Inadequate Level Of Knowledge Research Articles

Conocimientos generales y actitudes hacia la donación de órganos en una muestra de estudiantes mexicanos de medicina y de enfermería

Introducción: muchas personas tienen en el trasplante de órganos su única alternativa para lograr sobrevivir con una buena calidad de vida. Sin embargo, existe una gran escasez de órganos para trasplantes, y México posee una de las tasas más bajas de donación. El personal de medicina y de enfermería está en contacto con los familiares de los posibles donadores y son personas clave para facilitar el proceso de donación de órganos post mortem. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar el conocimiento y las actitudes hacia la donación de órganos en estudiantes mexicanos de medicina y enfermería. Materiales y métodos: trescientos ochenta y cuatro estudiantes contestaron dos cuestionarios: uno sobre conocimientos y otro sobre actitudes hacia la donación de órganos. Resultados: los participantes mostraron un nivel de conocimiento inadecuado, especialmente los estudiantes de enfermería. Muchos de ellos creían que es posible recuperarse de la muerte cerebral. La mayoría de los estudiantes creen erroneamente que hay un límite de edad para donar y que las religiones que prevalecen en México se oponen a la donación de órganos. Hubo una correlación negativa entre conocimientos y actitudes desfavorables hacia la donación de órganos. Conclusiones: es necesario revisar los programas de estudio, a fin de asegurar que los futu- ros profesionales de la salud estén adecuadamente preparados para promover la donación y reducir la escasez de órganos.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Health Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Stem Cell Collection, Preservation & its Benefits among Student Nurses of Selected Nursing Colleges of Vadodara

Background of the Study: Stem cell transplantation is a life saving procedure for a number of malignantand non- malignant life threatening diseases. They are characterized by the ability to renew themselvesthrough mitotic cell division and differentiate into a diverse range of specialized cell types. It is beneficial forlater stage in life. In this study an evaluative research approach with pre-experimental research design wasused, data was collected from 100 student nurses belongs to selected colleges of Vadodara city.Objectives of the Study: 1. Assess the existing knowledge regarding stem cell collection, preservation & itsbenefits among student. 2. Determine effectiveness of health teaching on stem collection, preservation & itsbenefits. 3. Find out the association between pre-test knowledge scores and selected demographic variables.Material and Method: In this research study an evaluative research approach with pre-experimental onegroup pre-test-post-test design is used. The sampling techniques was non probability convenience samplingis used to collect the 100 samples of student nurses and data collection done by administering the structuredquestionnaire. Data was analyzed by using descriptive and interferential statistics.Result: With regards to the pre test assessment, the score of (41%) student nurses having moderate levelof knowledge and (59%) student nurses having inadequate knowledge while in post test (18%) of studentnurses having moderate level of knowledge and (82%) having adequate level of knowledge nobody wasfound at the inadequate level. The obtained “t” test value 43.10 is grater then table value,at the DF=99which is significant at 0.05 level. It indicates that there is increased in the level of knowledge regardingstem cell collection, preservation & its benefits after providing HTP. Hence,Hypothesis H1 accepted. Theassociation of pretest knowledge score was only associate with the age, education level, gender and sourceof information others are not associate. Hence, H2 is rejected and conclude that the pretest knowledge scoreis not associated with the demographic variable of the samples in this study.Discussion and Conclusion: The findings of the study concluded that majority of student nurses werehaving inadequate level of knowledge & the health teaching programme was effective among student nursesregarding stem cell collection, preservation & its benefits.

Clinical supervision coaching program for head nurses and its relation to their professional identity

Background: While formal education and training establish the basis for new leadership roles, coaching helps the nurse manager to put this training into use.Aim: To explore the effect of clinical supervision coaching program in relation to head nurses’ professional identity.Methods: Quasi-experimental research design was employed in conducting the study. This study was conducted at Menoufia University Hospitals, Egypt. A group of (41) head nurses and a group of (205) staff nurses were selected for this study. Three tools were used; Knowledge questionnaire about clinical supervision, clinical supervision effectiveness scale and professional identity questionnaire.Results: The majority of the studied head nurses had inadequate levels of knowledge (95.1%) and clinical supervision effectiveness (65.9%) at the pre coaching phase and had significantly improved in the post and follow up phases. Professional identity was also low (80.5%) at the pre coaching phase and had significantly improved after coaching.Conclusions: There was a positive correlation between the head nurse’s clinical supervision knowledge and effectiveness and their professional identity at all study phases. Coaching was effective in improving clinical supervision and professional identity.Implications: It is recommended that coaching be used to support head nurses in a wide range of situations: orientation as a new nurse manager, support during role transitions, during new initiatives and during changing responsibilities as well as for ongoing development and succession planning that maximize their professional capabilities.

Knowledge and Awareness of Diabetes Mellitus Disease among High School Students in King Abdulaziz Military City, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND: Saudi Arabia is considered to be one of the highest countries in the Middle East for the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM). Data are lacking regarding knowledge and awareness about DM among school students in Saudi Arabia.
 AIM: The study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and awareness of DM among high school students within the military city, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
 METHODS: A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted among 278 high school students applying a convenience sampling technique. The sample size was calculated using OpenEpi, Version 3. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to the high school students (male and female) after official communication with the school’s dean. The level of knowledge and awareness was categorized into “adequate” and “inadequate” as per each topic/question, and also as per each response/answer. Data entry and analysis were carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Pearson’s Chi-square tests were performed to explore if there is any significant association between the knowledge and awareness level of the high school students and their (i) gender, (ii) age, and (iii) level of education.
 RESULTS: More than half of the high school students had adequate level of knowledge and awareness about DM in terms of symptoms (67.3%), complications (56.5%), monitoring method (62.6%), lifestyle modifications (63.7%), frequency of routine eye check-up (63.3%), important factors for blood sugar control (79.1%), treatment (56.5%), and management of hypoglycemia symptoms (57.6%). On the contrary, a large number of the students showed inadequate level of knowledge and awareness about the disease in terms of definition (80.6%), major causes (57.9%), effect of high blood pressure (51.8%), frequency of routine blood pressure check-up (55%), rationale of a regular urine test (58.3%), medication for DM (66.9%), and duration of medication (69.8%). However, no significant associations were found between the knowledge and awareness level of the high school students about the definition or major causes of DM and the (i) gender, (ii) age group, and (iii) level of education of the students.
 CONCLUSION: The level of knowledge and awareness of a considerable number of high school students regarding DM was inadequate, and some of them possessed various misconceptions about this particular chronic disease. Health authorities and school authorities in the region should offer special efforts to improve the level of knowledge and awareness of the students through regular health education campaigns.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of SOP on Knowledge and Practice Regarding Nursing Management of Patient During Hemodialysis Procedure among Staff Nurses of Dhiraj Hospital, Vadodara

Background: Chronic kidney disease affected 753 million people globally in 2016, including 417 million females and 336 million males.1 So it is important to enhance the knowledge and practice regarding nursing management of patient during hemodialysis among staff nurses. Method: Quantitative research approach with pre-experimental one group pre-test and post-test design was adopted and sample was selected by using non-probability convenience sampling technique which consists of 90 samples. Aself-structured knowledge questionnaires and practice checklist was prepared to assess the knowledge and practice of staff nurses. Result: With regards to the pre-test knowledge, the score of 19 (21.1%) staff nurses had adequate level of knowledge and 71(78.9%) had inadequate knowledge, while in post-test 80(88.9%) had excellent knowledge, 4(4.4%)had inadequate level of knowledge and 6(6.7%) of them had adequate knowledge. The obtained pretest mean score was 8.61 and after providing SOP it increased to 13.83, the mean difference of the pre-test and post-test was 5.22. The standard deviation (SD) of pre-test & post-test was 35.99 & 18.8. The obtained paired “t” test value was 43.57, significant at 0.05 level. Whereas the pre-test score of practice shown 51 (56.67%) had inadequate practice and 39 (43.33%) had adequate practice, the post-test data reveals that 80 (88.9%) had excellent score towards practice. The obtained pre-test practice of mean score was 8.68 and post-test of practice mean score was 13.88 of staff nurses. The mean difference of the pre test and post test of practice score was 5.2 the pre-test SD of practice score was 0.89 and post-test SD 0.79 the obtained paired ‘t’ test value 45.11, shows significant at 0.05 level. It indicates that there was increased in the level of knowledge and practice towards nursing management of patient during hemodialys is after providing SOP. Conclusion: The findings of the study concluded that majority of staff nurses were having inadequate level of knowledge and average practice. The SOP was effective among staff nurses in improving knowledge (t (89) = 43.57) and practice score (t (89) =45.11) significant at 0.05 level regarding nursing management of patient during hemodialysis.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Acute Coronary Syndrome Algorithm on Nursing Management of Patient with Acute Coronary Syndrome among Staff Nurse of Selected Hospital Waghodia

Background: In the Asia for more than 4.2 billion populations is suffer with the ACS. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is now a major cause of death in the hospital the mortality is more than 5%.1 So it is important to enhance the knowledge and practice regarding ACS algorithm among staff nurses. Method: Qualitative research approach with pre- experimental one group pre-test and post-test design with non-probability convenience sampling was used to collect the 70 samples. A structured knowledge questionnaires and Practice checklist was prepared to assess the knowledge and practice of staff nurses. Result: With regards to the pre-test assessment the score of 24(34%) subject was having moderate level of knowledge and 46(66%) subjects were having inadequate knowledge while in post-test 5(7%) of subject having moderate level of knowledge and 65(93%) subject having adequate level of knowledge The obtained pre-test mean score was 7.14 and post- test mean score was 15.24 the mean difference of the pre-test and post- test is 8.10 which shows the improvement in the level of knowledge among subjects, The pre-test SD was 1.35 and post- test SD 1.33 The obtained pair “t” test value 33.270, df=69 significant at 0.05 level. Whereas the pre-test score of practice shows 23(32.85%) subjects had inadequate practice and 47(67.14%) subjects had moderate practice, the post test data revels that 24(34.28%) subjects were had moderate practice and 46(65.71%) subjects had adequate practice towards ACS. The obtained pair “t” test value 27.790, df=69 shows significant at 0.05 level. It indicates that there was increased in the level of knowledge and improves practice towards acute coronary syndrome after providing nursing care algorithm. So that H1 research hypothesis accepted. The pre-test practice score had not significant association all demographic variable so H2 research hypothesis was rejected. Conclusion: The findings of the study concluded that majority of subjects had inadequate level of knowledge and adequate practice. The nursing care ACS algorithm was effective among staff nurses in improving knowledge (t (69) = 33.270) and practice (t (69) = 27.790) significant at 0.05 level regarding acute coronary syndrome.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of community pharmacists toward the management of acne vulgaris in Palestine: a cross-sectional study.

Acne vulgaris (AV) is a common dermatological disease affecting almost 85% of teenagers. Patients with AV usually present at community pharmacies during the early stages of their disease. The aim of this study was to assess community pharmacists' knowledge, attitudes, and practice toward AV management in West Bank in Palestine. This study was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. The questionnaire included four sections: 1)demographic, 2)knowledge, 3)attitude and practice items related causes, and 4)treatment options and counseling during management of patients with AV. A convenience sampling method was implemented in this study. Parametric and non-parametric tests were used to compare different issues as appropriate. P<0.05 were considered significant. A total of 270 community pharmacists were interviewed, and more than half (54.1%) were males. The study revealed that community pharmacists had an inadequate level of knowledge on management of AV; only 7.7% had high levels of knowledge. Pharmacists have positive attitude regarding AV management, but inadequate knowledge was reflected on their treatment practices; only 10% of participants independently dealt with AV without referral. Pharmacists with a low level of knowledge showed five times more referrals than those with a high level of knowledge (OR: 5.3; P<0.001), and those with a bachelor degree showed three timesmore referrals than postgraduates (OR: 3.3; P<0.001). There is a demand to update dermatological knowledge of community pharmacists and encourage them to attend structured training programs about the management of AV.

Quality of training in oral health educational programs: What do primary healthcare providers think?

INTRODUCTION:Due to changes in scientific findings and assigned tasks, continuing education and other enabling programs are increasingly critical for primary healthcare providers to keep them up-to-date in delivering oral health services. Planning these educational courses based on actual PHCPs' needs is fundamental to provide effective ones. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the experiences and needs of PHCPs regarding the quality of the oral health training provided in continuing education and other enabling courses.SUBJECTS AND METHODS:A qualitative study with content analysis approach was conducted in Najaf-Abad, Isfahan, Iran, in 2017. Data were gathered through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 19 primary healthcare providers. The sampling was started with purposeful method and continued through snowball method. Qualitative data were coded and analyzed using MAXQDA (VER 12).RESULTS:Factors affecting the quality of oral health training were categorized into three themes and nine subthemes, including instructor's related factors (knowledge, skills, and relevant experiences), educational content (content relevance, content innovation, and content update), and teaching methods and educational tools (fitting educational contents, covering learners' needs, and considering available possibilities).CONCLUSION:Instructors with inadequate level of knowledge, skills, and relevant experiences as well as inappropriate selection of educational content, teaching methods, and educational tools, were recognized as affecting factors on the quality of oral health training and effectiveness of continuous education and enabling programs.

Text neck syndrome prevalence and knowledge among the Saudi population in Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

Background: Text neck syndrome, known as repetitive stress pain, is an injury that results from extreme watching or texting on handheld devices for an extended period of time. The use of mobile phones is increasing rapidly, and people spend long hours on them that also leads to other musculoskeletal problems. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and knowledge of residents toward Text neck syndrome in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional online survey among the Saudi population in Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire contained socio-demographic information and questions to assess the awareness and prevalence of Text neck syndrome. Results: A total of 385 Jazan residents responded to this questionnaire. Among them, 50.1% were in the age group between 21 and 30 years, 61% used smartphones for more than 5 hours per day, 90.1% were aware of the harms of using smartphones, while only 14.8% had previously heard about Text neck syndrome. Among the participants, 47.2% agreed that it was multi-factorial. Although 1.6% of the participants were diagnosed with this syndrome, 80.5% of the responders had more than one symptom using smartphones. About 93% of the responders believed that they should reduce using smartphones because of their symptoms. The average knowledge score was 6.4 ± 3.2, out of 15 points. Factors significantly correlated to high knowledge levels included age between 31 and 40 years (p-value = 0.023), higher educational level (p-value < 0.001), living in cities (p-value = 0.043), hearing previously about Text neck syndromes (p-value = 0.002), and being diagnosed with this syndrome (p-value = 0.013). Conclusion: Text neck syndrome is underdiagnosed in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. This can be due to the inadequate level of knowledge of the public about this syndrome.

Physician\u2019s knowledge and opinions on human papillomavirus vaccination: a cross-sectional study, Saudi Arabia

BackgroundIn a transition period of prevention strategy against HPV infection and cervical cancer in Saudi Arabia, it becomes necessary to appraise physicians’ preparedness to undertake the inherent actions and responsibilities, by evaluating their knowledge and opinions regarding HPV infection and vaccine.MethodsA cross-sectional study carried out between Jan 2017 and Nov 2018, included 2000 physicians working in 21 public centers from the five regions of Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess physicians’ perception about HPV infection prevalence (1 item), knowledge about HPV infection and vaccine (9 items), and opinions and attitudes toward vaccine (4 items). A knowledge score (range 0–9) was calculated and adequate knowledge was assumed for a score ≥ median. Factors associated with opinions and attitudes were explored and multivariate regression was used to analyze independent factors of inadequate knowledge (score < median).ResultsMajority of the participants replied correctly to all knowledge questions, and 63.0% perceived HPV infection as a frequently encountered infection. Median knowledge score was 8 and 62.0% had adequate knowledge (score ≥ 8). Inadequate knowledge was independently associated with Saudi nationality (OR = 1.51, p = 0.003), practice level (resident: OR = 3.53, p < 0.001; junior OR = 1.67, p = 0.002), and non Ob-Gyne specialty (OR = 5.40, p < 0.001); in addition to disparities across region and age. Among the participants, 7.6% were immunized and 41.2% accepted to receive the vaccine, while majority were favorable to have their children vaccinated (77.6%) and to include HPV vaccine in the local immunization program (69.6%). Self-perceived underexposure to HPV infection (58.5%), lack of knowledge about the vaccine (21.1%) and being sexually inactive (14.7%) were the most frequently reported reasons for refusing the vaccine. Overall negative attitude regarding vaccine was typically associated with male, older, Saudi, senior consultant in other than Ob/Gyn specialty. Inadequate knowledge level as well as lowly perceived prevalence of HPV infection were associated with less favorable attitude to vaccination.ConclusionsMore specific educational interventions are warranted to trigger physicians’ active engagement in the fight against HPV infection and cervical cancer. Such interventions should demystify the HPV vaccine by exposing its efficacy, availability and safety, along with providing practical information about the vaccination procedure and goals to achieve successful prevention strategy.

Knowledge of Australian primary education providers towards dental avulsion injuries: a cross-sectional study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of school professionals regarding the emergency management of dental avulsion. This cross-sectional study utilised a self-administered, pilot-tested questionnaire for school staff from primary schools. Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis - the prevalence and univariate associations between a categorical outcome and the variables under consideration, were evaluated using Pearson's Chi-squared test. This survey yielded a response rate of 43.5% (n=313). Approximately 60% of participants held valid first-aid certificates and 23% had received avulsion advice previously. Over 80% of participants expressed an unwillingness to replant an avulsed tooth, and over 90% believed that there should be greater awareness in this area. This unwillingness to replant was influenced by respondents' age (x2=8.13 df=3, P=0.043) and receiving advice previously (x2=13.15, df=1, P<0.001). Under-preparedness was related to years of experience (x2=15.03, df=5, P=0.010), first-aid training (x2=6.41, df=1, P=0.011) and receiving advice previously (x2=43.47, df=1, P<0.001). It was also evident that first-aid training positively influenced appropriate dental referral in the management pathway (x2=10.49, df=1, P=0.001). This study suggests that there is an inadequate level of knowledge on the appropriate management of dental avulsion injuries amongst primary school professionals in Australia.

Medical, Dental, and Nursing Students' Knowledge about Early Childhood Oral Health Care.

Gaps in knowledge of physicians and nurses about early childhood oral health care were reported and are likely due to the poorly focused education on oral health issues; therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge level of Qassim University medical, dental and nursing students about early childhood oral health care and its relation to demographic variables, students’ perceived knowledge, satisfaction with their knowledge and interest in further education about the topic. A total of 571 medical, dental, and nursing students received a questionnaire that included demographic questions, questions to assess knowledge level of the students about early childhood oral health care, and questions to assess their perceived knowledge level, satisfaction with their knowledge and interest in further education about the topic. Results of the study revealed that knowledge of dental students was highest (score 7.72 out of 10) followed by nursing students (4.79), and medical students (4.43). Additionally, students with a higher level of perceived knowledge were more likely to score higher. In view of the inadequate knowledge level of medical and nursing students about early childhood oral health care when compared to dental students, improvements in medical and nursing education programs are necessary at Qassim University.

Nutritional Knowledge and Practice among Patients with Non-communicable Diseases Attending Mbale Regional Referral Hospital in Eastern Uganda: A Cross Sectional Study

Aim: To determine nutritional knowledge and practices among patients with Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) attending Mbale Regional Referral hospital, in Eastern Uganda.&#x0D; Study Design: A mixed methods cross sectional study design was used.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Mbale Regional Referral Hospital among patients attending the NCD clinic from May to July 2017.&#x0D; Methodology: Two hundred sixty clients were recruited for the study. Quantitative data was collected through structured administered questionnaires. Quantitative data was analyzed at univariate, bivariate and multivariate levels. Chi square test and logistic regression were used to determine the association between nutrition knowledge and utilization. Qualitative data was coded first and summarized according to the themes.&#x0D; Results: The mean age of the respondents was 55 years (SD= 14) and hospital was the main source of nutrition information (n=156, 60%). Most respondents (n=156, 60%) had a high level of nutrition knowledge, however only 48.8% (n=127) were utilizing the knowledge. Those who had attained secondary level of education were 2.308 more likely to utilize the nutrition knowledge than those who had never studied P value of .028, 95CI (1.093-4.874). Those with tertiary education were even 9.261 times more likely to utilize the knowledge P value &lt;.001 95CI (2.721-31.522). Those with adequate knowledge were about 1.6 times most likely to utilize the nutrition knowledge compared to those with inadequate knowledge level, however, with the adjusted odd ratio of 1.573 at 95% CI (0.923- 2.868) the results were not statistically significant (P value .098).&#x0D; Conclusion: NCD patients had adequate knowledge, with a few of them utilizing the knowledge. High education level was associated with better nutrition practices.

Knowledge on Maternal-Fetal Transmission of HIV in Pregnant Women

HIV or Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a virus affecting immune system consisting of white blood cells and lymphocytes called “T-4 cell” or “CD-4 cell” which fights infection. The fetus may easily contract the disease from mother with HIV and inflamed placenta. The study aimed to identify knowledge on mother-to-child transmission of HIV in pregnant women with HIV. The study design was quantitative with descriptive phenomenology approach and analysis by Colaizzi method. The study involved 9 participants. This study identified 7 themes including: 1) knowledge about HIV, 2) treatment of pregnant mothers with HIV during, 3) sources that support prevention of HIV, 4) information sources, 5) barrier in prevention, 6) how to deal with barrier, and 7) impact of HIV on fetus. Participants demonstrated inadequate level of knowledge about HIV transmission to fetus based on the identified themes. These findings may be beneficial for further studies and in development of health service programs for pregnant women, especially pregnant women with HIV.  Â

Nursing Performance Regarding Immediate Management of Carotid Artery Rupture

Background: Patients with head and neck cancer are in danger of creating carotid artery rupture that may cause life-threatening problems and death Aim: to assess the nursing performance regarding immediate management of carotid artery rupture. Study design: A descriptive research design was utilized in this study. Setting: The study was conducted in the critical care unit at south Egypt cancer institute at Assiut University hospital. Sample: A convenience sample of all available nurses (forty nurses) Tools: two tools were used for data collection, Nurses' knowledge assessment and observational checklist. Results: The majority of studied nurses (80%) were having an unsatisfactory level of knowledge regarding carotid artery rupture. Conclusion: Nurses` knowledge regarding carotid artery rupture and practice regarding immediate care of carotid artery rupture in critical care unit at south Egypt cancer institute at Assiut University hospital is unsatisfactory and have an inadequate level of knowledge and practice. Recommendation: Nurses need for in-service training programs to improve their knowledge and practice regarding the management of carotid artery rupture.

Factores asociados a anemia en la gestación en Huánuco, 2018

Objetivo. Determinar la asociación entre nivel de conocimiento de anemia, el estado nutricional, nivel socioeconómico – culturales y anemia en gestantes que hayan sido atendidas en establecimientos de salud pertenecientes a la Red Huánuco en el 2018. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, transversal, r multicéntrico, de gestantes atendidas en 3 establecimientos pertenecientes a la red Huánuco durante los 3 últimos meses del 2018. Se realizó el análisis de datos mediante el IBM SSPSS versión 23, para determinar las asociaciones entre la anemia y las variables independientes (nivel de conocimiento, estado nutricional y nivel socioeconómico cultural). Resultados. Se evaluaron 278 participantes. Se encontró que mujeres encuestadas el 38,80% tienen alguna clase de educación superior, y 1,40% de mujeres que no tuvieron instrucción alguna. El 80,60% son de procedencia urbana y solo un 9,70% percibe ingresos superiores a la remuneración mínima vital, además, hallamos una prevalencia de 19,40% de anemia. Se encontró asociación entre la anemia y nivel socioeconómico cultural (p=0,016; IC95%) donde la mayoría de las que padecían anemia tienen una categorización por debajo de la media (16,90%). La relación entre anemia y nivel de conocimiento fue significativa (p=0,000; IC95%) siendo que un 11,50% tenían anemia y un nivel de conocimientos inadecuados. Conclusiones. La anemia gestacional en Huánuco está asociados al nivel de conocimientos y nivel socioeconómico – cultural.

Knowledge on pulmonary tuberculosis among Dalit community of Bharatpokhari VDC of Kaski district, Nepal

Background: Tuberculosis still remains public health problems in Nepal. Previous studies among marginalized ethnic groups suggest that being poor increases the risk of tuberculosis. Dalit communities are those communities in Nepal, backward in social, economic and educational fields and are not excluded from the risk of tuberculosis. The objective of the study was to determine the level of knowledge on pulmonary tuberculosis among Dalit community of Bharatpokhari VDC of Kaski.Methods: Community based cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the level of knowledge on pulmonary tuberculosis among Dalit community of Bharatpokhari VDC, Kaski from January 2010 to July 2010. Samples were taken randomly from different wards of the VDC. Data was collected by using pretested structured questionnaire by home to home visit of age 15-49 years. Data was collected from 15th January 2010 to 15th May 2010.Results: Study revealed that 29% respondents had adequate level of knowledge on pulmonary tuberculosis. The factor, education status was associated with level of knowledge on pulmonary tuberculosis on bivariate analysis (p=0.005).Conclusions: More than two third of the respondents had inadequate level of knowledge on pulmonary tuberculosis. Thus, recommends for the awareness programme on pulmonary tuberculosis. The education status and level of knowledge on pulmonary tuberculosis was significantly associated on bivariate analysis, and recommends for improvement in the education status of dalit community would be beneficial.

Level of Knowledge About Neonatal Danger Signs and Determinant Factors Among Recently Delivered Mothers in Mekedella Woreda, Northeast Ethiopia 2018: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Neonatal mortality remains the major public health problem of Ethiopia. The problem is mothers' low level of health seeking behavior, which might be due to their inadequate level of knowledge about neonatal danger sign. This study was conducted with the aim of assessing mothers' level of knowledge and associated factors of neonatal danger sign in Mekedella woreda, Northeast Ethiopia. Methodology: A community based cross-sectional study was employed from October 23 to November 17, 2018 on 728 participants that selected by Stratified simple random sampling technique. Data were collected by a pre-tested interview administered questionnaire, entered to Epi data version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Independent predictors of women's level of knowledge were identified by multivariable logistic regression analysis. Result: Among 728 respondents, only 28.2 % (205) of mothers were knowledgeable about neonatal danger sign. Attended secondary education (AOR=4.22), Urban residence (AOR=2.62), attended 2-3 ANC visit (AOR= 2.38), delivered in health center & Hospital (AOR=3.75) & (AOR=2.56) respectively, Attended PNC visit(AOR=4.23), higher decision-making ability of women to seek neonatal health care (AOR=3.13), Immunization status of infant (AOR=2.9), heard from Health worker about neonatal ganger sign (AOR=3.6), had history of neonatal death (AOR=4) were significant predictor of women's level of knowledge on newborn danger sign. Conclusion: Women education, health service utilization by mothers before, during and after delivery and the health education given when mothers come to pregnancy related services showed positive impact on their knowledge of neonatal danger signs. Therefore, educating mothers about neonatal danger sign should be strengthened. Funding Statement: The authors declare: Not applicable. Declaration of Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: Ethical clearance was obtained from the Research and Ethics Committee of Jimma University, College of Medicine and Health science. Respondents were informed about the objective of the study and Verbal consent was taken for the willingness of patients to participate. Participants’ identity was kept anonymous throughout the data collection and analysis process. Verbal consent was approved and accepted by the department ethical committee.

Awareness of Physicians and Clinical Pharmacists About ACC/AHA Guidelines for Dyslipidemia Management: A Cross-Sectional Study.

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although genetics could contribute to the incidence of CVD, they are mostly acquired conditions. Management of precipitating factors such as hyperlipidemia can prevent CVD. Therefore, clinical guidelines have been used as a tool to improve patient outcomes and minimize practice variation.Objective:The objective of this study was to assess health-care providers’ (physicians and clinical pharmacists) awareness about the latest edition of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines of dyslipidemia management.Materials and Methods:To meet the study objective, a self-administered questionnaire was designed based on the recommendations of the latest edition of the ACC/AHA guidelines for dyslipidemia management. After validation, the questionnaire was distributed to physicians and clinical pharmacists in Al-Ahsa province of Saudi Arabia.Results:Validation of the questionnaire was carried on 10 participants (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.816). Seventy-seven participants completed the questionnaire (acceptance rate = 51.33%). The majority of participants knew about the release of the ACC/AHA 2013 guidelines for dyslipidemia (77% of the physicians and 48% of the clinical pharmacist). Inadequate knowledge of the major changes in the dyslipidemia management was observed in both study groups with no significant difference between them (the median score for physicians and pharmacists was 4 out of 10 with a range of 1–9, Z = −0.15, P = 0.88).Conclusion:Inadequate level of knowledge about practice-changing recommendations of the recent ACC/AHA guidelines for dyslipidemia management was observed among the study participants. This level of knowledge could result in clinical malpractice and worsen management outcomes. Thus, efforts should be in place to raise awareness about the evidence-based management of dyslipidemia and monitor compliance to guidelines and their implementation outcomes.

Efficacy of self-instructional Module on Telemedicine among final year B.Sc Nursing students

A quasi-experimental research study was conducted to know the efficacy of self-instructional module (SIM) on telemedicine among final year B.Sc. nursing students. The objective of the study was to know the efficacy of SIM on telemedicine. One group pretest and posttest research design was adapted. Simple random sampling method (Random Number Table) was used for selecting the sample of 30 students from final year B.Sc. nursing students. Structured questionnaire was used to gather the information and study was conducted at college of nursing, Sagar. Gathered data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. In Pretest, 30 students (100%) of final year B.Sc. nursing were having inadequate level of knowledge and none of the final year B.Sc. nursing students were having the moderate knowledge and adequate knowledge. In posttest, 18 students (60%) of final year B.Sc. (N) were having moderate knowledge and 12 students (40%) of final year B.Sc. (N) were having adequate knowledge and none of the them came under the category of inadequate knowledge of final year B.Sc. nursing students. The paired t-test result shows that the effectiveness of SIM on telemedicine was found to be significant at 0.05 level. It evidenced that SIM is significantly effective on improving the level of knowledge on telemedicine. Any of the demographic variable were not found to be a significant in association with level of knowledge regarding telemedicine at 5% level. The study concluded that the final year B.Sc. (N) students have gained adequate knowledge on telemedicine after administration of SIM. Knowledge on telemedicine is important to give high tech quality care to patients.