Inadequate Labeling Research Articles

Health concerns and expectations of Anglo and ethnic older Australians: a comparative approach.

Australia is a multicultural society in which the most rapidly ageing groups are immigrants, many of whom cannot speak English well. Minimal research has been conducted to identify ethnic variation in health concerns and expectations of older Australians from non-English-speaking backgrounds, necessary to facilitate culturally appropriate services. This paper presents findings from 12 focus group sessions (4 Anglo, 3 Italian, 2 Chinese, 2 Arabic, 1 Greek) with older (60+) Australians. Common areas of concern were inadequate medication information, labelling and instructions. Anglo participants differed from ethnic participants in their use of herbal remedies, language, relationship with pharmacist and doctor and awareness of health rights. Other concerns and expectations were specific to a particular ethnic group. The findings should increase health professionals' awareness of the similarities and differences which exist between mainstream Anglo and ethnic Australians, and also between ethnic groups, thereby avoiding the use of a blanket approach when communicating with, or planning policies for, ethnic older Australians.

Peanut hypersensitivity in children

Peanut is the major allergen in the United States. It is increasing in importance in Europe and has become the principal food allergen affecting children over the age of three years, once hypersensitivity to eggs has resolved. We report 132 pediatric cases of peanut hypersensitivity, confirmed by food challenge. The study group included 86 boys and 46 girls aged between 6 months and 15 years. More than half the children with peanut hypersensitivity were diagnosed before the age of three. The most common symptom was atopic dermatitis (43.1% of cases). The other symptoms observed were hoarseness (34.8%), asthma attacks (13.6%), anaphylaxis (6%), gastrointestinal symptoms (1.5%) and oral syndrome (0.7%). All patients had positive skin prick tests, with a mean wheal diameter of 8 mm (range: 2 to 25 mm). Wheal diameter was significantly smaller in the youngest children (mean 4.5 mm for children under the age of 1 year, p < 0.01). Specific IgE concentration was below 0.75 IU/ml in 16 cases (14.3%), the mean for the entire group being 30.9 IU/ml (range: 0.75 to 100 IU/ml). Food challenges were not performed in three of the eight children with a history of anaphylaxis. Labial food challenge (LFC) was positive in 85 cases (64.8%). An oral food challenge (OFC) was carried out for 45 children (34.3%) and the mean reactive dose was 850 mg (range: 1 mg to 7g). LFC with peanut oil was positive in 2 cases of 50 tested (4%) and 17 of 63 children (29.9%) tested by OFC were also found to be sensitized to peanut oil. Half the children were also hypersensitive to other foods, as demonstrated by oral challenge (53.7%) or sensitized to airborne allergens (62.8%). Hypersensitivity in the very youngest children raises questions about how sensitization occurs. Diagnosis was confirmed by food challenge. Peanut products are very difficult to eliminate from the diet because of inadequate labeling of food products. An ELISA test, available in a number of countries, can be used to detect the allergen.

13C protein breath tests

Tracer techniques are attractive for the in vivo study of different aspects of nutrient assimilation and metabolism. Stable isotopes are the preferred tracers in studies involving human subjects, mainly because...

Labelling of potential allergens in food

In order to avoid food that they cannot tolerate, consumers suffering from food allergy or intolerance need sufficient and correct, information about food products. Labelling requirements are not satisfactory in this regard. Registration of adverse reactions in Sweden show that out of 77 cases, 51 were a result of inadequate labelling, six cases were fatal and several others required hospitalization. International recommendations for the labelling of food (Codex Alimentarius, a joint WHO/FAO organization) do not require specification of ingredients in composite ingredients if the composite ingredient constitutes less than 25% of the food (25% rule). Some ingredients are declared by category names. Ingredients such as milk, eggs, nuts, peanuts, fish, cereals, etc., will not appear on the label in these cases. Amendments are being discussed with a view to providing allergic consumers with more adequate information. A lowered specification limit for declaring ingredients in composite ingredients is suggested, combined with the establishment of a list of certain specific potent allergenic ingredients that should always be specified if present. Although many measures are needed to improve the situation for the allergic consumer, appropriate labelling of each product is fundamental. Adequate labelling is an important prerequisite for secondary prevention, a necessary basis for other measures and in addition will increase knowledge, awareness and caution in food production.

Preemption Doctrine after Cipollone. Nevada Supreme Court Holds That the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act Impliedly Preempts State Common-Law Actions Based on Inadequate Labeling. Davidson v. Velsicol Chem. Corp., 836 P.2d 931 (Nev. 1992)

Preemption Doctrine after Cipollone. Nevada Supreme Court Holds That the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act Impliedly Preempts State Common-Law Actions Based on Inadequate Labeling. Davidson v. Velsicol Chem. Corp., 836 P.2d 931 (Nev. 1992)

Lexitran-mediated access to patent databases

This paper presents a technique and its computer implementation to facilitate "navigation" in the International Patent Classification system. The resulting system assists users having no specialised training m information retneval in iden tifying relevant classification categones and keywords they can use in Boolean quenes on a target patent database. Applied to any subclass of the patent classification, the system builds a browsing environment that provides a relevance ranking of access paths to classification codes; this complements the often inadequate text labels currently associated with patent codes.

Inadequate labeling of drug products

Inadequate labeling of drug products

Thymus and node labelling by intramediastinal injection of tritiated tracers and its bearing on present concepts of lymphocyte cytokinetics.

Since current intravenous or subcutaneous injection of 3H‐thymidine produces a relatively weak labelling of the thymus, an attempt was made to improve this labelling. The newly devised procedure, which consists in injecting the marker intramediastinally, labels the thymus much more heavily than the aforementioned techniques. The observations revealed that the inadequate labelling resulting from intravenous or subcutaneous injections is due to the non‐uniform availability of 3H‐thymidine and that this shortcoming can be rectified by using the intramediastinal route.