Inadequate Hygiene Habits Research Articles

Posoncological Cutaneous Reconstruction of Penis with Scrotum Flaps about a Case

!Objective: The penile cancer is a rare entity in the developed countries and its incidence increases in the developing countries, achieving up to 10% of the malignancies in men. There is a crucial association with the HPV, in the same way it relates to inadequate hygiene habits and the phimosis. The objective of the surgical treatment is resection with adequate margins, and the inguinal lymph node dissection when indicated. The restore skin coverage in these lesions is a challenge for the surgeon, as it seeks to achieve a phallus almost normal appearance, and restore the patient's tactile and the erogenous function, with the fewest possible interventions, trying to minimize the psychological trauma. Previously, many of these patients were considered inoperable and were recommended to radiation therapy to cure the injury. The evolution of the plastic surgical techniques using skin or the myocutaneous flaps, have provided the surgeon another option to keep the local oncological control with acceptable morbidity. Clinical Case: The aim of this paper is to present the case of a 56 years old male patient with diagnostic of squamous cell cancer of the penis stage II, who underwent the penile stripping, with bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy; and rotation flap reconstruction of the scrotal skin. We found no published paper about the skin reconstruction of penile skin flap from scrotum for cancer patients, hence the importance of this work. Keywords: Cancer, Penile, HPV, Reconstruction, Faloplastia.

Acanthamoeba spp. in Contact Lenses from Healthy Individuals from Madrid, Spain.

PurposeAcanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a painful and potentially blinding corneal infection caused by Acanthamoeba spp. In Madrid, environmental studies have demonstrated a high presence of these free-living amoebae in tap water. Since most of AK cases occur in contact lenses (CL) wearers with inadequate hygiene habits, the presence of Acanthamoeba in discarded CL has been studied and compared with other common etiological agents of keratitis, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.MethodsOne hundred and seventy-seven healthy individuals from Madrid contributed their discarded CL and answered a questionnaire on hygiene habits. DNA was extracted from the CL solution and analyzed by real-time PCR for Acanthamoeba, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. These CL and their solutions were also cultured on non-nutrient agar to isolate Acanthamoeba.ResultsAmong the 177 samples, Acanthamoeba DNA was detected in 87 (49.2%), P. aeruginosa DNA in 14 (7.9%) and S. aureus DNA in 19 (10.7%). Cultivable amoebae, however, were observed in only one sample (0.6%). This isolate was genotyped as T4. The habits reported by this CL owner included some recognized risk factors for AK, but in this study only the practice of “not cleaning the CL case” presented some statistical significant association with Acanthamoeba DNA presence. Detection of the investigated bacterial DNA did not demonstrate statistical significant association with the studied practices, but the presence of P. aeruginosa revealed a possible inhibition of Acanthamoeba in these samples.ConclusionsThe PCR results suggest a high presence of Acanthamoeba spp. in healthy CL wearers from Madrid, but we can assume that CL solutions are properly disinfecting the CL since only 1.1% of the positive PCR samples correspond to viable amoebae and, after four years, only one participant reported stronger ocular problems. Nevertheless, more studies are necessary to corroborate this hypothesis.

Microbiological evaluation of hands of foods handlers from public schools in Pirenópolis-GO.

<p>The participation of food handlers in epidemiological chain of toxinfections and other foodborne diseases have been reported with frequency in several studies. The handlers can eliminate pathogenic microorganisms, however without any symptoms of disease, compromising the food by inadequate hygiene habits. The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of <em>Staphylococus aureus</em> and <em>Escherichia coli </em>in the hands of food handlers in four public schools in city of Pirenópolis, Goiás, Brazil. The samples were collected through rinse the hands of food handlers in saline solution contained in sterile plastic bag, before and after washing hands with soap and anti-septic (70% alcohol). The samples were cultivated in Manitol and EMB Agars for 24-48 hours at 35 ºC. Furthermore, was applied a questionnaire for data collection on hygienic and sanitary habits of these handlers. It was found that 70% of handlers were carriers of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and the presence of <em>Escherichia coli </em>was not observed. There was a considerable decrease in the count of <em>S. aureus</em> (64% to 100%) when was performed the correct washing hands. Regarding the data from the questionnaires, handlers demonstrated knowledge about the proper food handling proceeding; however, it was observed that they did not practice washing hands properly.</p><p> </p><p>DOI: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v4i1.116">http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v4i1.116</a></p><p><span><br /></span></p>

Etiology, antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus spp. and risk factors associated with bovine mastitis in the states of Bahia and Pernambuco

The purpose of this paper was to study the etiology of mastitis, determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus spp. and to identify the risk factors associated with infection in dairy cows in the states of Bahia and Pernambuco, Brazil. From the 2,064 milk samples analyzed, 2.6% were associated with cases of clinical mastitis and 28.2% with subclinical mastitis. In the microbiological culture, Staphylococcus spp. (49.1%) and Corynebacterium spp. (35.3%) were the main agents found, followed by Prototheca spp. (4.6%) and Gram negative bacilli (3.6%). In the antimicrobial susceptibility testing, all 218 Staphylococcus spp. were susceptible to rifampicin and the least effective drug was amoxicillin (32.6%). Multidrug resistance to three or more drugs was observed in 65.6% of Staphylococcus spp. The risk factors identified for mastitis were the extensive production system, not providing feed supplements, teat drying process, not disinfecting the teats before and after milking, and inadequate hygiene habits of the milking workers. The presence of multiresistant isolates in bovine milk demonstrates the importance of the choice and appropriate use of antimicrobial agents. Prophylactic and control measures, including teat antisepsis and best practices for achieving hygienic milking should be established in order to prevent new cases of the disease in herds.

Presença de Cryptosporidium spp em crianças com diarréia aguda em uma creche pública de Recife, Estado de Pernambuco

The objective of the present study was to analyze the frequency of oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp in fecal samples from children aged one to fourteen years at a public daycare center located in a needy community in the city of Recife, Pernambuco. The investigation was carried out between June 28, 2006, and April 3, 2007, and involved 182 children. Among the samples analyzed, 59 (32.4%) were positive regarding the presence of oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp, and the age group most affected was between three and five years (54.2%). The high frequency of samples positive for Cryptosporidium spp obtained in this study confirms that daycare centers are an environment that favors such occurrences, because of the direct contact between children or between children and staff. The most important infection route for Cryptosporidium spp is person-to-person transmission, which is well illustrated in daycare centers. Immaturity, deficiencies of the immune system and inadequate hygiene habits are factors that also contribute towards this type of infection.