Incidence Of Anemia In Pregnancy Research Articles

EDUKASI GIZI DAN MINUMAN KACANG HIJAU SEBAGAI PREVENTIF ANEMIA DALAM KEHAMILAN

In developing countries, the most common pregnancy complication in pregnant women is anemia. The prevalence of anemia in pregnancy in Indonesia is still quite high, including in the East Java region. The problem of pregnant women at the Polindes Kaliwining in the Puskesmas Rambipuji Jember is that anemia status is not detected in each trimester of pregnancy. Mung beans contain iron which helps the formation of erythrocytes to increase hemoglobin levels. This community service aims to provide nutritional education and the use of mung beans in preventing anemia in pregnancy. The implementation of this service uses an outreach method using a video media approach. Apart from that, blood hemoglobin levels are also checked in pregnant women as an early detection of anemia. Iron supplementation is given in the form of blood supplement tablets to pregnant women. Furthermore, giving mung beans drinks as a complement to iron supplementation to prevent anemia in pregnancy. The educational approach via video has proven effective in increasing pregnant women's knowledge by 25% regarding anemia and the benefits of mung beans. Based on the results of examinations during this service activity, blood hemoglobin levels showed that 2 respondents experienced anemia in the third trimester of pregnancy. Regular Hb checks are very important during pregnancy. The combination of consuming blood supplement tablets and mung beans can reduce the incidence of anemia in pregnancy.

EXAMINING RISK FACTORS OF ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY USING HYBRID LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODEL AND ROUGH SET THEORY

Anemia in pregnancy is a potential danger to the mother and child. Therefore, the risk of anemia in pregnant women requires serious attention from all relevant parties. Considering the numerous negative effects caused by anemia in pregnant women, efforts must be made to prevent and treat anemia in pregnant women by understanding the factors that influence it. This study assesses the risk factors for anemia in pregnant women at Tegal Rejo Community Health Center, Yogyakarta Province. In this paper, a new integrated classification approach with binary logistic regression (LR) analysis and Rough Set Theory (RST) is proposed, in order to examine factors on the incidence of anemia in pregnancy. The proposed model is called the Logistic Regression and Reduction Rough Set (LR3S). In LR3S model, the RST technique is used to detect inconsistent sample and removing inconsistent sample that have probability less than 0.5 before doing LR modelling. To evaluate the development of the resulting model, a comparison was made of the performance of Original Logistic Regression (OLR), LR model after removed outlier namely as Remove Outlier Original Logistic Regression (RO2LR) and LR3S. Using a number of model performance metrics, it is found that LR3S has the best performance for the three models used. Using LR3S model, it is found that CED status, educational level, parity and gestational are significant variable impact on the incidence of anemia.

Factors Affecting The Incidence of Anemia in Pregnancy During The COVID-19 Pandemic

Anemia during pregnancy carries the risk of premature birth, low birth weight, and fetus malformations and can impose additional costs on society and families. The prevalence of anemia would be the best indicator to monitor pregnant women’s health and prevent pregnancy complications. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted pregnant women. The prevalence of anemia in pregnancy increased from 38.33% in 2019 to 49.21% in 2020. In the COVID-19 pandemic situation with social activity restrictions, decreasing family income, and limited access to health services, suffering from COVID-19 are risk factors for increasing the incidence of anemia in pregnancy. This study aimed to determine factors affecting the incidence of anemia in pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic in Karangrejo District, Magetan Regency. This study was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional study design. The sample was selected by purposive sampling with a sample size of 52 study subjects. Data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis with SPSS. Factors that increased the incidence of anemia in pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic were pregnancy interval (OR=17.67; CI 95%= 1.01 to 116.00; p=0.049), gestational age (OR=11.39; CI 95% 1.12-116.00; p= 0,040), animal protein intake (OR= 0.25; CI 95% 0.03 – 2.38; p= 0,044), iron supplementation (OR= 108.47; CI 95% 2.36 – 4978.68; p= 0,016), consumption of tea (OR=36,89; CI95% 1.57 to 868.41; p=0.025). Mothers’ education, family income, parity, frequency of ANC visits, and COVID-19 morbidity do not significantly affect the incidence of anemia in pregnancy. There were effects of pregnancy interval, gestational age, animal protein intake, iron supplementation, and consumption of tea on the incidence of anemia in pregnancy during the COVID-19 in Karangrejo District, Magetan Regency. Keywords: anemia;pregnancy;COVID-19

Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Ibu Hamil di PMB Ita Marlina

The incidence of anemia in pregnant women can occur due to many factors, one of which is the age of the pregnant woman and the number of parities. Another factor is nutritional status. Nutritional status greatly influences the incidence of anemia in pregnancy, because the nutritional needs of pregnant women increase for the growth and development of the fetus. One of the nutritional status is determined by the upper arm circumference (LiLA).Anemia is a condition if the hemoglobin level is below 11g/dl or the hematocrit is less than 33%. The cut-off value for anemia in non-pregnant women is <12.0 g/dl and a hematocrit of 36%. Anemia occurs because the increase in blood cells decreases compared to the increase in blood plasma, resulting in blood dilution.This research is analytic in nature with a retrospective approach which was carried out at PMB Ita Marlina, in October 2022. The total population is 220 respondents with a sample of 77 respondents. Data analysis using chi-square.The results showed that there was a relationship between LiLA (p-value 0.000), age (p-value 0.000), and parity (p-value 0.023) with the incidence of anemia in PMB Ita Marlina.The conclusion obtained in this study is that there is a relationship between LiLA, age, and parity with the incidence of anemia in PMB Ita Marlina.

UTILIZATION of MONITORING CARD IRON SUPLEMENT IN THE EAST KELAYAN PRIMARY HEALTH CENTER

Anemia in pregnancy in Indonesia is 48.9% and 84.6% occurs in the age group of 15-24 years. Anemia in the first trimester (<12 weeks) will increase the risk of Small Gestational Age (SGA), namely the occurrence of abortion or premature birth. Another impact of anemia in pregnancy is on the mother (susceptible to infection, bleeding and even maternal death) whereas in babies with LBW, the baby's Hb level is low, inhibiting the baby's brain development. Supplement Iron pregnancy) as an important and effective effort in preventing and treament anemia due to iron deficiency by consuming at least 90 tablets during pregnancy. This community service activity in the working area of the Kelayan Timur Primary Health Center (PHC) in Banjarmasin involving elements from the leadership of the Health Service, PHC, 2 midwives, 2 nutritions and 21 health cadres. The implementation began in the PHC hall with opening activities, socialization, SGD facilitator training by 3 lecturers and 3 Polkessin Midwifery students. Furthermore, health cadres screened pregnant women with the approval of the midwife. SGD is carried out at Integrated PHC and PHC with the active participation of pregnant women and their companions as well as facilitators (team, midwives and health cadres) to understand iron supplementation and how to fill out iron consumption monitoring cards. Checking the initial Hb level and monitoring the filling of the monitoring card and compliance with iron supplement consumption every 30 days by students and health cadres. After 90 days, the final Hb level was evaluated. There was an increase in compliance with iron supplement consumption by 20% (1st month 68.9%; 3rd month 88.9%) and a 10% decrease in the incidence of anemia in pregnancy.

Association of maternal anemia with perinatal outcomes

Introduction: Anemia is one of the most prevalent nutritional deficiency problems afflicting pregnant women. Anemia that complicates pregnancy threatens the life of both the mother and the fetus. Nowadays, maternal anemia is considered as a public health problem in the world, especially in developing countries. Pregnancy increases considerably the iron needs in a mother. Iron deficiency is the most common cause for anemia during pregnancy.Aims and objectives: To assess the association of maternal anemia with perinatal outcomes. To assess the association of anemia with postpartum haemorrhage, puerperal sepsis, venous thrombosis, subinvolution of uterus, lactational failure, delayed wound healing, maternal morbidity and mortality. To determine the relationship between maternal anemia during pregnancy and intrauterine death, IUGR, infant low birth weight, APGAR scores, preterm birth, stillbirth, neonatal morbidity and mortality.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 100 women who attended antenatal OPD, out of which 50 women diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia and 50 women who are non anemic and delivered at kamineni institute of medical sciences, narketpally from january 2022 to june 2022. Women whose age > 19 years and < 36 years, women with multiple gestation, gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, oligohydramnios, gestational diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, previously known case of hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinopathies such as thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, chronic renal disease, chronic liver disease, aplastic anemia and women who did not give consent to participate in the study are excluded from the study. Results: In this study of 50 anemic patients, 10 of them had mild anemia (20%), 17 of them had moderate anemia (34%), 19 of them had severe anemia (38%), 4 of them had very severe anemia (8%). Distribution according to maternal outcomes out of 50 patients, was 17 patients (34%) had IUGR, 16 patients (32%) had preterm delivery, 13 patients (26%) had delayed wound healing, 9 patients (18%) had lactational failure, 2 patients (4%) had intrauterine death. There are no cases of postpartum haemorrhage, puerperal sepsis and no maternal death. In this study of 50 patients, distribution according to neonatal outcomes was 20 patients (40%) had low birth weight, 19 patients (38%) had low APGAR scores, 7 patients (14%) had neonatal sepsis and no cases of neonatal anemia and neonatal death.Conclusion: Anemia is significantly associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes and as the severity of anemia is increased, its adverse effects are even worse. Routine iron and folic acid, micronutrient supplementation regularly and whenever indicated parenteral iron infusions or blood transfusions must be done during pregnancy which prevents such adverse outcomes and has beneficial effects on the pregnancy outcome. Therefore, it is necessary for identification of anemia antenatally, prompt treatment for correction of anemia and measures to reduce the incidence of anemia in pregnancy to prevent adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.

The correlation between family role and anemia prevention in pregnancy

Introduction: It is important to reduce the high incidence of anemia in pregnancy globally. Pregnant women need the support of their families to face any difficulties in order to prevent anemia. Design and Methods: This study aims to determine the correlation between family role and anemia prevention in pregnancy. This cross-sectional study was conducted in August 2021 among 60 pregnant women who went for check-ups at two primary healthcare centers in Surabaya, Indonesia, and received iron supplements. Additionally, it was discovered that family role andanemia prevention in pregnancy were evaluated using questionnaires. Result: The Spearman test was used as a test for significance and the results showed that there was a correlation between family role and anemia prevention in pregnancy (r = 0.318; P = 0.013). Also, it was found that informational, emotional, and affirmational support, as well as having a role model were significantly correlated with anemia prevention at (r = 0.311; p = 0.015), (r = 0.265; p = 0.041), (r = 0.400; p = 0.002), and (r = 0.353; p = 0.006), respectively. Conclusions: There was a relationship between family role and anemia prevention in pregnancy, as well as adequate nutrition, adherence to iron supplements, and prevention of worms. Therefore, there is the need for health promotion to the families of pregnant women in order to increase the understanding of anemia prevention in pregnancy.

Relationship Between Husband's Support And The Incidence Of Anemia In Pregnancy In The Working Area Of The Rumbai Health Center

Anemia in pregnancy is currently still a major problem experienced by almost half of pregnant women in all countries in the world, including Indonesia. Anemia in pregnancy is a national problem because it reflects the value of socio-economic welfare of the community, and has a huge influence on the quality of human resources. The Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is an indicator of the success of health services. In 2014 the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in the world was 289,000 soul. Several countries have quite high MMR, such as Africa with 179,000 people, South Asia with 69,000 people (WHO, 2014). The aim of the study was to determine the effect of husband's support on the incidence of anemia in pregnant women at the Rumbai Health Center in Pekanbaru City in 2017. The research method was analytic observational with a cross sectional approach. The research sample was 67 third trimester pregnant women in April - November 2017 using accidental sampling technique. The instrument used was a questionnaire. Data analysis used the chi square test. The results showed that 79.1% of the respondents were not at risk (20-35 years), 56.7% parity of respondents namely multiparas of 80.6% of respondents showed 56.7% of husbands providing support to pregnant women. And the results of the analysis showed that there was a relationship between husband's support and the incidence of anemia in pregnancy with a value (p = 0.032). From the research results it is hoped that the Puskesmas, especially health workers, can improve health education programs, especially regarding the importance of husband's support to prevent anemia in pregnant women.

The Description Of Hemoglobin Levels In Pregnant Woman In Work Area Of Puskesmas Tampaksiring I

Background Anemia in pregnancy is a major health problem in developing countries with a high level of morbidity in pregnant women. The incidence of anemia in pregnancy is a condition of pregnant women with hemoglobin (Hb) levels 11 g/dL in the first and third trimesters, meanwhile in the second trimester Hb levels 10.5 g/dL. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of hemoglobin levels in pregnant women in the work area of Puskesmas Tampaksiring I. The research method used a descriptive type of research conducted in January-May 2022 with a total of 38 respondents obtained by random sampling technique. Hemoglobin levels were measured by the Point Of Care Testing (POCT) method. The results showed that 38 respondents (42.1%) had low hemoglobin levels, (55.3%) had normal hemoglobin levels, and (2.6%) had high hemoglobin levels. Low hemoglobin levels were mostly found in pregnant women who were in the range of 18-25 years, with less knowledge and were in a risky gestational age (Trimester I and III) and did not comply in taking blood-boosting tablets (TTD). The conclusion of this study is that most pregnant women have normal hemoglobin levels with a percentage of 55.3%.

Knowledge and parity prevention of anemia in pregnancy

Introduction: The largest public health issue in the globe, particularly for women who are close to childbearing age, is anemia. Anemia during pregnancy is said to be “dangerous to mother and child”. In 2015, Indonesia's maternal mortality rate (MMR) was 305 per 100,000 KH. Pregnancy who experienced anemia in the world are still very high. The prevalence of anemia in pregnancy is 41.8%. In Indonesia, the increasing in the incidence of anemia in pregnancy from 37.1% in 2013 to 48.9% in 2018. One of the causes of anemia in pregnant women is the knowledge and parity. This study aimed to analyze the knowledge and parity of the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Methods: The research design is cross-sectional with the independent variables which are knowledge and parity. The dependent variable is the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. The population used by all pregnant women is 48. The sampling technique uses total sampling and collecting data using questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate. Results: The results of research informed that most pregnant women had anemia, around 56.2%. The results of the statistical analyses revealed a p value of 0.007, indicating a relation between parity and the prevalence of anemia. Besides that, there was a relation between knowledge and the prevalence of anemia. Conclusion: There is an influence between knowledge and parity on the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Countermeasures that can be done by providing information communication and education on pre-wedding preparation.

Pregnant women's perceptions of anemia and iron supplement consumption

Anemia is a condition that is commonly indicated by low hemoglobin levels in the blood. This situation is proven by the lack of quality and quantity of red blood cells that consequently decrease the amount of oxygen transported into the tissue. The high incidence of anemia in pregnancy can cause high maternal mortality after childbirth resulting from pregnancy complications such as bleeding. A lot of research on the factors that influence anemia and the prevention of anemia during pregnancy has been conducted previously. However, there is still few of research exploring women's perception of anemia and the consumption of iron supplements. This Scoping Review aims to determine the extent of women's perception of anemia and iron supplement consumption. The method used is Scoping Review using Wiley Online Library, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases. The research results that match the criteria are then analyzed with the aim of generating these articles. Appropriational study applied here uses Joana Briggs Institute (JBI), and the synthesis method uses PEOS modification. Six of the 141 articles relevant to titles and abstracts met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Relationship Between Diet and Physical Activity with the Event of Anemia in Pregnant Women

The prevalence of anemia in pregnant women is 41.8 % . The causes of anemia in pregnancy include gravida, age, parity, education level, economic status and compliance with Fe tablet consumption, diet and physical activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between diet and physical activity with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women at Batunadua Health Center, Padangsidimpuan City in 2021 . The type of research is quantitative research with a cross sectional approach study . The population in this study were all pregnant women at Batunadua Health Center Padangsidimpuan City as many as 229 people. The sample in this study were 70 pregnant women at Batunadua Public Health Center, Padangsidimpuan City using random sampling method . The analysis used is Chi Square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test . The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between diet ( p=0.000) , and physical activity ( p=0.000) with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. The conclusion is that diet and physical activity have a relationship with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Suggestions for pregnant women to increase antenatal care visits and find out about the incidence of anemia in pregnancy.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN ANEMIA DALAM KEHAMILAN: LITERATURE REVIEW

Anemia in pregnancy is one of the national problems because it reflects the value of the socio-economic welfare of the community and has a very large influence on the quality of human resources. This study aims to identify the factors associated with the incidence of anemia in pregnancy. The research method is literature review, journal search through Google Scholar and PubMed databases using keywords. There are ten selected journals that discuss the factors associated with the incidence of anemia in pregnancy. The results of a journal review stated that the factors associated with the incidence of anemia in pregnancy in developing countries consisted of 8 factors including maternal parity 5, low level of knowledge about anemia, pregnancy interval 2 years, residence in rural areas, third trimester gestational age, visits Irregular ANC, low nutritional status (LiLA 23.5 cm) and low economic status. While in Indonesia itself, the factors are the same as in other developing countries, only differing in the factors of how to consume Fe tablets which are not appropriate and the level of education is low and there are no sociodemographic factors and economic status. The level of knowledge is the most related factor with the incidence of anemia in pregnancy. So the factors related to the incidence of anemia in pregnancy are parity, knowledge, gestational distance, ANC visits, nutritional status, sociodemography, gestational age, economic status, adherence to Fe tablet consumption and education level.

The Effect of Pumpkin Seeds Biscuits and Moringa Extract Supplementation on Hemoglobin, Ferritin, C-reactive protein, and Birth Outcome for Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND: According to the WHO data, 40% of maternal mortality in developing countries is related to anemia in pregnancy. Most anemia in pregnancy is caused by iron deficiency and acute bleeding, sometimes even the two interact. The incidence of anemia in pregnancy in Indonesia is quite high, which is around 67% of all pregnant women, with variations depending on each region. About 10–15% of pregnant women are classified as severe anemia which of course will affect the growth and development of the fetus in the womb. Most of the anemia in pregnant women occurs due to malnutrition. AIM: The objective of the study was to review journals related to the effect of pumpkin seed biscuits and Moringa capsules on hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in pregnant women and also the prevention of stunting. METHODS: Study of literature by collecting relevant literature using online journal data based on PUBMED, Google Search, ELSEVIER, MDPI, DOAJ (Direct Directory of Open Access Journals), or from the bibliography of the articles being searched. RESULTS: Supplementary food was given to pregnant women by giving pumpkin seeds and Moringa leaf extract impact on improving nutritional status, Hb, ferritin, and CRP levels in pregnant women, as well as preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes such as low birth weight. CONCLUSION: The provision of pumpkin seed biscuits and Moringa leaf extract to pregnant women can affect Hb, ferritin, and CRP levels and can affect maternal nutritional status and affect pregnancy outcomes.

English

Anemia during pregnancy is a major world health concern especially in developing countries affecting the life of the women and the future of the child thereby influencing the present as well the future of the nation and the world at large. Nutritional deficiency still emerges out the main cause of iron deficiency anemia affecting the life of the pregnant women. The iron deficiency anemia has a major say in adverse pregnancy outcomes like pre term delivery, IUGR, morbidity even leading to mortality, however it is noted that severe anemia has a significant effect than moderate and mild anemia. A well balanced diet can avert this condition, nonetheless iron supplementations as per the government guidelines and various treatment available also help to tackle the situation. Education of the women and more awareness programmes on health, pregnancy and nutrition by the stakeholders can further reduce the incidence of anemia in pregnancy.

ADHERENCE TO IRON SUPPLEMENTATION INFLUENCES ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Women with pregnancy have a higher risk of developing anemia with iron deficiency.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;This condition is due to the maternal body requirements for a significant iron, but the intake and storage of iron in the body are inadequate.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;The aim of this study was to describe the compliance of pregnant women in consuming iron supplements and correlation with anemia in pregnancy.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;This purpose of the study to describe the compliance of pregnant women in consuming iron supplements and their relationship with the incidence of anemia in pregnancy. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;This study is a descriptive correlation study with a case-control design.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;The sampling technique used was non-probability sampling with the consecutive sampling method, so that 68 respondents of pregnancy in their third trimester who routinely performed antenatal care (ANC) since the beginning of pregnancy at Puskesmas Jetis, Yogyakarta City in February 2019.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; Chi-square statistical analysis (X&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; test) with Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (&lt;span style="font-family: Arial;"&gt;ρ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Calibri;"&gt;) to determine the strength and direction of the correlation between anemia and respondent compliance based on the pill count method. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;The results showed that respondents who did not adhere with iron supplements had a significant relationship with the incidence of anemia (X&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; = 11.56; p-value= 0.001 (p&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;0.050)), odds ratio (OR) = 10.79; 95% CI 2.25-51.66 and has a positive correlation direction with moderate strength (ρ-value= 0.412, p&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;-value&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; = 0.001), so it can be concluded that pregnant women who are not adherent will have 10 times the risk of experiencing anemia (Hb 11.5 g/dL) during pregnancy.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Factors Related with Anemia in Pregnant Women in Johan Pahlawan Sub-District, West Aceh District

Anemia in Pregnant Women is a health problem during pregnancy. Where the state of decreased hemoglobin levels and the number of red blood cells below normal values. Increased need for iron nearly tripled for the needs of mothers and fetuses during pregnancy, anemia in pregnant women has an impact on morbidity and maternal death, the risk of low birth weight, premature birth. Anemia can also be avoided by consuming foods that often contain animal protein and vegetable protein. Iron (Fe) intake, knowledge, and family support have an important role in the incidence of anemia in pregnancy. This type of research is a cross sectional survey. The study was conducted in Johan Pahlawan Sub-district, West Aceh District. The population is all pregnant women trimester II and III of 54 pregnant women. Taking in total sampling, data analysis used Univariate analysis and Bivariate (Chi-Square test). The results of the study obtained a relationship between the knowledge factor with the P-value = 0.001 and the Family Support factor with a P-value = 0.004 with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Expected mothers are expected to know the importance of consuming iron (Fe) intake, extensive knowledge about the dangers of anemia during pregnancy and the importance of family support for pregnant women to avoid anemia.

OPTIMIZATION OF DRUG SUPPLY OFFICER HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ANDROID BASED ANEMIA

Objective: According to WHO, 40% of the maternal mortality rate in developing countries about the incidence of anemia in pregnancy. The incidence of anemia in pregnancy is caused by iron deficiency and acute hemorrhage. The frequency of pregnant women in Indonesia who are anemic are still very high at 63.5% compared to only 6% in the United States [1]. The aim of this research to determine differences in hemoglobin levels before and after supervised by officers to take medication to increase hemoglobin levels in pregnant women with anemia.&#x0D; Methods: The research was quasi-experiment using the control group conducted on July 11, s/d August 15th, 2019. The sample in this study was 30 respondents as the experimental group and 30 respondents as a control group, starting with the measurement of hemoglobin of respondents then monitoring the group given the intervention officer taking medication through an android-based application and subsequently re-measured hemoglobin level. Data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate through t-test with α = 0.05.&#x0D; Results: The result of the univariate analysis showed the average value of maternal age, parity and gestational age is homogeneous with p-value&gt;0.05, which means there is no difference in the characteristics of groups of officers taking medication and without officers taking medication, and the bivariate analysis in getting p-value&lt;0.001 so as to conclude that there are differences in hemoglobin level difference in the group taking medication and the clerk without officers taking medication.&#x0D; Conclusion: The conclusion of this research was hemoglobin levels increased in pregnant women with anemia after supervised by officers to take medication and increasing regularity in consuming Fe tablets in pregnant women.

AGE AND PREGNANCY DISTANCE AS A RISK FACTOR FOR ANEMIA CAUSES IN PREGNANT MOTHERS IN THE AREA OF PUBLIC HEALTH CENTRE OF BANJARNEGARA REGENCY

Anemia is a condition where the body has a few numbers of red blood cells (erythrocytes). This condition is commonly found in pregnant women. WHO determines the incidence of anemia in pregnancy ranging from 20% to 89% by determining Hb less than 11 gr%. The purpose of this study was to determine the age and of pregnancy in pregnant women with anemia in the public health centre in Banjarnegara. The method used in this study was descriptive analysis. Sampling-based on total sampling, amounting to 29 people. The results showed that most of the age group numbered 25 respondents (86%), and the majority of respondents pregnancy distance totalled 27 respondents (93%). In conclusion, most respondents in the age and of pregnancy were low-risk categories. However, it was better for a woman who plans to become pregnant to pay attention to proportional age to get pregnant, and a healthy pregnancy distance, one of the things that can be done is to use contraception that is appropriate to the conditions the woman and her purpose whether to deploy, thin out or stop the pregnancy. Keywords : Age, pregnancy distance, anemia, pregnant women

Maternal and Perinatal Morbidity and Mortality Associated With Anemia in Pregnancy.

To estimate the incidence of anemia in pregnancy and compare the maternal and perinatal outcomes of women with and without anemia. We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study on all pregnant women in British Columbia who had a live birth or stillbirth at or after 20 weeks of gestation between 2004 and 2016. Women were diagnosed with anemia based on two criteria: third-trimester hemoglobin value or a delivery admission diagnosis of anemia (made before delivery). Anemia was categorized into no anemia (hemoglobin 11 g/dL or greater), mild (9-10.9 g/dL), moderate (7-8.9 g/dL), severe (less than 7 g/dL), or anemia of unspecified severity (with diagnosis made before delivery). Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% CIs expressing the association between anemia and maternal and perinatal outcomes. Of 515,270 women in the study population, 65,906 (12.8%) had anemia: 11.8%, 0.43%, and 0.02% had mild, moderate, and severe anemia, respectively, and 0.58% had anemia of unspecified severity. Anemic women had longer hospitalization duration and more antenatal admissions, and rates of preeclampsia, placenta previa and cesarean delivery were higher among women with anemia. The intrapartum-postpartum blood transfusion rate was 5.1 per 1,000 among women without anemia, and higher among women with anemia (aOR 2.45, 95% CI 1.74-3.45 for mild anemia; 21.3, 95% CI 12.2-37.3 for moderate anemia; not analyzable for severe anemia; and 48.3, 95% CI 6.60-353.9 for anemia of unspecified severity). Anemia was associated with preterm birth (mild anemia, aOR 1.09, 95% CI 1.05-1.12; moderate anemia, aOR 2.26, 95% CI 2.02-2.54; anemia of unspecified severity, aOR 2.27, 95% CI 2.06-2.50), small-for-gestational-age live birth, low 5-minute Apgar score, neonatal death, and perinatal death. Maternal anemia in pregnancy represents a common and potentially reversible risk factor associated with antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum maternal morbidity and perinatal morbidity and mortality.