Inappropriate Teaching Methods Research Articles

Obstacles in Instructing English at Village Elementary Schools in Bangladesh: A Study and Proposals

Elementary education serves as the foundation for students' future endeavors. Each year, many students in rural Bangladesh fail public examinations, and those who pass often do so by rote memorization, lacking proficiency in the four key language skills required for competence in English. Primary education was chosen for this study as it is a crucial stage where teachers bear full responsibility for student learning. The primary objective of this research was to identify the obstacles in teaching and learning English at the elementary level in rural areas of Bangladesh. Data were gathered using two sets of questionnaires administered to both students and teachers to assess the state of English language education in these primary schools. Additionally, teacher interviews and classroom observations, guided by an observation checklist, were conducted to gain a comprehensive understanding of the current teaching practices. The findings reveal that the majority of rural students struggle with English due to several factors, including a shortage of skilled and trained teachers, inadequate teacher training, inappropriate teaching methods and materials, limited contact hours, large class sizes, and insufficient pedagogical knowledge. This paper also includes several recommendations based on the research findings to address these challenges effectively.

Systematic Review on The Role of Gender and Language Learning Strategies (LLS)

le to master the language. These struggles generally encompass internal as well as external challenges. Some examples of internal factors comprise low motivation, interest, and focus besides a poor attitude towards the target language in question. Meanwhile, some external factors normally include ineffective and inappropriate teaching and learning (T & L) methods, an unsupportive classroom environment, and a lack of support and encouragement from family and friends. This study aims to determine the role of gender in English as a second language (ESL) learners’ use of language learning strategies (LLS). Online databases such as Google Scholar, Education Resources Information Centre (ERIC), Scopus, and ProQuest were used to identify the relevant literature. Online searches conducted from 2010 and 2022 revealed 197 studies on the topic. The systematic literature review method was employed for this study. However, only 23 kinds of literature out of 197 were selected for inclusion according to specific criteria outlined by the research purpose mentioned above. Based on the results it was found that gender does play a significant role in the ESL learners' use of LLS due to several factors such as aptitude, emotional and communicative motivation, and positive attitude. Moreover, individual personality, social differences, physiological functioning, and home environment can influence the LLS used by ESL learners. It was found that the preferred LLS includes cognitive, compensation, and affective strategies.

Transformasi Pengajaran Tata Bahasa Arab dalam Buku 'Maharah Lughawiyah' Karya Rusydi Ahmad Thu’aimah

Abstract: Language is the primary tool in disseminating knowledge, intercultural communication, and the inheritance of civilization. Arabic language teaching is essential in education, especially in Islamic countries. In language teaching, the three key elements are sound, word, and structure, with grammar or "talking" being a vital aspect of ensuring meaning accuracy. This article reviews the levels of grammar study in Arabic language teaching based on Rusydi Ahmad Thu'aimah's research. Thu'aimah identified three levels of grammar teaching: beginner, intermediate, and advanced, with a different focus on each level. A descriptive and analytical approach was used in this study, with data collected from academic literature and field research. The results show that proper teaching methods and classifying materials based on learner levels can improve Arabic comprehension and language skills. However, challenges still exist in teaching Arabic grammar to non-native speakers, often caused by inappropriate teaching methods. Updates in grammar teaching programs are needed to match the learner's level of understanding, using effective learning methods such as deductive, inductive, problem-solving, grammatical, and grammatical translation. This gradual approach can help learners master Arabic more effectively. Keywords: Level of study, Grammar, Rusydi Ahmad Thu'aimah

Teachers’ and principals’ challenges in implementing Life Skills Education at secondary schools in Lesotho

Lack of training complicates the teaching and learning process. This study explores teachers' and principals’ challenges in implementing Life Skills Education (LSE) at secondary schools in Lesotho. Few graduate teachers received short-term training on LSE; hence, most teachers already practising in schools cannot teach LSE. The findings also revealed that teachers encountered challenges implementing LSE in Lesotho secondary schools. The results indicated that teachers feel troubled when teaching LSE for multiple reasons. These include the lack of skills of unqualified teachers and teachers' lack of confidence and interest. As a result, teachers turn to inappropriate teaching methods. The results indicated that sexuality education and HIV and AIDS could challenge the delivery and implementation of LSE schools. Thus, teachers need to acquire appropriate training and teaching methods in LSE.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Dramatic Approaches in Improving Oral Communication Skills among Arabic Language Students of Colleges of Education in North Central Zone Nigeria

Recent literature highlights a widespread issue of poor oral competence and communication skills among Arabic language students in Nigerian institutions of higher learning. Contributing factors, including the use of inappropriate teaching methods, have been identified. This study explores the impact of using drama techniques to enhance Arabic oral communication skills among students in Colleges of Education across North Central Nigeria. A pre-experimental design was utilized, with one group serving as the experimental group and the other as the control group. The intervention took place during the second semester of the 2023/2024 academic year, involving 51 students in their 200 level. The sample was divided into 26 students for the experimental group and 25 for the control group. To measure outcomes, a test and evaluation scale for oral expression skills was developed. Statistical analysis, including means, standard deviations, and independent sample t-tests, were applied. The findings indicated a statistically significant difference in favour of the experimental group, suggesting that drama techniques can be an effective approach for improving spoken Arabic, particularly within the Nigerian educational context

PENGARUH PERMAINAN ROLL DICE CHALLENGE TERHADAP LITERASI AWAL ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN

This study is based on the low early literacy levels of children, caused by a lack of engaging learning media that stimulates children's interest in learning and the use of inappropriate teaching methods in teaching literacy to children. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of the roll dice challenge game on the early literacy of children aged 5-6 years in Polombangkeng Utara District. The research approach used is a quantitative approach with a Quasi-Experimental Design type. The population in this study consists of children aged 5-6 years in early childhood education institutions in Polombangkeng Utara District. The sample was taken using purposive sampling technique. The research sample consisted of 34 children, 17 children as the experimental group and 17 children as the control group. The data collection techniques in this study include tests, observations, and documentation. The data analysis techniques in this study include prerequisite tests and independent sample t-tests. The results of the study concluded that the roll dice challenge game has a significant effect on the early literacy of children aged 5-6 years in Polombangkeng Utara District.

Causes of Aquaphobia in Swimming Beginners Aged 6 to 12 and Related Strategies in Swimming Instruction

The ages of 6 to 12 represent an ideal period for learning to swim; however, aquaphobia often poses a significant barrier to children's swimming education. This study employs field investigations, interviews, and observational methods to examine the causes of aquaphobia among swimming beginners aged 6 to 12 and to propose effective strategies for overcoming this issue. The research indicates that aquaphobia is influenced by a combination of psychological factors (such as mental resilience, understanding of swimming, poor body coordination, and competitive anxiety) and external environmental factors (including social and sports environment changes, alterations in breathing techniques, and inappropriate teaching methods by coaches). To mitigate aquaphobia, the study suggests two primary approaches: firstly, enhancing children's awareness of swimming safety, mastering proper breathing techniques, emphasizing comfort with water, establishing confidence in learning, and creating a positive learning environment; secondly, shifting learners' focus through imaginative visualization and gradual desensitization, ensuring a safe teaching environment, and progressively applying professional teaching methodologies. This research aims to provide strategies to address aquaphobia in young swimming novices, facilitating their mastery of swimming skills and promoting their physical development and the long-term advancement of swimming instruction.

Impact of cooperative learning on teaching mensuration to senior secondary students

Scientific and technological developments rely strongly on mathematical skills. However, mensuration is a challenging topic in school mathematics, leading to poor performance by many students. Various factors are responsible for the unsatisfactory performance, including inappropriate teaching methods where students passively absorb knowledge transmitted through reading and explanations of textbook contents. Thus, this study examined how a cooperative learning method affected students' performance in mensuration. A quasi-experimental research design was used in the study. The sample comprised two intact classes of 80 students assigned to experimental and control groups selected from one senior secondary school in Ogun State. Data were collected using an adopted standardised mensuration achievement test (MAT), which takes an analytical approach that includes problem-solving, geometric reasoning, formula application, and conceptual comprehension. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the mean score (M=11.18, SD=3.09) of students taught mensuration using the cooperative learning method and the mean score (M=7.66, SD=3.32) of students taught mensuration without using the learning method of teaching (t (78)=9.50, p=0.00). Also, the mean score varied statistically significantly (M=7.66, SD=2.63) of male students taught mensuration using the cooperative learning method and the mean score (M=8.73, SD=3.08) of female students taught mensuration without using the learning method of teaching (t (78) = 6.58, p=0.00). Therefore, cooperative learning in mathematics classrooms fosters students' ability to create and achieve learning objectives.

COMMUNICATION FOR DIGITAL LEADERSHIP: AN EXPLORATION TO THE FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO LOW INDEX

Digital leadership is important today because leadership development is a key element of sustainability education. To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), leaders should deploy resources, be visionary and ethical, and focus on long-term goals without neglecting values and principles. There are nine elements to assess the digital leadership of teachers. One of the crucial elements in digital leadership of teachers is communication. However, previous studies show that communication has a low index in digital leadership compared to the other elements. Therefore, this study aims to explore the factors that contribute to a low index of communication in digital leadership. In this paper, a qualitative approach using a semi-structured interview is adopted. The interview protocol consists of basic information about the participants, guidelines for the participants, interview questions, and appreciation for the participants. The interviews were conducted thoroughly, although there was only one interview question. The interviews were conducted online via the Zoom application. The interview participants were selected by using purposive sampling that involved four teachers from primary and secondary schools in Perak, Selangor and Sabah. The data was analysed using thematic analysis. The analysis revealed five factors: inefficient use of communication channels, inappropriate attitude of parents, lack of face-to-face communication, inappropriate teaching methods of teachers and limited internet access. The implications of this study point to the possibility of improving the use of communication channels in an efficient way, improving teaching methods so that students can understand what is being taught by teachers, and improving Internet access to increase the frequency of communication and diversify the methods of online communication between teachers and students. Stakeholders, administration and teachers should be more proactive in seeking solutions to overcome these challenges. It is suggested that a further study on communication in digital leadership be conducted, involving teachers from all states and using a quantitative approach and interviews among teachers in all types of Malaysian schools.

Influence of Teaching Methods Used on the Acquisition of English Reading Skills in Secondary Schools in Kenya

English reading skills are essential in academic and professional development. While appropriate teaching methods enhance learner acquisition of reading skills, inappropriate teaching methods hamper the acquisition of reading skills. This article examines the type of teaching methods used when teaching reading skills and seeks to establish the influence of teaching methods used on the acquisition of English reading skills. Data were obtained from 400 form three students and 40 teachers of English language from 20 public secondary schools in Teso North sub-county. Stratified, simple random and proportional sampling was used to obtain the study sample. Data were collected using questionnaires, interview schedules and classroom observation schedules. The sampled students filled out questionnaires and teachers were interviewed and observed in the classroom. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results indicate that teaching methods such as group work, pair work and discussion were the most significant factors influencing the acquisition of reading skills p < 0.05. The study concluded that pedagogy has a significant relationship with the acquisition of English reading skills. The study recommended that teachers should use a variety of teaching methods. This is because each method complements the other.

PENGARUH PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PENEMUAN TERBIMBING DAN PAIR CHECKS TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI BANGUN RUANG SISI DATAR

This study is motivated by the low mathematics learning outcomes, one of the reasons being that students have a poor grasp of the material on flat-sided geometric shapes due to inappropriate teaching methods. Teachers tend to emphasize concepts based on memorization and have not yet implemented suitable learning models. The purpose of the research is to determine whether there is a difference in the learning outcomes of flat-sided spatial shapes material among eighth-grade students at SMP N 1 Suruh with the application of the guided discovery learning model (PT) and pair check. (PC). The research uses a quantitative approach with a type of Quasi-Experimental research and a Posttest-Only Control Group Design. The sampling technique employs Nonprobability Sampling with Purposive Sampling, involving class VIII A and D with a total of 83 students applying the PC learning model, and class VIII B and F with a total of 85 students also applying the PC learning model. Data collection techniques include tests and documentation. The data analysis technique in this study uses the T-test. The research results indicate that there is a difference in learning outcomes for flat-sided spatial shapes with the application of the PT and PC learning models. The average learning outcomes using the PT learning model are better than those using the PC learning model.

ESL/EFL Teachers’ Role in Moral and Political Education in China and Its Implications for Pre-Service Teacher Education

ESL/EFL teaching exhibits a strong compatibility with moral and political education, and its classroom is a natural place for instruction. Teachers assume pivotal roles as leaders, designers, and practitioners, wielding considerable influence over the quality of foreign language teaching through their capacity to impart moral values and cultivate ethical awareness. It is imperative to incorporate moral values into teacher education to equip teachers with the requisite skills to foster moral development in their students. However, the pre-service education in China has failed to address the issue, resulting in a lack of pertinent training. As a result, in-service teachers often encounter challenges when attempting to integrate moral and political education into their pedagogical practices, including a deficiency in relevant knowledge, inadequate skill sets, and inappropriate teaching methods. Consequently, a crucial necessity exists for comprehensive revisions to pre-service education programs, particularly to curriculum and course design, to meet the specific needs of ESL/EFL teachers.

Blended Learning, The International Chinese Learning Trend In Post-Pandemic Era

In the early days of the Covid-19 pandemic, Chinese online learning faced many challenges, including (1) poor internet connection and high internet costs; (2) low computational literacy of teachers; (3) limited interaction between teachers and students; (4) inappropriate teaching materials and methods; and (5) the lack of student discipline and the difficulty of providing assessments. However, these challenges have turned into opportunities for the rapid development of online Chinese learning over time. Academics in China predict that online Chinese learning will be maintained in the post-pandemic era, the blended learning will become a learning trend that is applied globally. This research is descriptive qualitative research with data collection techniques through literature study method and Forum Group Discussion (FGD). The result of this study is a description of the solution to the challenges of Chinese online learning globally during the pandemic, blended learning, and its implementation strategy in the post-pandemic era based on the “Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards for International Chinese Language Education” issued in 2021.

Students' perception on anatomy education in Cyberjaya University College of Medical Sciences, Malaysia

Introduction: Anatomy education faces continuous debate about the best teaching methods to maximize learning as sufficient knowledge of anatomy is crucial for safe and efficient clinical practice. This study was conducted to explore students' perceptions about learning anatomy by focusing around six major topics: (i) the importance of anatomy in medical school, (ii) factors influencing students' performance in anatomy, (iii) anatomy teaching methods, (iv) continuous assessment in anatomy, (v) the clarity of learning outcomes, and (vi) students' suggestions to improve anatomy learning. Material and Methods: A total 183 medical students from year 1 to year 5 currently studying in Cyberjaya University College of Medical Sciences participated in the survey. This study involved collecting data through the Anatomy Education Questionnaire via online survey link. Results: There is a general awareness among all students regarding the importance and relevance of anatomy, i.e., to be a safe and competent doctor (80.7%) and to be able to perform invasive procedures and surgeries on patients (79.1%). Majority of students feel that inadequate assessments (59%), integrated curriculum (53%), and inappropriate teaching methods (31%) are the major factors that influence students' performance in anatomy. Teaching anatomy via cadaveric dissection (72.2%) is the most preferred study tool whereas traditional lectures (29.9%) are the least preferred methods among the students. Majority of students (97.3%) agree that having more continuous assessments helps them identify their weaknesses in anatomy. Discussion and Conclusions: This study suggests the necessity for some educational refinements to improve anatomy learning by fostering deeper approaches via clinical integration of the subject and utilization of anatomy videos.

The Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (Dematel) and Analytic Network Process (ANP) for Learning Material Evaluation System

Evaluate the learning that will be given or given to diagnose success and failure in understanding teaching materials. Failure to provide learning can be caused by the use of inappropriate teaching or media methods, and difficult language to convey. By applying information technology in evaluating learning materials, a web-based evaluation system can be developed to conduct assessments and as a way to improve the quality of learning materials with certain criteria. So that the problem of failure in the learning process can be known based on the learning material used. This study integrates the DEMATEL and ANP methods that support decision making by evaluating lecturer learning material to students. Based on the problems and explanations described earlier, the use of the DEMATEL and ANP methods is expected to assist in evaluating learning materials with the aim of always trying to provide good learning materials based on the right factors or criteria. The results of making an evaluation system aim to assess the suitability of learning materials with the criteria used as further improvement efforts and to find out where the lack of success in learning. Thus it can be sustainable between the objectives and the final results of teaching.

A CASE STUDY OF THE CHALLENGES IN A CHINESE ELT STUDENT TEACHER’S CLASSROOM TEACHING

This paper presents the results of an in-depth investigation into the challenges a Chinese English language teaching (ELT) student teacher faced in his classroom teaching during the teaching practicum. The subject for the study was the researcher himself. The data collection instrument consisted of a series of materials collected when he was doing the teaching practicum in Year 4 at the university, which included classroom observation forms by his supervisor, the evaluations from the supervisor and students after classes, his after-class reflections and the weekly journals written by himself. By analyzing these qualitative data with “coding”, the study revealed different challenges in a Chinese ELT student teacher’s classroom teaching, including (a) neglect of teaching aims and objectives; (b) inappropriate teaching philosophies and methods; (c) insufficient student analyses; (d) weakness in textbook integration; (e) lack of teaching experience, and so on. Corresponding strategies in coping with these challenges (implications) are put forward and discussed. Article visualizations:

Gambaran Mengenai Metode Mengajar Sesuai dan Tidak Sesuai Dikembangkan dalam Program TK

<span lang="IN">With the increasing understanding of how young children develop and learn, there has been a greater emphasis on the education of young children. This study aims to obtain a description of appropriate and inappropriate teaching methods developed in a kindergarten program, specifically in the village of South Meruya. This research is qualitative descriptive, using interview method to teaching method of kindergarten teacher. The subjects consisted of 8 kindergarten teachers, consisting of 4 teachers of kindergarten and 4 teachers of kindergarten. The results obtained from this research are the kindergarten teachers in Meruya Selatan Village have shown appropriate teaching methods developed in the kindergarten program almost on all components except the teaching strategy component (addressing the ideas conveyed by the children), content and curriculum approach (aesthetic expression), reciprocal relationship with parents, and program policies (teacher-child ratio). </span>

Challenges, Counselling Needs, and Coping Strategies of Students with Visual Impairment in Regular Secondary Schools in Nigeria

Abstract This study investigated challenges, counselling needs and coping strategies of students with visual impairment in regular secondary schools in Nigeria. The descriptive survey of cross-sectional design was employed for the study. Five hundred and twenty-seven students with visual impairment in regular secondary schools were included in the survey by using purposive and captive sampling techniques. The findings of the study revealed that the challenges of students with visual impairment in regular secondary schools include inability to access modern technologies, ( $\overline {\rm{X}} $ = 3.73), inappropriate teaching methods ( $\overline {\rm{X}} $ = 3.64), non availability of special curriculum ( $\overline {\rm{X}} $ = 3.57). It is therefore recommended that teachers and school authorities should ensure that students with visual impairment are taught to develop effective study habits and techniques of self-activity.

Code-switching in English Language Education: Voices from Vietnam

Why do bilingual language teachers and students switch between the two languages in their language classrooms? On the evidence of current research findings in relation to English-Vietnamese code-switching in the educational contexts of Vietnam, this article identifies that classroom code-switching between the second language and the first language has its own pedagogic functions and it can be a valuable language classroom resource to both teachers and learners. In Vietnam, the implementation of the monolingual approach of teaching English-through-English-only faces many challenges such as inadequate classroom resources, students’ low levels of English competence, motivation and autonomy, teachers’ limited English abilities, and inappropriate teaching methods. Many Vietnamese teachers of English support code-switching in the classroom and they teach English through the bilingual approach. English-Vietnamese code-switching is reported not to be a restriction on the acquisition of English; rather, it can facilitate the teaching and learning of general English in Vietnam. This practice of code-switching is not just due to a lack of sufficient proficiency to maintain a conversation in English; rather, it serves a number of pedagogic functions such as explaining new words and grammatical rules, giving feedback, checking comprehension, making comparison between English and Vietnamese, establishing good rapport between teachers and students, creating a friendly classroom atmosphere and supporting group dynamics.

Barriers to Business Start-up among Tanzanian University Graduates: Evidence from the University of Dar-es-salaam

This article assesses barriers to business start-ups among university graduates by drawing evidence from the University of Dar-es-salaam. A cross-sectional research design was used with a sample comprising 308 graduates and 10 key informants. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and key informant interview checklist and were analysed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) whereby confirmatory factor analysis was performed using Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Pearson’s chi-square was used to test whether graduates who had not studied entrepreneurship and those who had studied entrepreneurship reported different start-up barriers. It was found that inappropriate teaching methods, lack of business experience, deficiencies in the university programmes, commitments on extended families and bureaucratic tendencies had greater contribution to hindering business start-ups. It was concluded that entrepreneurship study influenced the way graduates perceived the barriers; it was observed that graduates who studied entrepreneurship reported different start-up barriers from those reported by their counterparts. The results were statistically significant at p-value < 0.05. Higher learning institutions should adopt competent based curricula in order to impart necessary business skills to students and use the business apprenticeship approach while students are still on studies.