In-service Physical Education Research Articles

Values-Based Physical Education and Teacher Education in South Africa

This qualitative research presents PE (Physical Education) teacher training workshops (TTW) which were developed and evaluated through the teachers’ feedback and reflections. Its goal was to create a PE programme enriched with the values of Olympism and Ubuntuism based on the idea that values-based education offers an investment in individual and societal improvement by implementing a values framework. Participatory action research was used to determine how data was collected, analysed, and presented on an ongoing, cyclical basis. The theoretical perspectives of the experiential learning theory and the cooperative learning theory were applied to teaching PE during the in-service physical education TTW. Ten PE teachers from five schools in the Tshwane District of South Africa participated as they best informed the research question and enhanced their understanding of the phenomenon under study. The TTW assisted in building and supporting PE pedagogical knowledge as teachers critically reflected on the diversity and inclusivity of their PE class context. An examination of the wide variety of teaching strategies, specifically used during teachable moments, that were employed throughout this study could be linked to the clarification of the values of Olympism and Ubuntuism. This research developed material for PE, which underpins the set of values of Olympism and Ubuntuism as core values that were modeled by teachers and guided their work. The TTW in a values-based PE programme builds and supports the teachers’ pedagogical knowledge to plan, deliver and access quality PE. Participatory action research and its reflective practice positively influenced the teachers' PE practice as it assisted the researchers and the participating teachers in a collective, self-reflective, inquiry.

Moving within learning communities as an act of performing professional wellbeing

ABSTRACT This study builds on the Spaces of Wellbeing Theory to investigate the circumstances under which community participation can affect teachers’ capacity to perform wellbeing in anticipation of their daily circumstances. Participants were 10 in-service physical education teachers, members of a Learning Community (LC) of cooperating teachers who supervised undergraduate students in their school practicum. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants divided in three groups, based on their years and type of engagement with the LC. Data analysis followed a qualitative induction approach. Three overarching themes were developed to represent community participation as: (1) learning in practice; (2) social formation; and (3) sharing and belonging. Results showed that both novice and experienced community members approached the LC space with an expectancy to produce or receive professional learning and support. Such a stance mediated conditions of possibility within which personal capacity was bridged with group dynamics. The reframing of teacher wellbeing as a stance of relational being and practice could contribute new understandings of the ways that community connectedness could help teachers imagine alternatives and perform new assemblages of professional becoming.

Physical education teachers’ perceptions and operationalisations of personal and social development goals in primary education

Personal and social development constitutes an important goal of physical education (PE) curricula worldwide. Few studies have analysed how PE teachers perceive and operationalise personal and social development goals in their lessons. This study sought to investigate the implemented curriculum of in-service PE teachers, that is, how PE teachers perceive and operationalise personal and social development goals. In sum, 12 experienced primary school PE teachers participated in semi-structured interviews. Deductive-inductive content analysis was used to analyse the data. Findings are discussed under three themes. The first theme, goal versus means, relates to personal and social development as a goal in itself or as a means to achieve other goals. This duality is discussed in relation with how teachers organise their lessons, the tasks and activities they provide, and how they divide children into groups. The second theme, the teacher's role versus children's role, relates to the struggle PE teachers face with delegating responsibilities to children. Under the third theme, (lack of) curriculum line, we discuss the structure or curriculum line that is missing in the pursuit of personal and social development goals. Future research and practice should devote time and effort to training PE teachers to realise personal and social development goals in a more structured and systematic way.

Gender bias and gender equality beliefs in teaching efficacy profiles of Finnish physical education teachers

ABSTRACT Homogeneous teaching efficacy profiles of in-service physical education (PE) teachers (N = 175) from a variety of educational institutions, elementary to higher education, were examined. In addition, associated gender bias and equality beliefs in PE were investigated. Three profiles (Low, Intermediate, High) were identified using cross-sectional data collected via an anonymous online survey. The PE teachers with the highest teaching efficacy reported the highest higher gender equality beliefs. In the low efficacy profile, females and PE teachers with a master’s degree scored higher on gender equality beliefs than males or teachers with other tertiary education, and longer compared to shorter teaching experience was associated with higher gender bias. In the intermediate and high teaching efficacy profiles, males reported higher gender bias beliefs than females, whereas longer service was associated with lower gender equality beliefs only in the high teaching efficacy profile. Teacher education may be the most effective channel to tackle gender bias beliefs in PE classes, which should be free from all types of discrimination.

Sustainability Awareness of In-Service Physical Education Teachers

Physical Education has been described as a subject with unique characteristics that can contribute to achieving Sustainable Development Goals. However, an analysis of PE teachers’ (PETs) sustainability consciousness has not yet been conducted. For this purpose, a total of 203 PETs completed the validated SCQ-S instrument to measure the three dimensions of sustainable development in three components of consciousness (attitudes, knowledge and behaviours). The results obtained show that the PETs have a high consciousness for sustainable development (SD), except for attitudes within the economic dimension. Sex has been identified as a variable that determines awareness in sustainability with significantly higher scores for women in all the variables evaluated, except for knowledge and behaviour in the social dimension. These findings provide new knowledge within the Physical Education and SD paradigm, serving as a link for future research that aims to harness the benefits of Physical Education for the sustainability of the planet.

In-Service and Pre-Service Physical Education Teachers' Levels of Belief in Education: A Comparative Study

The aim of this study was to comparatively examine in-service physical education teachers’ and pre-service physical education teachers’ levels of belief in education. This study, which was carried out with the participation of physical education teachers (n=266) employed in various cities of Turkey, as well as first grade (n=73) and fourth grade (n=64) pre-service physical education teachers studying at Balıkesir, Manisa Celal Bayar and Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Universities, was conducted using a survey model. The “Scale of Teachers’ Levels of Belief in Education” developed by Akın and Yıldırım (2015) was used as the data collection tool in the research. For the data analysis, descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Scheffé’s test were utilised. As a result of the research, it was determined that physical education teachers and pre-service teachers partially believed that the general aims of education were achieved, while they believed that the aims of education related to socialisation and all-round development were achieved more than the aims of education regarding individual differences. In the study, it was found that pre-service teachers believed in education more than in-service teachers, and that teachers’ professional seniority was an important factor affecting levels of belief in education. In future research, qualitative studies and mixed design studies should be conducted in order to obtain more in-depth information related to revealing the reasons for in-service teachers’ and/or pre-service teachers’ partial and low levels of belief in education and to suggesting solutions. Furthermore, future studies with a correlational design aimed at determining the relationships of teachers’ levels of belief in education with their levels of organisational commitment, professional burnout, motivation and alienation and with their perceptions towards the profession will contribute to better understanding of the phenomenon of belief in education.

Pre-service physical education teachers’ attitude toward, and self-efficacy in, inclusive physical education: Measurement invariance and influence factors

In this study the measurement invariance of a scale designed for assessing pre-service and in-service physical education (PE) teachers' (N = 362; N = 829) attitude toward inclusive PE and differences in that attitude were determined. Further analyses indicate that intensity of contact with people with disabilities had a positive effect on pre-service PE teachers’ attitude toward, and self-efficacy in, inclusive PE. The number of semesters completed of teacher training programs had a negative effect on self-efficacy; this effect was not found in pre-service PE teachers in a special education degree program. Finally, an empirical and theoretical differentiation of phase-specific self-efficacy dimensions is discussed.

Values-based Physical Education for the intermediate schooling phase in a diverse South African context

Participation in physical activity, Physical Education (PE) and sport has been recognised as a powerful learning tool for education, providing a universal language for contributing to valuable life principles. Values-based education implies that learners are educated about the aspects determining their behaviour. Values-based PE, physical activities and sport have the potential to transcend diversity and achieve cohesion, promote tolerance and trust and affirm respect between individuals and communities. The goal of PE can be to contribute to the acceptance of the infinite qualities of South Africa’s diversity and to claim the country’s diversity as a source of strength that forms a bond of a common set of values. There has been a global change in the interaction of learners with their environment; their lives are shaped by forces that do not necessarily assist them to learn and apply values. A PE programme infused with the values of Olympism and Ubuntuism can offer an investment in individual and societal improvement as the co-evolutionary interaction of these values and how they affect each learner can add to the celebration of human diversity. The question this study set out to answer was how can PE be used as a tool to teach values. Thus, the study aimed to inform the development of a values-based PE programme for the intermediate schooling phase. This qualitative study, from a constructivist paradigm, has enhanced the understanding of individuals’ cultures, beliefs and values, human experiences and situations. Purposeful sampling, of 10 intermediate phase teachers from five different public primary schools sought information-rich cases. The theoretical perspectives of the experiential learning theory were applied to teaching PE during in-service PE teacher training workshops. The process was documented by collecting data from multiple sources. Participatory action research was used, determining how data were collected, analysed and presented on an ongoing, cyclical basis. This study developed material for the intermediate phase PE curriculum that underpins the values of Olympism and Ubuntuism as core values, which were modelled by teachers and guided their work. The PE programme included key elements of and aligned with the study aims of the subject Life Skills. The outcomes of using PE as a tool to teach values propose recommendations to the Department of Basic Education of South Africa, to improve and implement a quality PE curriculum that is applicable to practice and that will optimise the chances of meeting National Curriculum Statement standards. Further research is recommended on the rest of the intermediate phase PE curriculum over the entire year, which includes other movement phenomena infused with values.

PE teacher selection and employment examination: a reinventive institution within teacher education and socialisation

ABSTRACT The form of Physical Education (PE) teacher selection matters in that, as a system of rules (i.e. institution), it shapes the practices of Initial Teacher Education (ITE), including pre-service PE teachers’ daily preparation for teaching qualification and employment. This article examines the secondary PE teacher selection examination as one of the locations of teacher socialisation and identity (re)formulation. Focusing on South Korea’s National Secondary Teacher Selection and Employment Examination (STSEE), the paper addresses two main research questions: (a) how does the STSEE structure everyday practices of pre-service PE teachers who prepare for the exam for a year at least; and (b) what does this intensive year-long routine of commitment bring to the social and professional identities of the applicants? Drawing on a micro-sociological concept of ‘reinventive institutions’ (Scott, 2010, 2011), this study analyses qualitative data from a number of documents and in-depth interviews with 11 pre- and in-service PE teachers. Our analysis reveals two main findings. First, the STSEE features key attributes of reinventive institutions, including total commitment to exam preparation, deference to gurus and communities of comradeship, all of which operate on the basis of individuals’ aspirations to success in the STSEE. Second, distinguished from the stereotype of physical educators in previous generations (e.g. incompetent, violent and unprofessional), PE teachers who have passed the exam acquire reinvented identities as smart, passionate and professional PE teachers who can enjoy ‘permanent job security’ with their advanced social positionality. The paper concludes by discussing the significance of teacher employment examinations in studying PE teachers’ socialisation into the profession.

Teaching inclusive physical education for students with disabilities: reinvigorating in-service teacher education in Sri Lanka

ABSTRACT Schools are accountable for educating students in specific positive knowledge, skills and values relevant to that specific society. However, it is unclear how disability is perceived and treated by teachers, and how students acquire awareness and positive perceptions towards disability through the teaching-learning process. The concept of critical constructivist teaching in physical education (PE) is that PE teachers organise in order to integrate students with disabilities into classes with students without disabilities, and this could therefore be a critical paradigm shift for challenging existing negative perceptions among students without disabilities towards students with disabilities. The qualitative data that informs this article aimed to provide a comprehensive interpretation of how the methods used by current Sri Lankan PE teachers evolved to include students with disabilities in their regular PE classes. A sample of 90 in-service PE teachers, 10 representing within each of the 9 provinces of Sri Lanka were recruited to this study. Data were collected according to the descriptive phenomenological method through focus group interviews and analysed by thematic analysis according to Colaizzi’s descriptive phenomenological data analysis method. The degree of knowledge regarding disability, preparedness and inclusion practice of PE teachers were determined. Results revealed that Sri Lankan PE teachers were generally less confident about the inclusion of students with disabilities in their regular PE classes. However, a lack of support from authorities and working under varied policies had become the main challenges of inclusion of students with disabilities in regular PE classes. It was also revealed that even though major revisions had been advocated in the education and training of PE teachers, disability-focused training was still segregated from many in-service teacher training programmes due to negligible attention by senior educators. Recommendations to re-invent and re-plan training of in-service PE teachers may facilitate successful integration of students with disabilities into the regular PE classes.

Risk and safety management in physical education: teachers’ knowledge

ABSTRACT Background In school-based physical education (PE) programs, teachers’ task to identify, assess, manage and communicate risk and safety and balance these with other pedagogical concerns is complex. Teachers’ knowledge is essential in generating quality PE and their specialized knowledge of risk and safety management (RSM) is crucial for creating safe learning environments and educative opportunities for students. However, studies of teachers’ RSM knowledge seem scarce and particularly studies including teachers’ perspectives. Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore how teachers develop their RSM knowledge for PE programs. Methods To gain data on teachers’ perspectives on RSM semistructured in-depth interviews were used to generate data. The study involves 17 primary and lower secondary PE teachers from Norway. To emphasize the participants’ voices for empirical sensitivity In-vivo and focused coding were employed in the analysis. These codes comprised a further basis for the generation of categories representing core meaning in the material. Findings The results of this study suggest that teachers’ institutional arrangements provide teachers with limited formal RSM training. In PE teacher education (PETE) the preparations of pre-service teachers for the use of RSM approaches might be restricted to selected physical activities according to these teachers. Moreover, due to a lack of resources and training in the teachers’ in-service period they seem compelled to develop an individual approach to and knowledge dimension for RSM. The attention teachers give to RSM in PE is consequently widely differing. As their RSM knowledge is individualized and privatized, personal preferences and experiences from teaching are central in developing teachers’ RSM knowledge. In this environment however, accountability, close calls and accidents might have a critical function for teachers’ conscious development of RSM knowledge. Conclusions PE teachers’ RSM knowledge development is embedded within an institutional environment where teaching experience is vital. Teachers’ RSM knowledge may become tacit and bespoke to the teachings of PE with extensive experience. According to the results presented here, beginner teachers might be in a vulnerable position; lacking formal training and teaching experience to deal with risk and safety concerns in PE programs. This study therefore suggests a need for strengthening and widening RSM training in PETE programs for developing and expanding pre-service teachers’ RSM knowledge. Although RSM may be a continuous developmental and learning process, in-service PE teachers also seem to a large extent to be left on their own. It seems therefore equally necessary to support teachers’ continuous professional development and allocating distinct resources for developing teachers’ RSM knowledge in generating quality PE programs.

팬데믹 및 4차 산업혁명 시대의 지역사회체육과 학교체육 : 인성 함양의 전인적 체육 모색

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out what the role of physical education teacher need to be , how on-line home schooling and on-field self-learning need to be adapted, and what relationships between school physical education and the local community need to be pursued.<BR> Method: Ethnographic approach was adopted with three in-service physical education teachers, two previous Public Sport Club officials at KOC and two sport-related co llege professors. The participants were recruited based on the Snowballing way with the criteria of ‘10-year or more career’and ‘Willingness of participation in the study.’ School documents, observation of on-line school physical education classes and in-depth interviews were carried out to collect data. For the purpose of trustworthiness of the study, Data triangulation, Member check, Peer debriefing and Key informant were utilized.<BR> Results: The results of this study are as follows. Seven participants claimed together that physical education teacher in the pandemic and/or 4<SUP>th</SUP> industrial revolution era should 1) become a counselor, a facilitator, a guide and an advisor to help students spontaneously perform physical education classes on their own, 2) play a role of an administrator to build up relationships with the local community and government members, organize each student’s local on-field learning with his/her peers and 3) develop expertise for effective counseling and administration. Pre-service and in-service teacher education programs need to be aligned with the results. <BR> Conclusion: In summary, the findings in this study confirm that the physical education teacher education programs need to focus on nurturing counseling and administrative competencies to get prepared for the contemporary 4<SUP>th</SUP> industrial revolution society or another possible pandemic circumstance.

The Influence of Socialization Factors on Physical Educators’ Conceptions of Assessment and Perceived Quality of Assessment

Purpose: Framed by occupational socialization theory, this study examined relationships among teachers’ perceived quality of assessment practices, workplace factors, and their conceptions of assessment. Methods: Ninety in-service physical education teachers from Alabama completed an online survey that attended to perceptions of organizational support, marginalization, valuation toward assessment, assessment quality, and class size. Associations were estimated using ordinary least squares regression. Results: In contrast to our initial hypothesis, no significant relationships were found between perceived assessment quality and perceived organizational support, marginalization, and class size. However, our regression analysis yielded significant results when assessment’s importance for education was the outcome variable. Discussion/Conclusions: The results indicated that teachers’ valuation of assessment included holding students and schools accountable, but was irrelevant to improving education. In addition, marginalization and perceived organizational support impacted teachers’ valuation toward using assessments to improve education. Research on assessment quality may depend first on widespread adoption of physical education teacher education assessment practices.

Gender stereotypes: the impact upon perceived roles and practice of in-service teachers in physical education

ABSTRACT This study aimed to explore gender stereotypes and their impact upon perceived roles and practice of in-service physical education teachers. Twenty-one qualified PE teachers completed an online story completion method and results were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Comparisons were generated between the two-story stems: between male and female participants and between the hypothetical stories and direct question answers. Results showed that teachers’ perceptions largely conformed to typical gender stereotypes, including stereotypical views on gender roles, gendered sports and story character assumptions. Participants did not attribute stereotype reproduction to themselves as teachers and negative external pressures arose as a common reasoning for stereotypical practice. However, only female participants highlighted parents and peers as significant contributors, whereas both genders highlighted governmental pressures such as curriculum design. This study displayed that gender segregation, masculine and feminine discourses and gendered habitus are still prominent within PE.

Reality of Linguistic Competencies of Pre-Service and In-Service Female Physical Education Teachers in the Sultanate of Oman

This study aims to identify the acquisition of linguistic competencies by pre-service physical education teachers at the College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, and in-service physical education teachers in Muscat and Dhofar Governorates in Oman, as well as any statistical differences between these two groups. The population of the study consisted of 30 pre-service teachers and 28 in-service teachers. The observation card instrument was used to collect data. The results showed that the acquisition level of the linguistic competencies of pre-service physical education teachers was medium. However, the acquisition level of the linguistic competencies of in-service physical education teachers was high. Furthermore, there were significant differences between the acquisition level of linguistic competencies in pre-service and in-service teachers in favor of in-service teachers. Based on these findings, we recommend developing these competencies in pre-service teachers during the teacher education program by focusing particularly on planning, implementation, and assessment.

Investigating the Relationships Between Perceived Mattering, Role Stress, and Psychological Need Satisfaction in Physical Education Teachers

Purpose: Despite being linked with motivationally supportive instruction, little research has investigated antecedents to physical educators’ psychological need satisfaction. This study examined relationships between physical educators’ perceived mattering, role stress, and psychological need satisfaction. Method: The participants included 472 in-service physical educators (232 males and 240 females) from the eastern United States who completed an online survey. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate a conceptual model detailing the relationships among study variables. Results: The conceptual model was a good fit for the data, χ2(358) = 657.16, p &lt; .001, root mean square error of approximation = .042 (90% confidence interval [.037, .047], p = .996), standardized root mean residual = .051, nonnormalized fit index = .949, comparative fit index = .955. Generally, perceived mattering influenced role ambiguity and relatedness satisfaction. Role overload and role ambiguity are negatively associated with competence satisfaction, and role conflict is negatively associated with autonomy satisfaction. Discussion: The findings indicate that elevating physical education teachers’ perceived mattering may reduce role stress and increase psychological need satisfaction.

Improving Self-Efficacy Towards Inclusion in In-Service Physical Education Teachers: A Comparison between Insular and Peninsular Regions in Spain

Physical education teachers play a significant role in educating students with special education needs, but they often feel frustrated and unprepared to achieve a successful inclusion process. The lack of inadequate training has proven to have an unfavorable effect on educators’ perceived competence, confidence, and attitudes when working in inclusive settings with children with disabilities. This study evaluates the effect of a training program implemented with in-service physical educators from two different regions in Spain, insular and peninsular, in order to improve their self-efficacy in including students with disabilities in physical education. A pre- vs. post-test intervention was conducted with two groups of 142 in-service physical educators with similar age and teaching experience. The intervention improved their perceived self-efficacy in including students with physical, visual, and intellectual disabilities in physical education (p &lt; 0.01, effect sizes = large). The physical educators teaching in the insular region improved their self-efficacy to a higher extent. This study demonstrates the invariant effect of the training program in both regions, but the self-efficacy scores of the physical educators might be constrained by the contents regarding inclusion in their pre-service training, the education policies of the region where the teaching takes place or the geographical characteristics of their workplace.

Validation of a Physical Education Teachers' Self-Efficacy Instrument Toward Inclusion of Students With Disabilities.

Acquiring specific training in disability seems to be a key aspect for achieving school inclusion. Teachers who receive such prior training would be more prepared to address diversity in the classroom, which could be related to their perception of self-efficacy. The aim of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the Self-Efficacy Scale for Physical Education Teacher Education Majors toward Children with Disabilities (SE-PETE-D). Two hundred and eighteen in-service physical education teachers participated in this study, with a Mage = 38.06 years and Mteaching experience = 11.72 years. To obtain the three subscales resulting from intellectual, physical, and visual disabilities, several exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. The results supported three independent models made up of three factors (intellectual, physical, and visual disabilities). The structure of the models was invariant with respect to gender, the educational stage in which the teaching was taking place, previous teaching experience, previous training, and previous experience in adapted or inclusive physical activity and sports. The subscales presented high reliability values for Cronbach’s alpha, and Omega’s index ≥0.81. This study provides evidence of the validity and reliability of an instrument to measure the perceived self-efficacy of physical education teachers to include students with disabilities in their classes and is the first study to be applied with in-service teachers. In addition, some methodological and conceptual limitations of the original scale are identified, opening new lines of work in relation to training situations to assess the perception of self-efficacy or the type of disability.

초임 체육교사의 교육대학원 재교육과정 수학(受學) 경험

본 연구의 목적은 교육대학원 체육교육 전공 내 재교육 과정으로 진학한 초임 체육교사들의 수학(受學) 경험을 분석하여 그 의미를 논의하는 것에 목적을 두었다. 연구방법으로는 유목적적 표집 방법에 따라 수도권에 위치한 2개 대학교 교육대학원 체육교육 전공 재교육 과정에 진학한 초임 체육교사 4명을 선정하였다. 자료수집을 위해 질적연구 방법을 활용한 심층면담을 실시하였고, Belenky(1986)의 5단계 질적 자료 분석 과정으로 면담 내용을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 초임 체육교사들은 교육대학원 수학(受學)을 통해 채움과 비움, 다름과 틀림, 반복과 내면화, 구조화와 도출을 경험한 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과는 채움에 대한 기대를 비움으로 수용해야 하는 경험, 다름의 이해와 해석 과정을 간과한 채 틀림으로 판단하는 경험, 학습 내용의 단순 반복 경험과 의미 있는 내면화 경험의 공존, 지식의 구조화 과정과 결론 도출 경험이라는 의미를 담고 있었다. 결론에서는 교육대학원에서의 체육교사 재교육 과정의 존재 이유 확립, 체육교사 전문성 개념에 따른 교육내용 개발, 재교육 방법 개발, 재교육 과정 운영 평가 실시를 개선 방안으로 제안하였다.

‘You have to find your slant, your groove:’ one physical education teacher's efforts to employ transformative pedagogy

ABSTRACTBackground: Teaching for social good and inequity has been presented as needed in sport pedagogy research. However, very little is known how transformative pedagogical practices that teach for social good are implemented and sustained at the elementary level.Purpose: This digital ethnographic study sought to describe one elementary school physical education (PE) teacher's attempt to employ transformative pedagogy (TP).Method: Cochran-Smith's [1998. “Teaching for Social Change: Toward a Grounded Theory of Teacher Education.” In The International Handbook of Educational Change, edited by A. Hargreaves, A. Lieberman, M. Fullan, and D. Hopkins, 916–952. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004. Walking the Road: Race, Diversity, and Social Justice in Teacher Education. New York: Teachers College Press] pedagogical principles for social justice education (SJE) drove our data collection and analysis. Seven qualitative methods were employed to collect data about Harry's pedagogies, organizational structures, and the content he taught. These were formal and informal interviews, conversations, short films, document collection, social media accounts, and an electronic journal. Data were analyzed using both inductive and deductive methods [Patton 2015. Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods. 4th ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage].Findings: Harry's TP and the factors that facilitated and limited his practice were uncovered within five main themes: (a) creating communities of learners through restorative practice principles, (b) building on what students bring to school with them for a democratic curriculum, (c) teaching skills, bridging gaps, and the affective component, (d), working with communities in-between social justice illiteracy, and (e) utilizing diverse forms of assessment.Conclusion: We confirmed that there is no best way to teach social justice through PE and that TP must be individual to the teacher. In addition, this study highlighted methods and pedagogies by which teachers could engage in TP. Finally, the study's findings implied how teacher educators might go about working with both preservice and inservice PE teachers with the goal that they focus on facilitating social justice through their pedagogical approach.