In-plant Process Research Articles

Phenolic constituents in pulp mill process streams

Concentrations and identities of phenols in seven in-plant process streams at a bleached kraft pulp mill were determined. Phenols were analyzed by a method involving absorption on Amberlite XAD-2 resign at pH 2, liquid-liquid partitioning and electron capture gas chromatography of their heptafluorobutyrates. Results were compared with those obtained by the standard 4-aminoantipyrene method. Total concentrations of phenols ranged from a low of 0.05–0.45 mg/l in the acid sewer to a high of 5.1–11 mg/l in sewered condensates. Guaiacol was present in sewered condensates in concentrations up to 5 mg/l, the highest for any individual phenol. Guaiacol, vanillin and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyacetophenone were major phenols in unbleaced whitewater, and 3,4,5-trichloguaiacol, tetrachloroguaiacol and 4,5-dichloroguaiacol were major phenols in the caustic sewer.

Waste Water Treatment Costs in Poultry Rendering Plants in Georgia

Poultry products are an important source of agricultural income in Georgia and other southeastern states. Yet, the waste from poultry operations can lower water quality unless ways are found to reduce quantities discharged into streams and waterways. Present regulations require that all sewage discharged from processing and rendering plants have the equivalent of secondary stage treatment as defined by conventional biological standards [4]. More stringent regulations that would completely eliminate discharge of pollutants into waterways have been proposed [10]. Poultry processing and rendering plants must therefore adopt more advanced in-plant processes or private treatment systems or utilize public systems to achieve higher levels of waste water treatment in future years.