Factors Of Intention Research Articles

Incentive affects physicians’ willingness to continue participating in urban–rural medical consortia: a comparative study of county and provincial hospitals in Central China

ObjectivesThe World Health Organization asserts that incentives significantly impact physicians’ participation in healthcare initiatives. China introduced incentive programs to boost involvement in urban–rural medical consortia. However, research is limited on: (a) the effectiveness of these incentives on physicians’ willingness to continue participating, (b) disparities in incentive levels between county and provincial hospitals, and (c) the varying impact of incentives on physicians’ continued participation in county versus provincial hospitals. This study aims to address these issues and suggest appropriate strategies.MethodsAn online survey in Henan Province, Central China, was conducted among 1,837 physicians, comprising 1,088 respondents from county hospitals and 749 respondents from provincial hospitals. Participants reported their demographic characteristics, altruism, collaborative projects, incentive levels and willingness to continue participating. Chi-square and multinomial logistic regressions were used to determine the incentive factors of participants’ willingness.Results(a) For all participants, the level of economic returns, position and professional title promotion, skills improvement were positively associated with willingness to continue participating in urban–rural medical consortia. (b) County-level hospitals had lower level of various incentives for urban–rural medical consortium projects than provincial hospitals. (c) County-level physicians who had a high level of position and title promotion, professional skills improvement and provincial physicians who had a high level of economic returns and rewards had a high level of willingness to continue participating in urban–rural medical consortia.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that the current financial incentives in provincial hospitals and non-financial incentives in county hospitals are efficacious in enhancing physicians’ willingness to continue participating. This information can assist policymakers in hospitals at different levels in developing or improving incentive mechanisms.

The effect of incentive factors on turnover intention of PHC workforce in rural China—from the perspective of two-factor theory

ObjectiveThe working situation and turnover intention of rural primary healthcare(PHC) workforce have always been of concern. This study aims to explore the effect of different incentive factors on turnover intention of PHC Workforce, with the goal of optimizing health human resources in China.MethodsStructured questionnaires were used for data collection, including incentive factors questionnaire based on two-factor theory, turnover intention, perceived social support and job burnout. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influence of different incentive factors on turnover intention. Structural equation model was used to explore the effect of motivation factors on turnover intention through different paths of job burnout and social support.ResultsThe total number of participants was 1112. PHC Workforce scored higher on hygienic factors than on motivation factors, both of which showed moderate satisfaction levels and the turnover intention level was below average. In regression analysis, the factors related to turnover intention included individual status (B =-0.854), salary (B =-0.610), individual progress (B =-0.628), education level (B = 0.971), monthly income (B =-0.161) and marital status (B = 1.664). The indirect effects of different types of incentive factors through social support were 0.097 (P < 0.001), 0.045 (P < 0.001), and 0.136 (P < 0.001).ConclusionDifferent incentive factors may decrease turnover intention of PHC Workforces, which is reflected in three key factors: individual status, salary, and individual progress. The mediating effect of social support is significant, suggesting that managers should prioritize staff mental health and family relationships. Also, implementing diverse incentive strategies and addressing individual needs.

User Real Comments Incentive Mechanism Based on Blockchain in E-Commerce Transactions-A Tripartite Evolutionary Game Analysis.

In response to the widespread issue of fake comments on e-commerce platforms, this study aims to analyze and propose a blockchain-based solution to incentivize authentic user feedback and reduce the prevalence of fraudulent reviews. Specifically, this paper constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model between sellers, buyers, and e-commerce platforms to study the real comment mechanism of blockchain. The strategy evolution under different incentive factors is simulated using replication dynamic equation analysis and Matlab software simulation. The study found that introducing smart contracts and "tokens" for incentives not only increased incentives for real comments but also reduced the negative experiences caused by "speculative" sellers, thereby influencing buyers to opt for authentic reviews. By structuring interactions through blockchain, the mechanism helped lower informational entropy thus reducing disorder and unpredictability in buyer and seller behavior and contributing to system stability. Further, by increasing penalties for dishonest behavior under the "credit on the chain" system, the platform lowered entropy in the system by promoting trust and reducing fraudulent activities. The real comment mechanism based on blockchain proposed in this paper can effectively enhance the order and transparency within the comment ecosystem. These findings contribute to theory and practice by providing strategic insights for e-commerce platforms to encourage genuine feedback, reduce informational entropy, and mitigate fake comments, ultimately fostering a more reliable online marketplace.

Construction Project Performance Based on Occupational Safety, Occupational Health and Work Motivation

Many construction organizations still employ workers without regard to the application of accident risk, although a focus on safety is predicted to improve worker performance. This study aims to examine the effect of occupational safety and health and incentive factors on worker performance in housing construction projects. This study used a quantitative approach and was tested using the SEM-PLS method with a sample of 72 respondents. The results showed that well-implemented occupational safety and health significantly improved worker performance, by reducing the risk of injury and improving worker welfare. In addition, high work motivation plays a role in increasing project productivity and efficiency. Emphasis on safety, health, and work motivation was shown to have a positive impact on achieving better project performance. The implications of this research provide important insights for construction managers and policy makers in optimizing project success through the implementation of effective safety protocols, wellness programs, and appropriate motivation strategies. Thus, this study highlights the importance of integrating occupational safety and motivation as key factors in achieving superior project performance.

Instrumental and legal nature of early release on parole from serving a sentence

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the content of early release on parole as a comprehensive criminal law remedy. It is stated that the functional purpose of conditional early release on parole from serving a sentence is to achieve the goals necessary for society. From the point of view of the instrumental theory of law, it is determined that early release on parole from serving a sentence constitutes a specific system of criminal law means by which the goals of criminal law regulation are achieved. According to the information and psychological orientation, such legal means are divided into stimulating and restrictive. It is found that legal facts, subjective rights, legitimate interests, benefits and incentives are the forms of manifestation of legal means-incentives. It is substantiated that legal incentives, directly orienting an individual to achieve beneficial consequences for him/her, are the most powerful incentive factor, and their application in the case of early release on parole from serving a sentence may be associated with both ordinary lawful behavior which does not exceed the general requirements and excessive performance of duties by a convicted person and is expressed in the form of elimination of restrictions determined by the criminal sentence applicable to a convicted person. The article emphasizes that legal remedies-restrictions are associated with unfavorable conditions for realization of interests of subjects, are focused on negative legal motivation and reduction of negative activity of subjects of law, and their forms of manifestation are legal facts, prohibitions, suspensions, legal obligations, penalties, etc. A legal restriction on early release on parole from serving a sentence is a prohibition in the form of a passive legal obligation of a convicted person not to commit any new criminal offense during the unexpired part of the previously imposed sentence. It is generalized that legal means-incentives and legal means-restrictions should be considered in an inseparable interrelation, since they are paired legal categories, i.e., internally dialectically interrelated and mutually supporting each other in the process of criminal law regulation. Thus, the author concludes that the instrumental and legal nature of early release on parole from serving a sentence as a complex criminal law tool is dialectically complex, since it combines directly opposite and at the same time internally unified criminal law means of influencing social relations.

Improved LPAstar algorithm for power station cabinet wiring

Abstract Aiming at the complex constraints of cable layout in power plant cabinets and the low efficiency of manual design, an improved Lifelong Planning Astar algorithm (LPAstar) is proposed. By constructing a corner-length feature fusion model, the cable length and number of corners are constrained to reduce wiring costs and cable damage. The spatial minimum bounding box algorithm is employed to avoid cable suspension. Continuous incentive factors are introduced to improve algorithm efficiency. In post-processing, smoothing strategy and wire harness dispersion strategy are used to avoid excessive cable bending and ensure the standardization of wiring. The simulation experiment results show that compared with the traditional Astar algorithm, the routing length and number of corners are reduced by 27% and 65%, respectively. The generation efficiency is 84% and 87% higher than the Astar algorithm and the original LPAstar algorithm, respectively.

The Motivation Mechanism of Working Medical Students in Public Health Emergencies

Based on the background of the release of New Ten policies in the post-epidemic era and the concentrated outbreak of COVID- 19, based on the two-factor theory of Frederic Herzberg, this study explored the willingness of school regulation students of the Academy of Medical Sciences to stay in the hospital and continue to work in response to public health emergencies from two aspects of health factors and incentive factors and the influencing factors behind it. The results showed that under public health emergencies, the level of motivating factors such as sense of responsibility and mission was high, but the level of health factors such as job salary, workload and job security still needed to be improved, and the key to motivating the school to stay in the hospital was the incentive of health factors.

The trust incentive mechanism by trust propagation to optimize consensus in social network group decision making

Trust relationship in social network group decision making (SN-GDM) is one of the key factors to promote group consensus. This trust relationship reflects the importance of experts, and the consensus feedback opinion induced by the trust relationship is easier to be accepted by the group. But this trust relationship is often assumed to be static, and therefore the dynamic effect of incentive behavior among experts on trust relationship is not considered. To do that, the purpose of this paper is to develop a trust incentive mechanism to effectively promote group consensus. First, the new discount based Uninorm trust propagation operator with 2-tuple linguistic is presented, which transforms an incomplete trust relationship into a complete trust relationship. And then, the trust incentive mechanism with opinions similarity between experts is constructed, which reflects not only the incentive process among experts, but also the dynamic change of the social trust relationship. Further, the trust incentive mechanism driven consensus optimization model is established to generate experts’ recommendation advices, which not only effectively reduce the total adjustment cost of experts to promote consensus, but also makes the experts continue to motivate the discussion after revising their opinions, leading to dynamic changes in the social trust relationship in the next consensus round. Finally, an example of agricultural UAV brand selection in “Metaverse” intelligent shopping is provided to illustrate the proposed method, and the results show that with the increase of incentive factor, the total adjustment cost decreases, and the best UAV brand also changes alternately and tends to be stable. In addition, comparing with the method without trust incentive, the interaction cost of the proposed method is 13.46% lower, and then our proposed method has certain flexibility and advantages.

Money and Job Security: A Qualitative Study on Motivational Factors for Job Satisfaction in Generation Z of Bangladesh

This qualitative case study looked at the views of Generation Z people in Bangladesh who were dissatisfied with their occupations, giving insight on the challenges associated with depression. The study sought to evaluate the influence of motivation on work satisfaction features and also Gen Z’s behavior and psychological health, with a particular emphasis on two critical components of job satisfaction: financial incentives and job security. The study used a purposive maximum variation sampling strategy to pick five volunteers aged 22 to 26 years from Khulna, Dhaka, and Chittagong in Bangladesh. Several data gathering approaches were used, including observation, in-depth case studies, and document analysis. The findings highlighted the considerable relationship between two key employment incentive factors—financial rewards and job security—and Generation Z’s character development, and also their behavioral and mental well-being. The findings of this study will help researchers gain a better grasp of Generation Z’s real-life job satisfaction experiences, especially those who are studying job satisfaction and behavioral analysis in this cohort.

Relationship of Motivational Factors towards Real Estate Sales Agent's Sales Performance

Abstract The study explores the Relationship of motivational factors influencing sales performance among real estate agents. The research key indicators such as monetary, non-monetary, productivity and efficiency resulted to very high descriptive equivalent which describes as indicators are always implemented by the sales agents. Demographic profile in terms of gender, monthly income, and years in the industry did not significantly affect sales performance. Also, A correlation analysis of motivating factors and sales performance among sales agents shows substantial positive connections across all categories. Descriptive-Correlational, inferential, frequency count, mean and analysis of variance are used in this study. There were 80 real estate agents who were participated as respondents of the study. The study shows that monetary and non-monetary incentive factors have an important role in improving real estate agents' sales performance in Davao City. Additionally, Real estate experience and educational achievement have a major impact on motivation and sales performance. To improve sales results, organizations should design complete motivational tactics that target both financial and non-financial incentives.

The Influence of Equity Incentive on Corporate Debt Default Risk

As researchers show more interest in debt default risk, work on influencing factors of this risk is put a particular emphasis. Because risk preference of management and corporate financial condition cannot be explained by their traits perfectly, this paper has argued association between equity and debt default risk. Selecting 323 listed enterprises as sample, the study uses descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis to determine the relationship of these two indicators. According to the analysis results, large proportion of equity incentives to the total share capital has passive impact on financial condition. It brings heavy credit burden to companies while large proportion of managerial ownership can decrease debt default risk and promote the stability of financial system. This paper strengthens the idea that there is reasonable and significant association between equity incentive and debt default risk. It also proves that different measuring factors of equity incentive have different directions effects on corporate debt default risk.

국가정원 사례로 본 방문자의 관광 동기 및 지각된 가치가 만족도에 미치는 영향

The aim of this study is to investigate the factors that influence the perceived value and the factors influencing the satisfaction and perceived value derived from the tourism motivations of visitors to the Taehwagang National Garden. Specifically, the driving factors, incentive factors, and perceived value of tourism motivation were set as prerequisites for tourism satisfaction. Recently, Ulsan Metropolitan City has implemented various strategies to develop the Taehwagang National Garden and boost visitor numbers, aiming to transition from an industrial to a tourist city. However, the visitor turnout has been less than expected, given the efforts. In response to the need for strategies to ensure the sustainability of the Taehwagang National Garden, this study was conducted focusing on the characteristics of visitors who have experienced the garden. The results of the study were found to have a positive and significant effect on perceived value among the driving factors, and among the attractive factors, core tourism resources had a positive and significant effect on perceived value, and the convenience of information and facilities had a negative and significant effect on perceived value. Furthermore, a conclusion was drawn that perceived value had a positive and significant effect on tourism satisfaction. Therefore, these findings suggest that it can be used as data for establishing marketing strategies for the Taehwagang National Garden, and it is suggested that visitor satisfaction and operational sustainability can be enhanced by developing content that meets visitor needs and by expanding facilities for relaxation.

Procurement contract design for distributed photovoltaic project considering output risk under asymmetric production effort information

PurposeDistributed photovoltaic (DPV) projects generally have output risks, and the production effort of the supplier is often private information, so the buyer needs to design the optimal procurement contract to maximise its procurement utility.Design/methodology/approachBased on the principal-agent theory, we design optimal procurement contracts for DPV projects with fixed payments and incentive factors under three situations, i.e. symmetry information, asymmetry information without monitoring and asymmetry information with monitoring. We obtain the optimal production effort and expected utility of the supplier, the expected output and expected utility of the buyer and analyse the value of the information and monitoring.FindingsThe results show that under asymmetric information without monitoring, risk-averse suppliers need to take some risk due to output risk, which reduces the optimal production effort of the supplier and the expected output and expected utility of the buyer. Therefore, when the monitoring cost is below a certain threshold value, the buyer can introduce a procurement contract with monitoring to address the asymmetry information. In addition, under asymmetric information without monitoring, the buyer should choose a supplier with a low-risk aversion.Originality/valueConsidering the output risk of DPV projects, we study the optimal procurement contract design for the buyer under asymmetric information. The results provide some theoretical basis and management insights for the buyer to design optimal procurement contracts in different situations.

The substitution effect of financial and non-financial incentives at different income levels in physician recruitment: evidence from medical students in China

BackgroundUnderstanding how medical students respond to financial and non-financial incentives is crucial for recruiting health workers and attracting health talents in medical education. However, both incentives are integrated in working practice, and existing theoretical studies have suggested that various income levels may influence the substitution effect of both incentives, while the empirical evidence is lacking. Furthermore, little attention has been paid to the intrinsic motivation. This study aimed to explore the substitution effect of extrinsic incentives at different income levels, also taking intrinsic altruism into account.MethodsWe used the behavioral data from Zhang et al.’s experiments, which involved discrete choice experiments (DCEs) to assess the job preferences of medical students from six teaching hospitals in Beijing, China. The incentive factors included monthly income, work location, work environment, training and career development opportunities, work load, and professional recognition. Additionally, a lab-like experiment in the medical decision-making context was conducted to quantify altruism based on utility function. Furthermore, we separated the choice sets based on the actual income and distinguished the medical students on altruism. The willingness to pay (WTP) was used to estimate the substitution effect of incentives through conditional logit model.ResultsThere was a significant substitution effect between non-financial and financial incentives. As income increased, non-financial incentives such as an excellent work environment, and sufficient career development became relatively more important. The impact of the increase in income on the substitution effect was more pronounced among individuals with higher altruism. Concerning the non-financial incentive work environment, in contrast to the growth of 546 CNY (84 USD) observed in the low-altruism group, the high-altruism group experienced a growth of 1040 CNY (160 USD) in the substitution effect.ConclusionsThe increase in the income level exerted an influence on the substitution effect of non-financial incentives and financial incentives, especially in high-altruism medical students. Policymakers should attach importance to a favorable environment and promising career prospects on the basis of ensuring a higher income level. Medical school administrations should focus on promoting altruistic values in medical education, enhancing talent incentives and teaching strategies to encourage medical students to devote themselves to the medical professions.

The interaction between incentive and opportunity in corporate tax planning: Evidence from financially constrained firms

Prior studies document that incentive factors (i.e., equity compensation, shareholder activism, financial constraints, etc.) motivate managers to avoid more taxes, which suggests that managers overlook tax planning opportunities (TPOs) in the absence of incentives. In this study, I use a prediction model to capture TPOs and find that the positive association between financial constraints (my proxy for incentive) and tax avoidance is stronger for firms with higher levels of TPOs. My results are robust to a variety of identification strategies. To shed light on a possible source of tax uncertainty, I show moderate evidence that firms with lower levels of TPOs adopt risky tax planning strategies under financial constraints to increase tax avoidance. Overall, my study contributes to the literature by demonstrating corporate tax planning as an incentive-opportunity story and identifying an important cross-section in which the connection between incentive and tax avoidance is more prominent.

A digital Technology–Cultural resource strategy to drive innovation in cultural industries: A dynamic analysis based on machine learning

With the gradual maturing of digital technology, the innovation strategy of ‘technology + culture’ is becoming increasingly significant for the sustainable development of cultural industries. This paper takes cultural industries in China's 31 provinces and municipalities in 2019 as a research sample and seeks to explore the multi-dimensional and periodical evolution relationship between digital technology, cultural resources, and innovation in cultural industries by drawing on machine learning algorithms and ergodic theory. The following conclusions are obtained. Firstly, the relationship between digital technology and cultural resources and their impact on the innovation of cultural industries is found to be nonlinear, which is a dynamic evolution process. Secondly, the impact of cultural resources on cultural industry innovation is not completely positively correlated, and the impact on technological innovation is more like an inverted U-shaped curve with a rising, peak, and declining period; the impact on content innovation, meanwhile, is similar to the ferment and take-off stages in the S-curve of innovation. And digital technology plays a significant role in promoting innovation, and is, especially in technological innovation, more like an ascending step from quantitative changes to qualitative change. Thirdly, digital technology and cultural resources are found to play different roles in the different stages of innovative development. Cultural resources are the basic factor and digital technology is the incentive factor.

Integrating Incentive Factors in the Optimization for Bidirectional Charging of Electric Vehicles

Integrating Incentive Factors in the Optimization for Bidirectional Charging of Electric Vehicles

An Empirical Study on the Impact of Incentive Factors on the Teachers’ Performance among Private Higher Institution in China

This empirical study delves into the intricate relationship between incentive factors and the performance of teachers within the realm of private higher education institutions in China. With the rapid expansion of the private higher education sector in China, understanding the mechanisms that drive teacher performance becomes imperative for sustaining educational quality and institutional competitiveness. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this research integrates quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to capture a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted dynamics at play. The quantitative phase involves administering structured questionnaires to a representative sample of teachers across various private higher institutions in China, while the qualitative phase entails in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, including administrators and educators. The study evaluates a range of incentive factors, encompassing financial rewards, professional development opportunities, recognition, and job satisfaction, among others. Through statistical analyses and thematic coding, the research aims to identify the most influential incentive factors and their differential impacts on teachers' performance indicators such as teaching effectiveness, research productivity, and overall job satisfaction. Preliminary findings suggest that while financial incentives remain a significant motivator for teachers, non-monetary factors such as opportunities for professional growth and recognition also play a pivotal role in enhancing performance and job satisfaction. Moreover, the study uncovers nuanced variations in the perceived effectiveness of incentive mechanisms across different demographic and institutional contexts. By shedding light on the intricate interplay between incentive factors and teachers' performance, this study provides valuable insights for private higher education institutions in China to formulate evidence-based strategies for optimizing faculty motivation, productivity, and overall institutional effectiveness. The implications of these findings extend beyond the confines of academia, offering policymakers and educational stakeholders actionable recommendations to foster a conducive environment for teaching excellence and innovation in the private higher education sector.

CEO Compensation and SMEs Performance: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach from Jordanian Listed SMEs

This study's main goal is to discover whether the CEO's cash comparison affects SMEs' performance, with the bonus having a favorable impact instead. The research comprises an analysis of the SMEs mentioned in the Jordanian Ministry of Industry and Trade. To test hypotheses, data were meticulously collected from a sample of 80 SMEs in Amman, Jordan, a pivotal business hub in the country. Utilizing Structural Equation Modelling through Smart PLS 3, our chosen methodological framework facilitated a comprehensive analysis of the intricate relationships between CEO compensation variables and SME performance. The study's conclusions show a substantial correlation between the performance of SMEs included and the components of CEO compensation in the Jordanian Ministry of Industry and Trade. Despite this, it has been discovered that a few additional incentive factors significantly improve performance in SMEs. This study has shown that some incentive contract theories are appropriate for businesses with specific sizes and operating in particular industries.

“Thriving at work” or not? Research on the effects of performance pressure based on achievement motivation theory and two-factor theory

PurposeBased on achievement motivation theory and two-factor theory, this research aimed to synergize cooperative goal interdependence (refer to possessing incentive factors) and illegitimate tasks (refer to the absence of security factors) and build a triple interaction model in the process of performance pressure affecting employees’ thriving at work.Design/methodology/approachThis research collected 291 valid data through a two-point time-lagged method to test the direct effect of performance pressure on employees’ thriving at work and its moderating mechanism.FindingsPerformance pressure has a significant positive effect on employees’ thriving at work. Cooperative goal interdependence imposes an enhanced moderating effect between performance pressure and employees’ thriving at work. Illegitimate task imposes an interfering moderating effect between performance pressure and employees’ thriving at work and further interferes the enhanced moderating effect of cooperative goal interdependence.Practical implicationsUnder the premise of advocating for employees to internalize performance pressure originating from the organizational performance management system into their own achievement motivation, leaders should establish incentive systems and security systems for employees to realize self-achievement through the process of goal management and task management.Originality/valueThis research confirmed the joint determination of incentive effect and insecurity effect on employees’ achievement motivation by cooperative goal interdependence and illegitimate task and revealed the boundary conditions of employees’ choice of thriving at work.