Inappropriate Behavior Research Articles

Psychotherapist factors that patients perceive are associated with treatment failure.

Psychotherapy is a well-established and effective treatment for various psychiatric problems, but a substantial proportion of patients do not benefit from it, and many terminate treatment prematurely. Previous studies suggest that therapist dissatisfaction may play a pivotal role in premature treatment termination. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate therapist factors that may contribute to less-than-optimal results and dropout. Data were collected through a survey of patients (n = 736) with the experience of previous unsuccessful psychotherapy treatments. Based on prior research, the survey covered 13 therapist behaviors and traits, such as being unstructured or unengaged. The most common therapist factor that patients associated with treatment failure was poor assessment/understanding (86.7%), followed by inflexibility (71.7%) and poor knowledge (70.1%). Furthermore, this study identified four novel therapist-related factors: breaking the treatment contract, inappropriate sexual behaviors or comments, using non-conventional methods, and dominating behaviors. Overall, this study highlights the significance of therapist-related factors in premature treatment termination and treatment failure, shedding light on the crucial role therapists play in the therapeutic process. Understanding these factors is essential for improving psychotherapy outcomes and reducing dropout rates. Further investigations are needed to explore the impact of these therapist behaviors on treatment outcomes and to develop strategies for enhancing therapist competencies and skills to foster a more effective therapeutic alliance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Examining Conflict Management Strategies Used in Tanzania’s Secondary Schools: A Case in Biharamulo District, Tanzania

The study delves into the pervasive issue of conflicts within secondary schools, emphasizing their inherent nature in human interactions. It emphasizes the vital role of effective conflict management in maintaining a conducive learning environment. The research objectives cover the identification of conflict root causes, assessment of implemented strategies, and their impacts, and provision of recommendations for improved conflict management approaches in schools. Employing qualitative methodology, the study utilizes in-depth interviews, group discussions, and document reviews to collect data. Findings reveal the persistence of conflicts, notably attributed to the lack of a universally accepted resolution framework. Ad hoc methods are employed, lacking consistency and alignment with specific conflict natures, resulting in profound consequences such as student dropout, prolonged conflicts, fear, resentment, and hindered academic progress. The study recommends government intervention in training teachers, rigorous evaluation of school administrators' qualifications, and improvements in teacher welfare coupled with strict punitive measures for teachers’ inappropriate behavior. It concludes by highlighting the ongoing nature of conflicts and the urgent need for a practical approach, urging schools to prioritize understanding conflict causes, implementing effective management actions, and prioritizing the well-being of both teachers and students.

Making a Bad Situation Worse: Current and Potential Unintended Consequences of Juvenile Registration for Sexual Offences.

Within the US, children and adolescents who engage in sexually abusive behavior are often subjected to sex offender registration and notification requirements, which contribute to stigmatization and forfeiture of their civil rights without empirical basis (Lancaster, 2011; Pickett et al., 2023; Zilney & Zilney, 2009). To date, 39 states subject children with adjudicated sexual offenses to sex offender registration requirements, with most recent estimates revealing that approximately 200,000 youth have been placed on sex offender registries within the US and many are now on the registry as adults (Pickett et al., 2020). This severe response-by both members of the public and policymakers-toward children who engage in inappropriate sexual behavior is imposed upon children and adolescents with adjudicated sexual offenses in an effort to meet goals of reducing sexual violence and increasing community safety. Within the current discourse, we review the history of registration and notification practices for adolescents with sexual offenses, describe what registration and notification policies entail, and then present empirical and theoretical evidence of the harmful outcomes associated with implementation of registration and notification requirements for sexual offenses. Thus, the predominant aim of this discourse is to encourage thoughtful and critical examination of registration and notification policies and their iatrogenic impacts.

Menstrual hygiene behaviour among the tribal married women aged 15 to 49 years: A cross-sectional study in a community development block of Paschim Bardhaman District, West Bengal.

Menstrual hygiene management is integrally associated with reproductive health of women. Menstrual health and hygiene needs, particularly of tribal women still remain unmet for many reasons. Inappropriate menstrual behaviour leads to adverse health consequences. This study aimed to ascertain the menstrual hygiene behaviour of tribal married women aged 15 to 49 years and its correlates. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2019 to April 2020 in the Barabani block of Paschim Bardhaman district, West Bengal. A calculated sample of 530 women was selected randomly from 10 tribal villages of the study area; they were interviewed through a pre-designed schedule for socio-demographic and menstrual hygiene behaviour characteristics. Menstrual hygiene management score was derived based on five essential components- hygienic absorbents, hygienic disposal of absorbents, frequency of changing of absorbents, cleaning of external genitalia and source of water for cleaning; menstrual hygiene behaviour was categorised as favourable and unfavourable. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was performed using SPSS v. 20. All 530 women were Hindu and belonged to Santhal ethnicity; 53.4% were illiterate. Sanitary pads were used by 43.8% of women; 63% practised indiscriminate throwing for disposal of absorbents; 86% practised appropriate changing of absorbents. Overall, 63% had favourable menstrual hygiene management behaviour, and the literacy status of women was found to be a significant predictor. Unfavourable menstrual practices are still widely prevalent among tribal women, mainly attributable to lack of knowledge. Awareness generation should be focused on improving those practices, which would also result in the improvement of general health conditions.

Fever-induced acute sleep terrors in children and adolescents following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

This study aims toprovide physicians withinsights into the clinical manifestations and outcomes of children and young adolescents experiencing sleep terrors following SARS-CoV-2 infection. We enrolled patients who developed new onset sleep terrors after SARS-CoV-2infection fromDecember2022to April 2023 in the Xijing hospital, Xi'an, China. We enrolled six patients who experienced sleep terrors following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Out of these patients, five were children and only one was an adolescent, with a mean age of 9 years. Neuroimagingresults were negative for all cases. Sleep terrors occurred during both the active course of COVID-19 illness and the recovery period in all patients. Symptoms included crying or screaming in terror, hyperactivity, inappropriate behavior and periods of mental confusion during sleep. These episodes typicallyoccurred 40 min to 1 h after falling asleep. EEG monitoring confirmed two patients' episodes occurred during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) stage 3 sleep. The duration of sleep terrors ranged from 3mines to30 mines, with each patient experiencing 3-4 to 30-40 instances. Initially, the frequency of episodes was highest at 3-4 times per night, gradually decreasing to once a night, then once a week, until complete disappearance. No medical intervention was required. Clinical follow-up ranged from 6 to 12 months, with spontaneous remission occurring within 1 week to 2 months for different patients. SARS-CoV-2 infectionmay precipitate acute sleep terrors in children and adolescents. The course of these sleep terrors is generally benign, with all patients achieving spontaneous complete remission over time.

Parents’ Views on Quality Programmes for Children and the Risks and Benefits They Bring to Preschool Children’s Development and Learning

The aim of this study, which combines a qualitative and a quantitative approach, was to investigate by which standards Slovenian parents of preschool children define a high-quality children’s programme that can be watched on different screens. In addition, we were interested in parents’ views on the risks and benefits that programmes designed for children bring to the child’s early development and learning. The sample included 239 parents of children aged 1 to 6 years. The results show that, on average, children were exposed to screens at the age of two, but individual differences in both the age of first exposure and the frequency of exposure to screen content were substantial. Parents mostly used restrictive mediation to regulate their children’s screen exposure. Overall, parents attached great importance to the different aspects of quality children’s programme and rated aesthetic quality, entertainment and involvement as three very important elements. The standards by which they judged the quality of children’s programme were related to their education and the age of the child. They emphasised the positive effects of children’s programmes on the child’s emotional and language development, imagination and creativity, as well as on the development of social skills and play. On the other hand, the parents were most concerned about violent content, the modelling of inappropriate behaviour and the choice of words in children’s programmes.

The Impact of Caregiver Pressure to Eat on Food Neophobia in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study.

(1) Background: With autistic children's high pervasiveness of eating problems and inappropriate feeding behaviors by their caregivers, this study wanted to inspect the connection between caregivers' pressure to eat and food neophobia in these children. (2) Methods: Cross-sectional overview of 160 guardians of kids aged 2 to 7 years. After one-on-one questioning by the researcher, the collected information on the socio-demographic characteristics of the children with autism, caregiver feeding behavior, and new food neophobia (FN) scores was entered into the Questionnaire Star system. (3) Results: The mean FN score was 25.56 ± 6.46. The caregiver's pressure to eat positively related to children's FN (β = 0.164 95% CI, 0.078, 2.163). In these children, we found a negative correlation between FN score and the frequency of vegetable intake (p ≤ 0.001), fruit intake (p ≤ 0.05), aquatic product intake (p ≤ 0.05), and dietary diversity score (p ≤ 0.01), and positively correlated with the frequency of snack intake (p ≤ 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Caregiver pressure to eat was positively associated with high levels of FN in Chinese kids with ASD, which in turn negatively impacted dietary quality. To improve eating habits, caregivers should reconsider their feeding strategies and avoid using forceful methods to ease food neophobia in these children.

From contact to connection: a comprehensive examination of affective touch in educational settings.

We often talk about the way we talk, and we frequently try to see the way we see, but for some reasons we have rarely touched on the way we touch. The communication we transmit with touch is perceived to be one of the most powerful means of establishing human relationships. In particular, tactile communication with parents, caregivers and teachers is particularly important for infants and students, as it helps make stronger relationships between educators or teachers and schoolers and also between students. Research has demonstrated the numerous benefits that an affective touch has on students, physically, socially and cognitively, or as has observed, touch touches deeper that just one's skin and it is a recipe for creating meaningful relations. However, in the educational context, touch is perceived to be a complex phenomenon full of tension and emotion. For years, a dilemma has arisen in educational institutions in some countries, whether teachers can touch students or not? Despite the benefits that affective touch brings to students, cases of sexual abuse and inappropriate behavior at school have alerted the education system, to such an extent that many teachers worldwide consider what is and is not appropriate when communicating affectively with their students through touch. In this perspective article, by drawing on previous literature reviews, we shall highlight the benefits that affective touch has on learners.

Attentional spatial cueing of the stop-signal affects the ability to suppress behavioural responses.

The ability to adapt to the environment is linked to the possibility of inhibiting inappropriate behaviours, and this ability can be enhanced by attention. Despite this premise, the scientific literature that assesses how attention can influence inhibition is still limited. This study contributes to this topic by evaluating whether spatial and moving attentional cueing can influence inhibitory control. We employed a task in which subjects viewed a vertical bar on the screen that, from a central position, moved either left or right where two circles were positioned. Subjects were asked to respond by pressing a key when the motion of the bar was interrupted close to the circle (go signal). In about 40% of the trials, following the go signal and after a variable delay, a visual target appeared in either one of the circles, requiring response inhibition (stop signal). In most of the trials the stop signal appeared on the same side as the go signal (valid condition), while in the others, it appeared on the opposite side (invalid condition). We found that spatial and moving cueing facilitates inhibitory control in the valid condition. This facilitation was observed especially for stop signals that appeared within 250ms of the presentation of the go signal, thus suggesting an involvement of exogenous attentional orienting. This work demonstrates that spatial and moving cueing can influence inhibitory control, providing a contribution to the investigation of the relationship between spatial attention and inhibitory control.

Comparing attitudes towards compulsory interventions in severe and persistent mental illness among psychiatrists in India and Switzerland.

Psychiatrists face a major ethical challenge when deciding whether to make use of coercive measures in the treatment process of patients suffering from severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI). As India and Switzerland show major cultural, political and financial differences, it is hypothesized that attitudes towards coercive measures among Indian and Swiss psychiatrists will vary too. Exploring differences in attitudes between cultures strengthens the critical reflection on one's own stances and in consequence, on our way of action. Especially when it comes to situations involving power imbalances between patients and health practitioners, self-reflection is essential to prevent ethically inappropriate behavior. An online survey on aspects of care for patients with SPMI was sent to 3'056 members of the Indian Psychiatric Society between April and June 2020 and to 1'311 members of the Swiss Society for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy between February and March 2016. The respondents' answers were compared. This article deals with the questionnaire's items on autonomous decision making and the implementation of coercive measures in clinical practice. More precisely, participating psychiatrists were asked to rate the importance of patient's autonomy in general and their willingness to apply coercive measures regarding two specific case vignettes depicting a patient with schizophrenia and one with depression. The statistical analysis, namely descriptive data analysis and calculation of arithmetic means, Shapiro Wilks tests and Mann-Whitney U tests, was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics version 27. Answers were received from 206 psychiatrists in India and 457 psychiatrists in Switzerland. Indian participants tended to value autonomous decision making as slightly less important than Swiss participants (62.2% vs. 91%, p =.01). Regarding a case of severe and persistent depression, psychiatrists in the Indian group were on average more in favor of acting against the wishes of the patient (55% vs. 34.1%, p <.0001) as well as of accepting a temporary decrease in quality of life due to coercion (40% vs. 23%, p =.008). Answers concerning a case of schizophrenia revealed that Indian participants were more in favor of acting against the patient's wishes than Swiss participants (39% vs. 37%, p =.007), whereas the comparison whether to accept a temporary decrease in quality of life regarding this case showed no significant difference (p =.328). The significant difference in attitudes towards coercive measures among Indian compared to Swiss psychiatrists found in this study might arise from a predominantly more collectivist society in India compared to Switzerland. Moreover, differences in financial resources, the organization of the health care system, and the historical background might have an influence. Continuous and critical reflection on one's own views and behavior is essential, especially if ethical principles and individual rights could be violated through a power imbalance, as in the case of coercive measures.

"This Chatbot Would Never...": Perceived Moral Agency of Mental Health Chatbots

Despite repeated reports of socially inappropriate and dangerous chatbot behaviour, chatbots are increasingly used as mental health services in providing support for young people. In sensitive settings as such, the notion of perceived moral agency (PMA) is crucial, given its critical role in human-human interactions. In this paper, we investigate the role of PMA in human-chatbot interactions. Specifically, we seek to understand how PMA influence the perception of trust, likeability, and perceived safety of chatbots for mental health across two distinct age groups. We conduct an online experiment(N = 279)to evaluate chatbots with low and high PMA as targeted towards teenagers and adults. Our results indicate increased trust, likeability, and perceived safety in mental health chatbots displaying high PMA. A qualitative analysis revealed four themes, assessing participants' expectations of mental health chatbots in general, as well as targeted towards teenagers: Anthropomorphism, Warmth, Sensitivity, and Appearance manifestation. We show that PMA plays a crucial role in influencing the perceptions of chatbots and provide recommendations for designing socially appropriate mental health chatbots.

Inappropriate Behavior at Finnish Live Music Events

In this study, we concentrated on Finnish live music events, aiming to study audiences’ experiences of inappropriate behavior, particularly the effect of being a member of a minority in the risk of facing such behavior. The research data comprised 19,452 answers to two web surveys; 22% of males, 33% of females, and 64% of nonbinary persons had experienced some or several forms of inappropriate behavior at live music events. The large number of responses from minority group members allowed statistical analysis focusing on their experiences. Being a member of a minority significantly increases the risk of facing inappropriate behavior. The more minority groups a person belongs to, the more likely they are to become harassed or threatened. Event organizers should put more effort into ensuring the quality of experience of minority members, and they should be aware that the way they handle inappropriate behavior is reflected in their reputation.

Interpretation of refusal to use contraceptive methods in university students through systematic literature review

The interpretation of the refusal to use contraceptive methods in university students is important because it helps to understand the beliefs, attitudes and behaviors regarding sexual and reproductive health in this demographic group, and also allows the identification of possible cultural, educational or access barriers that may be affecting decision making related to the use of contraceptives. The objective of this systematic review was to analyze the causes of refusal to use contraceptive methods in university students based on a systematic literature review. For the development of the research, a search of electronic documents was carried out in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Medline and Embase. Fourteen scientific articles were selected by applying the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, using descriptors such as: ("level of knowledge about contraceptive methods" OR "refusal to use contraceptive methods") AND ("University students") and an evaluation of the quality of the articles based on the use of the STROBE guidelines. The results reflected that most studies agree that students are knowledgeable about contraceptive methods, but do not use contraceptives for the most part. The main causes of refusal are related to inappropriate sexual behaviors, alcohol and drug abuse, early age of sexual debut, gender stereotypes, religion, lack of family counseling, and misuse of contraceptives. Currently, the education and training of students is a key factor in the prevention of unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases

Le time-out ou « mise à l’écart temporaire » : un éclairage scientifique pour un débat sociétal

Over the past year, several controversial articles have been written in the press and scientific journals about the benefits and harms of time-out (TO). The aim of this article is to review the scientific literature outlining the conclusions of meta-analyses carried out on parenting programs including TO, and on the TO procedure itself. Then, we describe the characteristics of the TO to understand how parents/educators use it and to assess its efficiency. The results show that the TO is not an isolated educational strategy but is included in a more comprehensive process with a before (establishment of the educational framework, rules to be followed) and an after (debriefing, explanations of inappropriate behavior) called time-in. Thus, it is difficult to assess the effectiveness of a TO without considering a wider temporality, including time-in. Moreover, the age of the child, the TO's duration and any behavioral or mental problems in the dyad child/parent are important factors that highlight the plurality of the TO. Further scientific research is necessary to assess its effectiveness considering the epidemiological characteristics of each protagonist. We need to look more closely at which TO is the best for which child and by which parent.

Environmental and behavioral variables associated with lower urinary tract diseases in domestic cats

Objectives: Feline lower urinary tract disease (LUTD) is a frequently seen disease with multiple etiologies. Since it is a complex condition, the aim of this study is to evaluate the factors that may affect the development of the disease.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: Demographic, clinical, behavioral and environmental parameters of 30 cats diagnosed with lower urinary tract disease and 15 aged-matched healthy cats presented to Ankara University Small Animal Hospital were evaluated. &#x0D; Results: In the diseased group, the male population was higher and the cats were overweight. The number of food, water and litter boxes and litter material were found to differ significantly between groups. Daily habits such as playing with a scratching board and self-grooming differed between the groups. Inappropriate behaviors observed by the owners of the cats in the first group were listed as urinating/defecating outside the litter box and showing aggression towards the owner, guests, and/or other animals. &#x0D; Conclusions: The results of this study show that the detailed evaluation and regulation of the daily needs of cats is important for the emergence or recurrence of the disease and therefore may contribute to the correct management of the treatment process in cats with lower urinary tract disease.

Cariprazine as monotherapy in a case of First Episode of Psychosis (FEP)

IntroductionFirst-Episode Psychosis (FEP) is a variable condition, characterized by the emergence of new psychotic features for a period of at least 1 week. ( Marques et al.. European Psychiatry 2016; 33 S258) The treatment is antipsychotic medications, which are generally divided into two categories: first and second generation antipsychotics, and they are dopamine antagonists or dopamine partial agonists.ObjectivesThe purpose of this presentation is to assess the efficacy of monotherapy treatment with cariprazine of the First Episode of Psychosis (FEP) in a young patient.MethodsA 19-year old man was involuntarily admitted to the psychiatric intensive care unit because of aggressive and inappropriate behaviour towards his mother including threats to kill her and exhibiting his genitals. His medical history included short periods of depressed mood, as well as physical symptoms such as loss of hair and gastrointestinal symptoms, since he was 18 years old.When the patient was admitted he was cautious and anxious. During the interview he made reference to auditory hallucinations that commanded him to sexually stimulate himself in front of his mother and also persecutory delusions. Upon admission his total PANSS score was 127. The positive subscale score was 21. The patient was treated with monotherapy cariprazine, gradually increasing the dose from 1,5 mg to 6 mg per day . Furthermore, he was adjunctively treated with sertraline, gradually increasing the dose from 50 to 150 mg.ResultsAfter a period 24 days since admission the patient clinically improved and was discharged. His total PANSS score was 73 and the positive subscale was 9. He suffered no adverse effects from his treatment.ConclusionsThe use of cariprazine as a treatment for a FEP of a young male significantly improved his PANSS score after a 24-day treatment and also his disorganised behaviour. Of note, rapid tranquilization was avoided. According to the literature this is considered satisfactory response to treatment (Leucht et al. Schizophr Res. 2005; 79:231-8.). Nevertheless further investigation on the efficacy of the particular medication is necessary as its use is relatively recent in the treatment of psychosis. (Garnock et al. CNS Drugs. 2017; 31:513-525)Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Examining the propensity and nature of criminal risk behaviours in frontotemporal dementia syndromes and Alzheimer's disease.

Some people with dementia develop changes in behaviour and cognition that may lead to interactions with police or the legal system. However, large, prospective case-control studies examining these behaviours are lacking. One hundred and forty-four people with dementia and 53 controls completed the Misdemeanours and Transgressions Screener. Criminal risk behaviours were reported in: 65.6% of behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia, 46.2% of right-lateralised semantic dementia, and 27.0% of Alzheimer's disease patients. In 19.1% of patients these behaviours led to contact with police or authority figures. Compared to controls, people with dementia showed higher rates of physical assault (p=0.024), financial/professional recklessness (p=0.009), and inappropriate behaviours (p =0.052). Criminal risk behaviours are common across dementia subtypes and may be one of the first clinical signs of frontotemporal dementia. Further research to understand how to balance risk minimisation with an individual's liberties as well as the inappropriate criminalisation of people with dementia is needed. The Misdemeanours and Transgressions Screener is a new tool to assess criminal risk behaviours.Forty-seven percent of patients with dementia show criminal risk behaviour after dementia onset.Behaviours included verbal abuse, traffic violations, physical assault.New onset of criminal risk behaviours>50 years is a clinical sign for frontotemporal dementia.

Inappropriate Sexual Behaviors in Dementia

This presentation aims to review the current literature and the management of inappropriate sexual behaviors in dementia (ISBD). ISBD are challenging to assess, manage and treat due to being of multifactorial etiology, involving stigma and consequences and with the limited treatment modalities present.Sexual disinhibition is uncommon but a challenging symptom to address in older adults with neurocognitive disorders. Due to the lack of large-scale studies, there is no gold standard treatment for sexual disinhibition, and treatment is primarily left up to the physician's discretion based on the severity and onset of the patient's symptoms. While sexual disinhibition can be an uncomfortable issue to address, it is important to prioritize the physical and mental health of the patient and those who may be impacted by the hypersexual acts. The medical provider must evaluate cases of sexual disinhibition in each patient carefully and only recommend pharmacological treatment when deemed necessary.The discussion will review the epidemiology, current literature, terminology, stigma and consequences, as well as the neurobiology, differential diagnosis and treatment modalities, including non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic guidelines based on evidence-based review.

Employee Green Behaviour in Pakistani Education Sector: Does Green Perceived Organisational Support Mediate the Relation between Green Human Resource Management and Employee Green Behaviours?

Human inappropriate behaviour is being criticised for changing the climate because it wastes resources, pollutes water and contaminates the air, thereby demeaning the environment. To contribute to the United Nations’ sustainable development goals for 2019, companies have begun to focus on green human resource initiatives to promote green perspectives in their employees. In this regard, green human resource management may assist companies in motivating their employees towards environmentally friendly practices, but green perceived organisational support remains unexplored in this context. To address this gap, based on the theory of planned behaviour, this study aims to investigate the effect of green human resource management on employee green behaviour through the mediation effect of green perceived organisational support in the higher education sector of Pakistan. The questionnaire survey was used to collect data from the employees of the higher education sector. Findings show that green human resource management is a strong predictor of employee green behaviour, while green perceived organisational support is a significant mediator between green human resource management and employee green behaviour. Theoretical implications and practical significance have been addressed in this study.

Longitudinal associations between inhibitory control, gratitude, and positive parenting during early childhood.

Children's inhibitory control, which refers to the capability to recognize social and task demands by suppressing inappropriate behavior, is a key element closely related to both external and internal issues in preschoolers. The protective roles of parenting factors and social and moral functions, such as gratitude, remain unknown in the mechanism of inhibitory control. The present study employed a general cross-lagged panel model to explore the relationships between positive parenting, child gratitude, and inhibitory control. The research design involved repeated measurements based on parents' reports on 373 Chinese preschoolers in Hong Kong (179 males, 182 females; Mage = 4.51, SD = 0.60). The cross-lagged panel model revealed that positive parenting at Time 1 (T1) was significantly associated with preschool children's gratitude but not with inhibitory control at Time 2 (T2). Conversely, child gratitude at T1 was positively associated with inhibitory control at T2. These findings underscore the impact of positive parenting on gratitude and the predictive role of gratitude on inhibitory control. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).