having done unilateral cataract surgery and the most used IOL power at the range 19.00 to 23.00D (75%). The mean age was 60,83 ? 9,05 years and 53,9% were male. Most of them live in Pasuruan Regency (77,7%), without systemic comorbidity (68,8%), and work outdoors (62,2%). Before cataract surgery, most of the patients had blindness (57,6%) (presenting VA <3/60). The BCVA outcomes were 6/6 to 6/18 in 1129 eyes (71,3%).
 Conclusion : This study marked the immense incidence of cataracts as a cause of blindness, particularly in males. The increase in cataract surgery performed also determines that eye care services reach a certain area. Therefore, eye health resources must be evenly available throughout the country to reduce the impact of socio-demographic status

Oral Vitamins for Lowering the Risk of Cataracts: Is It Needed?

Introduction & Objectives : Cataracts are a common age-related ocular disorder leading to blindness. As the role of oral vitamins in the prevention of cataracts remains controversial, various studies have investigated the potential association between oral vitamin supplementation and risk of cataracts. This review aims to find association between oral vitamins and the risk of cataracts.
 Methods : A thorough literature research was conducted on online databases (PubMed, ProQuest, and Cochrane) and hand-searching. This review incorporates human studies in the past decade (2013-2023), conducted concerning the correlation between various kinds of oral vitamins and cataracts. All studies shall be published in English and be available in full-text journals.
 Results : The majority of studies indicated that vitamin C, vitamin E, and multivitamin supplementations were associated with lower risks of cataract incidence. Two articles had similar relative risks (RR) for vitamin C (RR = 0.80-0.81), one article had RR of 0.90 for vitamin E, while two others had RR of 0.66 and hazard risk (HR) of 0.91 for multivitamin. However, one cohort stated otherwise as both vitamin C and vitamin E increased the risk of developing cataracts (HR = 1.21 and 1.59, respectively), while multivitamin had no association (HR = 0.96).
 Conclusion : Oral multivitamin, vitamin C, and E have a significant association with cataracts. Further research is needed to specify the efficacy of each vitamin.

Study of risk factors for cataracts in a chronically exposed population cohort

BACKGROUND: The likelihood of developing cataracts is influenced by many factors, such as age, gender, ethnicity, the presence of somatic pathology (diabetes mellitus, hypertension), dietary habits and lifestyle (obesity, level of education), etc.
 AIM: To study the risk of developing cataracts in exposed people in the long term after chronic radiation exposure, taking into account the influence of radiation dose and non-radiation factors.
 MATERIAL AND METHODS: The total study group consisted of 14,751 people examined in the hospital of the Ural Scientific and Practical Center for Radiation Medicine from 1955 to 2019. Cataracts were diagnosed in 4,658 people. The statistical methods were based on case-control. To assess the association of the studied factors with the risk of developing cataracts, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Morbidity rates were calculated using medical statistics methods per 1000 people. When studying the incidence of cataracts, individualized indicators of radiation dose to the lens of the eye were used.
 RESULTS: The study revealed an increase in the incidence of cataracts as the cohort ages. There was a tendency for the risk of cataracts to increase (OR=1.10; 95% CI=1.00–1.21) with increasing radiation dose. The incidence of cataracts was associated with the presence of arterial hypertension (OR=2.01; 95% CI=1.81–2.22), diabetes mellitus (OR=1.36; 95% CI=1.17–1.58), cerebrovascular diseases (OR=1.14; 95% CI=1.03–1.26), increased body mass index (OR=1.61; 95% CI=1.45–1.78), as well as belonging to Turkic group (OR=1.58; 95% CI=1.44–1.71), living in the city (OR=1.26; 95% CI=1.15–1.38), having no family (OR=1.72; 95% CI=1.63–1.97), employment primarily in mental work (OR=1.34; 95% CI=1.22–1.48).
 CONCLUSION: A tendency for the influence of radiation dose on an increase in the risk of cataracts has been established, medical and social factors that increase the likelihood of developing senile cataracts have been identified.

Exaggeration of consequences of low-dose radiation exposures with special reference to cataracts

Publications overestimating the medical and ecological sequels of a slight anthropogenic increase in the radiation background have been reviewed recently with examples of different organs and pathological conditions. The overestimation contributed to the strangulation of atomic energy. The use of nuclear energy for electricity production is on the agenda today due to the increasing energy needs of humankind. Apparently, certain scientific writers acted in the interests of fossil fuel producers. Health risks and environmental damage are maximal for coal and oil, lower for natural gas, and much lower for atomic energy. This letter is an addition to previously published materials, this time focused on studies of cataracts in radiation-exposed populations in Russia. Selection and self-selection bias are of particular significance. Apparently, the self-reporting rate correlates with dose estimates and/or with professional awareness about radiation-related risks among nuclear workers or radiologic technologists, the latter being associated with their work experience/duration and hence with the accumulated dose. Individuals informed of their higher doses would more often seek medical advice and receive more attention from medics. As a result, lens opacities are diagnosed in exposed people earlier than in the general population. This explains dose-effect correlations proven for the incidence of cataracts but not for the frequency of cataract surgeries. Along the same lines, various pathological conditions are more often detected in exposed people. Ideological bias and the trimming of statistics have not been unusual in the Russian medical sciences. It is known that ionizing radiation causes cataracts; however, threshold levels associated with risks are understudied. In particular, thresholds for chronic and fractionated exposures are uncertain and may be underestimated.

Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients with Conjunctival Lymphoma after Individualized Lens-Sparing Electron Radiotherapy: Results from a Longitudinal Study.

Irradiation with electrons is the primary treatment regime for localized conjunctival low-grade lymphomas. However, radiation-induced cataracts are a major cause of treatment-related morbidity. This study investigates whether lens-sparing electron irradiation produces sufficient disease control rates while preventing cataract formation. All consecutive patients with strictly conjunctival, low-grade Ann Arbor stage IE lymphoma treated with superficial electron irradiation between 1999 and 2021 at our department were reviewed. A total of 56 patients with 65 treated eyes were enrolled with a median follow-up of 65 months. The median dose was 30.96 Gy. A lens-spearing technique featuring a hanging rod blocking the central beam axis was used in 89.2% of all cases. Cumulative incidences of 5- and 10-year infield recurrences were 4.3% and 14.6%, incidences of 5- and 10-year outfield progression were 10.4% and 13.4%. We used patients with involvement of retroorbital structures treated with whole-orbit photon irradiation without lens protection-of which we reported in a previous study-as a control group. The cumulative cataract incidence for patients treated with electrons and lens protection was significantly lower (p = 0.005) when compared to patients irradiated without lens protection. Thus, electrons are an effective treatment option for conjunctival low-grade lymphomas. The presented lens-sparing technique effectively prevents cataract formation.

Cataract surgery utilization in Parkinson's disease: the english longitudinal survey on ageing.

Older adults with Alzheimer's disease are less likely to be offered cataract surgery than the general population, but these disparities have not been examined in the context of other neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Using data from the English Longitudinal Study on Ageing (ELSA), an ongoing, longitudinal population-based survey of older adults in England, we examined the relationship between PD and cataract surgery among adults 50 and older. We used logistic regression to measure the association between PD and history of cataract surgery at baseline. In longitudinal analyses of subjects with no history of cataract surgery at time of enrollment, we used semiparametric, discrete-time proportional hazards models to model the incidence of cataract surgery as a function of PD and other time-dependent covariates. Models were adjusted for demographic variables, self-reported comorbidities, and measures of daily activity limitation. We included data from 19,241 eligible ELSA respondents, of whom 231 (1.2%) reported a diagnosis of PD. PD was positively associated with a history of self-reported cataract surgery at baseline (OR 3.66, 95% CI: 2.55-5.26), but this did not remain significant after adjusting for confounders (OR 1.22, 95% CI: 0.75-1.98). Among subjects with no history of cataract surgery at baseline, PD was also not associated with incident cataract surgery (adjusted HR 1.32, 95% CI: 0.86-2.02). Unlike Alzheimer's disease, people with PD were no less likely to receive cataract surgery compared to those without PD.

Cataracts after Ophthalmic andNonophthalmic Trauma Exposure inService Members, U.S. Armed Forces.

IntroductionWe aimed to identify injury-related risk factors for secondary cataract incidence after eye and brain injury and polytrauma. We also examined the effect of direct and indirect eye injury management on cataract diagnosis and treatment. Prevention or mitigation strategies require knowledge of the causes and types of combat injuries, which will enable more appropriate targeting of resources toward prevention and more efficient management of such injuries. Data were gathered from the Military Health System using the Military Health System Management and Analysis Reporting Tool (M2) between 2017 and 2021 from inpatient and outpatient Service Members (SMs) (active duty and National Guard). The date of the first cataract diagnosis was tracked to estimate the annual incidence rate, and it was longitudinally linked to any prior diagnosis of ocular trauma (OT), traumatic brain injury (TBI), or polytrauma to calculate the relative risk. International Classification of Disease codes, 10th Revision, were used to identify those diagnosed with cataracts, TBI, and polytrauma. Defense and Veterans Eye Injury and Vision Registry data were used to examine SMs who sustained ocular injuries from 2003-2020 and who may have had cataract surgery following a cataract diagnosis. The relative risk of traumatic cataract formation from OT, TBI, and polytrauma are 5.71 (95% CI, 5.05-6.42), 2.32 (95% CI, 2.03-2.63), and 8.95 (95% CI, 6.23-12.38), respectively. Traumatic cataracts in SMs more commonly result from open-globe injuries (70%) than closed-globe injuries (30%). By specific sub-injury type, traumatic cataracts occur most frequently from intraocular foreign bodies (22%). More than 400 patients in the cohort suffered from TBI and traumatic cataracts, more than 300 from OT and cataracts, and more than 20 from polytrauma and cataracts. The battlefield is the riskiest environment for trauma exposure, with 62% of OT occurring in combat. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean visual acuity value before cataract surgery (M = 1.17, SD = 0.72) and the mean visual acuity value after cataract surgery (M = 0.44, SD = 0.66, P < .001). Traumatic cataracts often occur in SMs who sustain ocular injuries. New to the literature is that relationships exist between traumatic cataract formation and nonglobe trauma, specifically TBI and polytrauma. Ocular injury calls for an ophthalmic examination. A low threshold should exist for routine ocular exam consultation in the setting of TBI and polytrauma. Separately, polytrauma patients should undergo a review of systems questions, particularly questions about the ocular and visual pathways. A positive response to screening warrants further investigation of possible ocular pathology, including traumatic cataract formation. Cataract surgery is an effective treatment in improving the vision of SMs who suffer from traumatic cataracts. Constant effort must be made to limit occurrences of occupation-related traumatic cataracts.

The Affects of Smoking on Cataract Formation in Turkish Patients

Aims: To investigate whether smoking influences cataract formation age and cataract type in patients who underwent senile cataract surgery.&#x0D; Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Department Of Ophthalmology, Ahi Evran Faculty Of Medicine between November 2014 and March 2018.&#x0D; Methodology: Five hundred eighty-one patients were included, who were operated on for senile cataracts. Age, gender, cataract type, and smoking status of patients were recorded. Congenital, traumatic, drug-induced, and uveitic cataracts were excluded from the study. The smoking status of patients was divided into three groups: currently smoking, never smoking, quitted smoking. The smoking load of patients was calculated as packages/year.&#x0D; Results: Of total of 581 patients, 47.8% (278) were female and 52.2% (303) were male and the mean ages were 66.68 ± 10.68 years and 66.17 ± 9.37 years, respectively. There was an association between gender and smoking status (p&lt;0.05). Smoking rate (both currently smoking and quit smoking) was higher among males. The mean age of cataract patients who were smokers was statistically lower than the mean ages of non-smokers and quitters (p &lt;0.001). There was a statistical association between cataract type of patients and smoking status (p=0.0152). This resulted from a lower incidence of cortical cataracts and higher incidence of posterior subcapsular and nuclear cataracts in smokers. Among these three groups, cortical cataract was the most frequent in the non-smoker group. It was found that smoking increases the posterior subcapsular cataract, but it has less effect on cortical cataract formation.&#x0D; Conclusion: Smoking causes cataract formation in younger ages and higher posterior subcapsular cataract rate. We suggest that this finding may prevent beginning of smoking and increase the motivation of individuals to quit smoking.