Inadequate Time Research Articles

Factors Responsible for Colleges of Education Students' Difficulty to Communicate Orally in French

The majority of Ghanaian French language students have wished that they speak some acceptable level of French in and out of their study institutions. This has however not been fruitful. This study set out to investigate the reasons for the difficulty in engaging in oral communication in the French language by French language students in colleges of education in Ghana. This quantitative study adopted the cross-sectional survey design. Out of 122 target participant populations, 93 students from the St John Bosco’s and the Gbewaa colleges of education provided responses to the questionnaire items. Data was analysed using Kendall’s coefficient of concordance to rank the factors responsible for students’ difficulty to communicate orally in French, from the most pressing factor to the least pressing factor. The study realized that fear of being mocked, interference of the English language and inadequate exposure to the French language were the most pressing reasons/factors responsible for college students’ inability to communicate orally in French while inadequate time allocation for French lessons and lack of encouragement from French teachers to speak French orally were among the least reasons for college students’ inability to speak French orally. It was therefore recommended that there is a need for pro-activeness on the part of French language tutors to frequently engage students in oral communication and also discourage students from mocking colleagues who might make mistakes in their efforts at oral speeches. Also, a deliberate policy by school authorities and the tutors alike to make French speaking attractive through reward schemes should be made available and students should be encouraged to form or create French language clubs which will provide them the platform to practise oral communication on campus to aid fluency in the French language.

Valuing behavioral interventions for obesity reduction: A scoping review of economic models

SummaryPolicymakers require health economic modeling to guide their decision‐making over the choice of interventions for obesity. This scoping review was undertaken to report on the health economic models in use for estimating the value of behavioral interventions (individual or population level) for obesity reduction. Electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, EconLit, and Web of Science) were searched for publications meeting inclusion criteria from January 2015 to May 2023. Seventy‐three studies were included, using 44 health economic models between them. When considered against the expert recommendations for modeling of this type, only four models (9%) met all five key elements. The element most commonly unfulfilled was the use of a microsimulation modeling approach (41%, n = 18), followed by model validation (46%, n = 20). A majority of models met each of the other elements: use of a lifetime horizon (59%, n = 26), inclusion of key health events (66%, n = 29), and a risk equation approach to event simulation (71%, n = 31). In addition, under half of the studies considered health inequalities in their reporting. Continued proliferation of models with inadequate time horizons, breadth of obesity‐related health conditions, and perspectives on costs and outcomes risks underestimation of the benefits of longer term interventions and impacts on health inequalities.

Screen Exposure in 4-Year-Old Children: Association with Development, Daily Habits, and Ultra-Processed Food Consumption.

This study aimed to investigate the association between child development, daily habits, and ultra-processed food consumption with screen exposure in 4-year-old children. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire that included sociodemographic data, the child's daily habits, and screenings for child development and eating habits. The daily screen exposure time (cell phone, computer, television, and/or tablet) was measured in minutes and classified as inadequate if >60 min. We conducted bivariate analyses and a generalized linear model. Overall, 362 caregivers-children pairs were investigated. The average screen time per child was 120 min (IQR: 120), and most of the children (71%) showed inadequate screen time for the age group. The longest screen time was associated with the lowest score in child development (β = -0.03; p = 0.01), an increased habit of eating in front of screens (β = 0.34; p < 0.001), and the highest score of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) (β = 0.05; p = 0.001). The sample showed a high prevalence of inadequate screen time, and this has been associated with the lowest score in child development, an increased habit of eating in front of screens, and the highest score of UPFs.

“Working is my me time”: Exploring the perception of me time among working mothers

Me time holds significance for personal enjoyment and relaxation, yet its exploration, particularly among Indonesian mothers, is limited. This qualitative study interviewed three full-time working mothers (aged 28, 30 and 36) to understand their perceptions in me time allocation before marriage, after marriage, and after having children. Thematic analysis identified six major themes: a) the importance of me time, b) factors hindering it, c) diverse interpretations, d) activities pursued, e) repercussions of inadequate me time, and f) coping strategies employed. This study underscores the significance of dedicating me time as a means to alleviate the stress experienced in day-to-day life. Maternal individuals exhibit an adaptive inclination to tailor their approach to personal time management in light of the demands imposed by motherhood. This research effectively accentuates the necessity of prioritizing me time to enhance holistic well-being and fortitude when confronted with maternal responsibilities.

Exploring the Practice of Training Needs Assessment towards Improving Quality Public Service Delivery: A Case of Tanzania Port Authority

This study was confined to explore and analyze the practice of Training Needs Assessment (TNA) within Tanzania Port Authority. Specifically, the study sought to assess the current practice of Training Needs Assessment (TNA) towards improving quality public service delivery at TPA, to identify the challenges in conducting effective TNA in the organization and to establish whether training that staff attend are aligned with the TNA for quality public service delivery improvement while the study was guided by McGhee and Thayer Model. The study used descriptive research design while simple random and purposive sampling technique was used to select 67 respondents form the target population of 147 staff. On the other hand, data were collected through questionnaire and interview and data was analyzed using descriptive and content analysis respectively. The study found that the organization conducted TNA and that the employees were involved during the process. Moreover, the findings reveal that the TNA does not effectively identify the employees’ skills gaps. The findings further showed that the major challenge that hinder effective TNA including lack of resources (time, budget). The study also indicated that training programs attended by staff were based on TNA results and that the skills acquired from training were relevant to job requirements, The study concluded that there is the practice of TNA at TPA despite the challenge of inadequate time. Therefore, the study recommends that allocating sufficient time and budgetary resources is crucial for supporting effective TNA activities.

Impact of training dairy farm personnel on milking routine compliance, udder health, and milk quality

Among various farm procedures, an appropriate milking routine is crucial for reducing mastitis and enhancing milk safety and quality. However, inadequate compliance with milking routines remains a primary factor contributing to variability of milk quality among herds. Training farm workers is essential for ensuring compliance with milking routines, which directly impacts milk quality and udder health. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of a training session on dairy farm workers' understanding of the milking routine, behavioral changes during milking, and subsequent effects on milk quality and udder health. Farm workers (n = 112) from 16 commercial dairy farms in Michigan and Ohio participated in the project. The training session was delivered using an active learning approach prioritizing group discussions, and focused on the pathogenesis, identification, and risk factors for mastitis, and the rationale and importance of each step in the milking routine. Pre- and post-training evaluations were conducted to measure changes in knowledge, parlor evaluations were performed to determine behavioral change, and data from clinical mastitis cases and bulk tank somatic cell count were used to estimate udder health and milk quality. Segmented and linear mixed regression analyses were used to assess the impact of the training intervention. Participants were mostly milking technicians (61.1%) with 70% of them having less than 1 year of experience and a median tenure in their jobs of 9 mo. Knowledge of the milking routine increased from 49.3% to 67.6% of correct answers after training. Based on parlor evaluations, the pre-milking disinfectant contact time increased by 9 s per cow. The percentage of milkings with inadequate preparation time decreased from 69% (before training) to 48% (after training). The proportion of insufficient teat coverage during post-milking disinfection decreased from 9.8% (77 out of 782) before training to 5.9% (34 out of 572) after training. There was a significant increase in clinical mastitis cases during the immediate week after the training. Additionally, the upward trend in bulk tank somatic cell count was halted. Our results suggest an improvement in overall mastitis identification and milk quality, underscoring the importance of targeted training programs for farm workers in improving milking routine compliance, enhancing milk quality, and promoting better udder health.

Evaluating the Teaching of Physical Science Practical Work at a Selected Resource-Constrained Secondary School in Rundu Circuit, Kavango East Region

This study evaluated the teaching of Physical Science practical work at a resource-constrained secondary school in the Rundu Circuit, Kavango East region in Namibia. The research objectives were to assess the impact of practical work on learners’ academic performance in a resource-constrained community, identify the challenges faced by both teachers and learners in conducting practical activities, and propose strategies to address these challenges and improve the overall quality of science education. A qualitative research design was employed, with data collected through semi-structured interviews involving four Physical Science teachers. The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis, with themes aligned to the research objectives. The findings revealed that the state of science practical work was poor due to a lack of sufficient laboratory equipment and resources. Other significant challenges identified included limited laboratory space, inadequate time allocation, overcrowded classrooms, a lack of motivation among learners, and insufficient background knowledge on practical work for learners. These challenges collectively impeded effective teaching and learning of science practical work. To overcome these issues, the study recommended providing adequate laboratory materials and constructing an additional laboratory to alleviate overcrowding. The study also further recommended the employment of laboratory technicians to assist teachers in organizing, planning and conducting practical activities more efficiently. Furthermore, the study suggested forming partnerships between schools to share laboratory facilities, as per Key Area 7 of the National Standard and Performance Indicators for Schools in Namibia, which emphasizes the importance of collaborative linkages within educational communities. By implementing these strategies, it was concluded that the quality of Physical Science practical work in resource-constrained schools could be significantly enhanced, leading to improved learner outcomes.

Communication skills of residents: are they as good as they think?

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the current communication skills of resident physicians and identify areas for improvement. Study design Using a cross-sectional design, data from medical students, residents, fellows, and faculty were assimilated at one of the largest academic medical centers in a low-and-middle-income country via a self-administered, validated survey with a 5-point LIKERT scale. One-way ANOVA was used to compare intra-group means, followed by the Bonferroni test, with a p-value <0.05 considered significant. Heat maps using means were generated and color-coded to signify the level of communication skills expertise. Results A total of 320 participants (119 residents, 34 fellows, 78 medical students and 89 attendings) completed the survey. Most residents (58%) reported not having received formal communication skills training. Major barriers impeding effective patient-resident communication were long working hours, inadequate time, and difficulty understanding patients’ language (p < 0.001). Residents’ self-evaluation of communication skills was significantly higher than observer evaluations from faculty, fellows, and students, reflecting a lack of self-awareness and overestimation of communication expertise. Observer cohorts rated residents moderately on para-verbal communication skills while giving the lowest ratings for breaking bad news (mean 2.8, p-value <0.001) and residents’ experience in dealing with workplace conflicts (mean 2.8, p-value = 0.023). Conclusions Our study identified a clear and critical need for a structured, longitudinal, competency-based communication skills program for residents. Targeted efforts towards bridging the gaps in communication skills identified in this study can improve trainee communication skills expertise and augment patient satisfaction rates to improve the quality of care in developing countries.

Barriers to implementing nursing evidence-based practice at the Palestinian Medical Complex: A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Background: The use of nursing evidence-based practice (EBP) has grown more and more important for healthcare professionals globally in their goal of delivering high-quality patient care. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess barriers to implementing EBP among Palestinian nurses at the Palestinian Medical Complex (PMC). Methods: The study was carried out at the PMC over the course of a month and employed a cross-sectional descriptive approach. Data were gathered from 100 nurses who satisfied the inclusion criteria by using convenient sampling. Barriers to the application of EBP were measured by the BARRIER Scale. Results: Participants identified key barriers such as inadequate time (62%, M ± SD: 3.34 ± 1.066) and lack of assistance (30%, M ± SD: 3.15 ± 1.029). Concerns included literature dispersion (45%, M ± SD: 3.23 ± 0.973), inadequate facilities (53%, M ± SD: 3.70 ± 1.010), and methodological issues (52%, M ± SD: 3.16 ± 1.012). In addition, 57% felt that research is published too slowly (M ± SD: 3.39 ± 0.898), 33% noted unjustified conclusions (M ± SD: 3.01 ± 0.882), and 35% highlighted a lack of replication (M ± SD: 3.07 ± 0.879). Conclusion: This study found that head nurses and men perceived more significant barriers to research quality, while individuals with baccalaureate degrees reported fewer barriers. There was an association between perceived barriers and age and work experience, indicating age as a positive predictor of barriers related to research quality.

Performance of delaying release and reducing adsorption of polyethyleneimine/poly(vinyl sulfonate) polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles in polyacrylamide/polyethyleneimine gel system

Polyacrylamide/Polyethyleneimine (HPAM/PEI) is an environmentally friendly and promising gel system. However, inadequate gelation time and retention of the cross-linker (polyethyleneimine, PEI) during migration pose significant challenges for effective water control treatment in deep reservoirs. Polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles (PECs) have demonstrated the ability to efficiently encapsulate PEI, facilitating for its gradual release. To achieve this, a cost-effective polyanionic complex, poly(vinyl sulfonate) (PVS), was employed to form PECs with PEI. By adjusting the mixing ratio of PEI and PVS, stable PECs suspensions with varying charges were successfully produced. These stable PECs exhibited spherical shapes with a particle size distribution ranging from 127.3–442.71 nm, and an average particle size of approximately 200 nm. The encapsulation efficiency of PEI by PECs varied from 64.56 % to 86.14 %. Under different conditions, 55.12 % to 90.26 % of PEI could be released from PECs. Increased temperatures, higher ionic strengths, and greater deviations in pH from the initial state of the PECs suspension all facilitated the release of PEI. The most stable PECs delayed the gelation time of the HPAM/PEI system to 9.5 days, which is twice the base gelation time of 4.5 days. The strength of mature HPAM/PEI (PECs) gels increased by 8.95 Pa in storage modulus (G′) compared to HPAM/PEI at the same concentration, albeit with a reduced linear viscoelastic region. And, the PECs-based delayed crosslinking method does not negatively affect the mechanical strength of the HPAM/PEI gel system, and thus its water control ability, under reservoir conditions. On the other hand, the static adsorption of PEI encapsulated by anionic PECs on sand decreased to one-fourth of that of free PEI (PEI solution). Additionally, the breakthrough of PEI encapsulated in anionic PECs in fractured sandstone cores was significantly advanced compared to free PEI.

Barriers to Bedside Teaching: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Survey of Students and Faculty

Objective: To identify the barriers to bedside teaching among students and clinical faculty. Study Design: Cross sectional comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Dec 2019 to Jun 2020. Methodology: The study participants included undergraduate students, postgraduate students and clinical faculty members. A self-designed questionnaire listing 25 common barriers to bedside teaching was distributed after pilot testing. Results: The total number of participants was 160, out of which 78(48.75%) were males, and 82(51.25%) were females. There were 40 respondents in each of the categories of consultants, postgraduate trainees and 80 in the undergraduate student category. Twenty consultants (50%) were from Medicine and Allied specialties, 10(25%) from Surgical and Allied specialties while 10(25%) did not mention their specialty. Majority of postgraduate trainees 33(82.5%) were from Medicine and Allied specialties. Significant difference (p-value=0.004) was revealed among students and faculty regarding barriers to bedside teaching. Bedside teaching was accorded more value by faculty (p-value=0.026). Faculty deemed ambiguity in curriculum as a more important barrier as compared to the students (p-value=0.037). Common barriers identified by students were inadequate time allocation (p-value&lt;0.001), large student groups (p-value&lt;0.001), performance pressure on faculty (p-value=0.004), lack of problem solving skill teaching (p-value=0.028) and insufficient feedback (p-value=0.044). Conclusion: Students as well as faculty value the role of bedside teaching in medical education but are cognizant of significant barriers in its execution. There are a number of common impediments that are narrated by both groups but students accord more importance to larger gro

Assessment of the research potential of healthcare specialists in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the implementation of clinical research: results of online questionnaires and self-assessments. Global crisis of clinical researcher shortage

The study aimed to identify and analyze the potential of practical healthcare professionals in terms of skills and knowledge for conducting clinical research in Kazakhstan, as well as to identify obstacles that may arise and cause the low involvement of specialists in research activities.Materials and methods. A specially developed questionnaire was conducted online. Various healthcare professionals (doctors, nurses, teachers of medical educational organizations) from all regions of Kazakhstan participated. By random sampling, 337 respondents answered the questions. Data was collected anonymously through Google Forms.Results and discussion. 29,7% respondents had participated in clinical research. Most respondents do not have sufficient knowledge in conducting clinical research; on average, 35% of respondents answered correctly. On average, respondents' self-assessment of knowledge and skills in choosing a study design, forming groups of study objects, collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data obtained during clinical trials, and performing statistical processing of results was 3 points (max = 5 points). A majority expressed a need for further training in clinical research. The main barriers to conducting clinical research were identified as lack of working time (44%), insufficient knowledge in conducting clinical research (34%), inaccessibility of educational programs (28%), lack of personal interest (27%), non-compliance of clinical base infrastructure (23%), difficulties in patient recruitment (20%), and the risk of losing professional autonomy (13%).Conclusions: The survey results show an unsatisfactory level of existing research potential of healthcare professionals in the organization and conduct of clinical research. the findings reveal a significant gap in the research potential of healthcare professionals in Kazakhstan. There is a lack of understanding of clinical research concepts, international standards, and local legislative requirements. The main obstacles are inadequate time for research, insufficient knowledge and experience, limited access to training, and low interest among professionals.

Registrars as teachers: a qualitative study exploring the experiences of Australian general practice registrars in teaching roles

BackgroundGP registrars (specialist vocational trainees in general practice) are interested in teaching, and there are considerable benefits to teaching during training. There are, however, significant barriers for registrars as teachers, including inadequate funding, time pressures, and limited teacher training. Current evidence does not include medical educator (ME) perspectives or compare teaching settings (e.g. university vs. in-practice). Further evidence is needed to inform programs supporting registrar teaching roles.This project aimed to explore the experiences of Australian GP registrars as teachers in different contexts and from multiple stakeholder perspectives.MethodsA qualitative study with GP registrars, GP supervisors, MEs, and medical students was conducted. Participants were registrars and new (within 12 months) Fellows with teaching experience during training, supervisors who supervised a registrar in the preceding 12 months, Royal Australian College of General Practitioner MEs, and medical students with experiences of being taught by registrars. Recruitment was open to participants nationwide and sampling was purposive, aiming for a maximum variation sample. Data collection was performed via videoconference and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.FindingsInterviews were conducted with 15 registrars, 10 supervisors, and one ME. Two focus groups involved four MEs and five medical students respectively. Registrar participants taught in a variety of settings, including in-practice, universities, hospitals, and at educational workshop days. Three had experience in GP academic posts and one as a registrar ME. There were four major themes. 1) Near-peer teaching by registrars is valuable - both for medical students and registrars. 2) Teaching makes you a better GP - participants noted the transferability of teaching skills to clinical practice. 3) The importance of the teaching context– this was identified as an important determinant for registrars in teaching roles. 4) Registrar teaching strengthens the GP workforce – participants noted that teaching could elevate general practice as a specialty and increase interest in GP training.ConclusionsStudy participants saw teaching as a core skill for GPs, with transferability to their clinical practice. Registrar participants wanted greater promotion and support for teaching opportunities that counted towards attainment of Fellowship. These findings have implications for teaching practices, MEs, universities, and training providers.

Multiple points of system failure underpin continuous subcutaneous infusion safety incidents in palliative care: A mixed methods analysis.

About 25% of palliative medication incidents involve continuous subcutaneous infusions. Complex structural and human factor issues make these risk-prone interventions. Detailed analysis of how this safety-critical care can be improved has not been undertaken. Understanding context, contributory factors and events leading to incidents is essential. (1) Understand continuous subcutaneous infusion safety incidents and their impact on patients and families; (2) Identify targets for system improvements by learning from recurrent events and contributory factors. Following systematic identification and stratification by degree of harm, a mixed methods analysis of palliative medication incidents involving continuous subcutaneous infusions comprising quantitative descriptive analysis using the PatIent SAfety (PISA) classification system and qualitative narrative analysis of free-text reports. Palliative medication incidents (n = 7506) reported to the National Reporting and Learning System, England and Wales (2016-2021). About 1317/7506 incidents involved continuous subcutaneous infusions with 943 (72%) detailing harms. Primary incidents (most proximal to patient outcomes) leading to inappropriate medication use (including not using medication when it was needed) were underpinned by breakdowns in three major medication processes: monitoring and supply (405, 31%), administration (383, 29%) and prescribing (268, 20%). Recurring contributory factors included discontinuity of care within and between settings, inadequate time, inadequate staffing and unfamiliarity with protocols. Psychological harms for patients and families were identified. System infrastructure is needed to enable timely supply of medication and equipment, effective coordinated use of continuous subcutaneous infusions, communication and continuity of care. Training is needed to improve incident descriptions so these pinpoint precise targets for safer care.

Capacitor Voltage Feedback Active Damping With Reduced Computation Delay for Improving Voltage Control Performance of LC‐Type Grid‐Forming Inverter

ABSTRACTIn low‐voltage applications using low‐Q LC filters, alias‐free capacitor voltage acquisition can be achieved, but synchronous capacitor voltage sampling under high‐Q filters used in high‐voltage applications in grid‐forming converters causes some degree of distortion and results in degradation of the power supply quality. And the inherent 1.5 sampling periods that delay in this approach limit the control bandwidth, reduce the stability region, and result in an inadequate time domain response. Despite these shortcomings, this approach is widely accepted in practice. The conclusion of this paper is that shifting the capacitor voltage sampling instant to 2 µs before the pulse width modulation (PWM) reference voltage update results in almost the same distortion as synchronous sampling. However, it can improve the dynamic performance of the system. A distortion‐acceptable univariate feedback voltage dual‐loop active damping control topology with much reduced computational delay is proposed, which is based on an internal active damping loop using a discrete lead compensator and a proportional resonance controller in the external voltage loop.

An evaluation of knowledge, attitudes, practice, and associated factors regarding oxygen therapy among resident doctors in a tertiary care teaching hospital: A mixed-methods study

BACKGROUND: Despite oxygen therapy guidelines, suboptimal practices prevail among front-line resident doctors, highlighting knowledge and attitudinal barriers. Mixed-methods research can inform tailored quality improvements. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of resident doctors regarding oxygen therapy, determine associated factors quantitatively, and explore experiences, barriers, and enablers qualitatively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a convergent parallel mixed-methods study conducted at a tertiary teaching hospital. An analytical cross-sectional survey of 410 resident doctors assessed knowledge, attitudes, and practices using a questionnaire. Qualitative phenomenology entailed in-depth interviews with 30 participants analyzing experiences and perspectives. Integration enabled corroborating and complementing findings. Logistic regression analysis and thematic analysis were used to make themes and subthemes. RESULTS: Most demonstrated suboptimal knowledge (78% or 320/410 good), attitudes (61.7% or 253/410 positive), and practices (47.8% or 196/410 good). Significant factors were gender, experience, workload perceptions, and device familiarity. Males had 5.5 times higher odds of good knowledge (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 5.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.25–10). Those perceiving workload impact had 13 times higher odds of positive attitudes (AOR 13, 95% CI 9.4–20.9). Qualitative themes highlighted inadequate skills and time constraints as barriers and protocolization and decision tools as enablers. CONCLUSION: Gaps exist in knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding oxygen therapy among resident doctors attributable to varied factors. Tailored quality improvement strategies addressing demonstrated barriers, such as enablement workshops, order set integration, and pulse oximetry audits, are recommended based on mixed-methods insights.

Sports talent identification and development in Tanzanian secondary schools: what are the constraints and negotiation strategies?

ABSTRACT Secondary schools are regarded as vehicles for spotting and developing students’ sports talent. Some constraints often prevent students from developing their sports talent. Since there is hardly any study conducted to establish negotiation strategies toward alleviating the constraints for developing students’ sports talent, this study therefore, based on qualitative research conducted in seven public secondary schools in Tanzania, determined the constraints and negotiation strategies toward identifying and developing sports talent. The study identified several constraints including inappropriate considerations of diversity for students in sports programmes, inappropriate sequence and supervision of sports programmes, limited sports facilities and equipment, competitive atmosphere as well as inadequate human resources and time allotted for sports talent programmes. Similarly, increasing the supply of human, physical and time resources, ensuring practices with consideration of training hours and strategic planning with adherence to sports policy were identified as the negotiation strategies toward alleviating the constraints toward sports talent identification and development.

Some for a Good Time, Some for a Long Time: Women’s Ratings of the Mate Value of Men with Different Addictions – An Experimental Study

Background: The present study aimed to explore women’s perception of men with different addictions in terms of their short- and long-term mate value. Objectives: 2,525 women (age range: 18–40, M = 28.35, SD = 6.39) were randomized to six conditions in a vignette-based experiment where a male of otherwise high mating value was described as suffering from either gambling, gaming, cannabis, anabolic androgenic steroid, and alcohol addiction or as not suffering from addiction (control). Results: Regarding long-term mate value of the target, the control target was rated higher than each of the targets. The gaming target was rated higher than the alcohol, cannabis, and gambling targets. Finally, the AAS target was rated as higher on long-term mate value than the alcohol and gambling addiction targets. Conclusions: Overall, women seem to perceive risk-taking in the face of uncertainty, reflected by gambling addiction, as an attractive behavioral tendency in men in terms of short-term mating. In contrast, potential long-term mates with gaming or chemical addictions are viewed more negatively, probably because it signals inadequate time and resources to be invested in a relationship.

Chronic Pain Management Approaches among Spanish Physiotherapists: Influences, Practices, Barriers, and Challenges.

This study evaluated Spanish physiotherapists' orientations toward biopsychosocial and biomedical approaches in chronic pain management through a cross-sectional survey of 447 registered professionals. Validated questionnaires assessed knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) identified influential factors and ordinal regression determined the frequency of biopsychosocial application. Content analysis of open-ended responses explored barriers to biopsychosocial implementation. Over 50% of physiotherapists favored the biopsychosocial model, influenced by interdisciplinary work settings, advanced pain knowledge, and specific training. Comprehensive pain knowledge significantly impacted both biomedical and biopsychosocial orientations inversely. The biomedical approach was more prevalent among those with lower education levels and less pain knowledge, particularly at the beginning or over 20 years into their careers. Despite the theoretical preference for biopsychosocial among Spanish physiotherapists, practical application was infrequent, with only 9.8% always using it and 40.7% frequently. Self-reported confidence and skills were crucial determinants of biopsychosocial implementation frequency. Significant barriers included inadequate psychological skills (63.6%), coordination challenges (47.6%), time constraints (43.6%), patient misconceptions (34.2%), and systemic issues. These findings align with international research, highlighting the need to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and clinical practice. Addressing these challenges through targeted training and systemic reforms is crucial for improving chronic pain management globally.

Outcomes of inadequate empiric therapy and timing of newer antibacterial therapy in hospitalized adults with culture-positive Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a multicenter analysis

BackgroundInfections caused by multi-drug resistant Gram-negative pathogens are associated with worse clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. We evaluated hospital outcomes based on adequacy of overall and newer antibacterial therapy for Enterobacterales (ENT) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PsA) in US patients.MethodsHospitalized adults ≥ 18 years old with facility-reported antibiotic susceptibility from 2018–2022 across 161 facilities in the BD Insights Research Database were identified as ENT- or PsA-positive. Generalized linear mixed models were used to evaluate the impact of inadequate empiric therapy (IET) and time to initiate newer antibacterials (ceftazidime-avibactam; ceftolozane-tazobactam; cefiderocol; meropenem-vaborbactam; eravacycline; and imipenem-cilcastatin-relebactam) on hospital mortality and post-culture length of stay (LOS).ResultsAmong 229,320 ENT and 36,027 PsA susceptibility results, 1.7% and 16.8% were carbapenem non-susceptible (carb-NS), respectively. Median time to first susceptibility result was longer for carb-NS vs. carb susceptible in ENT (64 h vs. 48 h) and PsA (67 h vs. 60 h). For ENT, IET was associated with significantly higher mortality (odds ratio [OR],1.29 [95% CI, 1.16–1.43, P < 0.0001]) and longer hospital LOS (14.8 vs. 13.3, P < 0.0001). Delayed start to newer antibacterial therapy was associated with significantly greater hospital mortality for ENT (P = 0.0182) and PsA (P = 0.0249) and significantly longer post-culture LOS for ENT (P < 0.0001) and PsA (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsOverall, IET and delayed use of newer antibacterials are associated with significantly worse hospital outcomes. More rapid identification of high-risk patients can facilitate adequate therapy and timely use of newer antibacterials developed for resistant Gram-negative pathogens.