In-plane Texture Research Articles

Deformation anisotropy and lamellar α re-orientation of TC17 alloy under the different slip modes of HCP structure

Deformation anisotropy and re-orientation for α phase during isothermal compression of TC17 alloy with basketweave microstructure were investigated systematically by quantitative analysis the influence of tilt angle between compression axis and c-axis on LABs density, rotate factor and ratio of activated slip system. The test results revealed that the tilt angle between compression axis and c-axis affects the deformability of α grain by affecting the rotation tendency and the number of activated slip systems. It results in the different prone of lamellar α with different orientation to globularization. Therein, the variation of the rotation factor with tilt angle conforms to the quadratic function, reaching a maximum value around 45°. When the rotation factor is small, the ratio of (01–11) [1–210] slip system with small Burgers vector at the phase boundary is large, the rotation tendency is poor, and the intragranular dislocation slip replaces the grain rotation as the strain accommodation mechanism, the lamella is more prone to globularization. And when the tilt angles are between 0°–13°, 13°–35°, 35°–78° and 78°–90°, the most easily activated slip systems are pyramidal <a+c> slip, basal <a> slip, pyramidal <a> slip and prismatic <a> slip, respectively. The more slip systems may be activated, the lamella is more prone to globularization. In addition, isothermal compression destroys the initial preferred orientations of the α grains and causes the lamellar α to rotate towards the direction that forms (0 0 0 1) plane texture, which is formed due to the activation of the prismatic <a> slip. Then, the (0 0 0 1) plane texture will be weakened due to a large number of randomly oriented grains generated by recrystallization under larger height reduction.

Facilitating Oriented Dense Deposition: Utilizing Crystal Plane End-Capping Reagent to Construct Dendrite-Free and Highly Corrosion-Resistant (100) Crystal Plane Zinc Anode.

Dendrite growth and corrosion issues have significantly hindered the usability of Zn anodes, which further restricts the development of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). In this study, a zinc-philic and hydrophobic Zn (100) crystal plane end-capping reagent (ECR) is introduced into the electrolyte to address these challenges in AZIBs. Specifically, under the mediation of 100-ECR, the electroplated Zn configures oriented dense deposition of (100) crystal plane texture, which slows down the formation of dendrites. Furthermore, owing to the high corrosion resistance of the (100) crystal plane and the hydrophobic protective interface formed by the adsorbed ECR on the electrode surface, the Zn anode demonstrates enhanced reversibility and higher Coulombic efficiency in the modified electrolyte. Consequently, superior electrochemical performance is achieved through this novel crystal plane control strategy and interface protection technology. The Zn//VO2 cells based on the modified electrolyte maintained a high-capacity retention of ≈80.6% after 1350 cycles, corresponding to a low-capacity loss rate of only 0.014% per cycle. This study underscores the importance of deposition uniformity and corrosion resistance of crystal planes over their type. And through crystal plane engineering, a high-quality (100) crystal plane is constructed, thereby expanding the range of options for viable Zn anodes.

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Indoor Scenes Based on Implicit Neural Representation.

Reconstructing 3D indoor scenes from 2D images has always been an important task in computer vision and graphics applications. For indoor scenes, traditional 3D reconstruction methods have problems such as missing surface details, poor reconstruction of large plane textures and uneven illumination areas, and many wrongly reconstructed floating debris noises in the reconstructed models. This paper proposes a 3D reconstruction method for indoor scenes that combines neural radiation field (NeRFs) and signed distance function (SDF) implicit expressions. The volume density of the NeRF is used to provide geometric information for the SDF field, and the learning of geometric shapes and surfaces is strengthened by adding an adaptive normal prior optimization learning process. It not only preserves the high-quality geometric information of the NeRF, but also uses the SDF to generate an explicit mesh with a smooth surface, significantly improving the reconstruction quality of large plane textures and uneven illumination areas in indoor scenes. At the same time, a new regularization term is designed to constrain the weight distribution, making it an ideal unimodal compact distribution, thereby alleviating the problem of uneven density distribution and achieving the effect of floating debris removal in the final model. Experiments show that the 3D reconstruction effect of this paper on ScanNet, Hypersim, and Replica datasets outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.

Relationship between Texture, Hydrogen Content, Residual Stress and Corrosion Resistance of Electrodeposited Chromium Coating: Influence of Heat Treatment.

Electrodeposited chromium plating continues to be widely used in a number of specialized areas, such as weapons, transport, aerospace, etc. However, the formation of texture, hydrogen content and residual stress can degrade the serviceability and lead to material failure. The effect of post heat treatment processes on the relationship of texture, hydrogen content, residual stress and corrosion resistance of hexavalent [Cr(VI)] chromium coatings deposited on Cr-Ni-Mo-V steel substrates was investigated. Macrotexture was measured by XRD. Microtexture, dislocation density and grain size were studied by EBSD. With the increase of the heat treatment temperature, it was found that the fiber texture strength of the (222) plane tended to increase and subsequently decrease. Below 600 °C, the increase in the (222) plane texture carried a decrease in the hydrogen content, residual stress, microhardness and an increase in the corrosion resistance. In addition, crack density and texture strength were less affected by the heat treatment time. Notably, relatively fewer crack densities of 219/cm2, a lower corrosion current density of 1.798 × 10-6 A/dm2 and a higher microhardness of 865 HV were found under the preferred heat treatment temperature and time of 380 °C and 4 h, respectively. The hydrogen content and residual stress were 7.63 ppm and 61 MPa, with 86% and 75% reduction rates compared to the as-plated state, respectively. In conclusion, in our future judgement of the influence of heat treatment on coating properties, we can screen or determine to a certain extent whether the heat treatment process is reasonable or not by measuring only the macrotexture.

Effect of different extrusion parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-4Sm-3Gd-2Yb-0.5Zr alloy

The effect of different extrusion parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-4Sm-3Gd-2Yb-0.5Zr (SGY2) alloy was investigated. It was observed that under different extrusion parameters, unDRXed grains of SGY2 alloy exhibited a pronounced basal plane texture, specifically <011¯0>//ED, while the texture of DRXed grains was relatively dispersed. Under the condition of 420 °C and an extrusion ratio of 9.4 (420 °C-ER9.4), the basal plane texture strength of unDRXed grains in SGY2 alloy was the highest. Furthermore, SGY2 alloy at different extrusion parameters exhibited recrystallization mechanisms mainly characterized by continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX), with some DRXed grains and deformed grains experiencing discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX). Additionally, at the 420 °C-ER9.4, the second phase particles in the as-extruded SGY2 alloy were smaller in size and exhibited a dispersed distribution. Under this condition, a significant amount of dislocation accumulation, dislocation bypassing, and dislocation tangling phenomena were observed in the SGY2 alloy. The primary deformation mechanism of unDRXed grains in the SGY2 alloy at the 420 °C-ER9.4 may involve prismatic plane 〈a〉, pyramidal plane 〈a〉, and pyramidal plane 〈c + a〉 slip, thereby activating a significant amount of dislocations. Compared to other extrusion conditions, this condition is more prone to activate non-basal plane slip. The as-extruded SGY2 alloy exhibited superior mechanical properties, with ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) of 332 MPa and 278 MPa, respectively. This is mainly attributed to the extremely fine grains, with many DRXed grains having grain sizes smaller than 1 µm, and higher density grain boundaries produced under this condition. Additionally, the unDRXed grains contain a high density of dislocations with small Schmid factor (SF), thus effectively inhibiting basal plane slip and strengthening the alloy to some extent. Similarly, the increased presence of second phase particles will also contribute to strengthening the alloy matrix through precipitation hardening.

Influence of Cobalt content on the microstructure and texture evolution of hot-press sintered Tungsten nickel copper Alloy (W-Ni-Cu)

This study examines the effect of cobalt on the crystallographic texture and grain boundary evolution of hot-press sintered tungsten heavy alloy (W-4.9Ni-2.1Cu). Traditional tungsten heavy alloy with a Ni:Cu ratio of 7:3 has cobalt added (i.e., cobalt content increased from 0 to 1 wt% with a 0.25 wt% interval). The samples were produced using the hot press sintering method with the following parameters: 50 MPa pressure, 10 °C/min heating rate, 1450 °C temperature, and a 20-min hold time. The unalloyed cobalt WHA compact has a fibre texture in the (001) plane that is aligned in the 〈111〉 orientation. In addition, the cobalt-alloyed WHAs compacts exhibit a lower proportion of grain boundaries with low angles. Enhanced solid solution formation between cobalt and WHAs during liquid phase sintering led to increased compacts densification and randomised weak fibre development in cobalt-alloyed compacts. Texture deterioration (001) <111> in cobalt-added WHAs is caused predominantly by substructural recovery during liquid phase sintering. This study indicates that the addition of cobalt to the stoichiometry of WHAs resulted in the homogenous distribution of binder matrix within the compact during sintering. As a result, the W-4.9Ni-2.1Cu-1Co alloy exhibited improved microhardness (429.5 HV0.5), electrical conductivity (23.34% of IACS), and relative density (98.10%).

Microstructure characteristics, yield asymmetry and fracture mechanism of the fine grained thin-wall Mg-6.03Zn-0.55Zr tubes fabricated by hot spinning

In this study, thin-wall Mg-6.03Zn-0.55Zr alloy tubes consisted of fine dynamic recrystallized (DRXed) grains and ultrafine grains were successfully obtained by hot spinning process. The results showed that the microstructures of the initial extruded tubes were greatly refined with average grain sizes of 4.46–10.32 µm (300–450 ℃) due to the DRX process, especially at low spinning temperatures. Moreover, the basal texture was transformed from extruded fiber texture to spun tilted plane texture with an angle of ∼10° deviated from the axial direction (AD). More specifically, the basal texture was weakened along AD but was strengthened along the transverse direction (TD) compared with the extruded texture due to the reduced difficulty in pyramidal <c+a> slip activation and the shear deformation induced by the rollers. Consequently, the spun Mg-6.03Zn-0.55Zr alloys showed significant yield asymmetry along AD and TD at room temperature and the increase in spinning temperature had a negative influence on yield strength (YS) that the YS along AD decreased from 290 ± 5 MPa (300 ℃) to 232 ± 2 MPa (450 ℃) and the YS along TD decreased from 236 ± 6 MPa (300 ℃) to 198 ± 4 MPa (450 ℃). Both texture and grain refinement were the important factors in the mechanical properties according to the Hall-Petch relationship due to the varied activation fractions of deformation modes along AD and TD, especially the activation of prismatic <a> slip. Moreover, the fracture mechanism of the spun alloys consisting of fine DRXed grains and ultrafine grains was unusual. The aggregated ultrafine grains played a negative role in the fracture mechanism, because the ultrafine grains were transformed from the dislocation cells and the micro-crack easily occurred in the ultrafine grains.

Suppression of in-plane (001) texture component in FePt-oxide granular films by adding a carbon buffer layer

Investigation of magnetic properties and nanostructure of FePt-B2O3 granular film with carbon buffer layer (BL) of various thicknesses is reported. When the thickness of carbon BL is varied from 0 to 0.6 nm, saturation magnetization (Msfilm) is almost constant at around 750 emu/cm3 and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (Ku⊥film) changes from around 1.0×107 to 2.0×107 erg/cm3. For the granular film with the carbon BL thicker than 0.6 nm, both Msfilm and Ku⊥film decrease. The reduction of Msfilm for the granular film by adding a carbon BL may be due to the alloying of carbon into the FePt magnetic grains. The enhancement of Ku⊥film for the film with a 0.6 nm carbon BL is considered due to the reduction of the in-plane texture component which is supported by the in-plane XRD. The reduction of Ku⊥film for the film with a carbon BL thicker than 0.6 nm is considered due to random growth of magnetic grains on a continuous carbon BL which is supported by the TEM cross-section images. According to these results, the employment of an un-continuous thin carbon BL is a promising method to enhance c-axis texture orientation of the FePt-oxide granular films.

The synergistic effects of texture and continuous precipitates on the corrosion resistance of AZ80 magnesium alloy

The corrosion resistance of the as-forged and as-aged AZ80 alloy was analyzed through immersion tests, electrochemical measurements, and observation of corrosion morphology. The synergistic effects of texture and continuous Mg17Al12 precipitates on the corrosion behavior were investigated in this study. The results obtained from hydrogen evolution, weight loss, and electrochemistry tests showed that texture plays a more significant role in improving the corrosion resistance than continuous precipitates. However, continuous precipitates can further enhance corrosion resistance. The corrosion surface containing a single (10−10) plane texture exhibits excellent corrosion performance than that with a mixture texture composing of (0001) and (10−10) texture. Continuous precipitates that are parallel to the corrosion surface are more conducive to forming excellent corrosion barriers. Consequently, their effect on improving corrosion performance is more significant than those that are perpendicular to the corrosion surface. Exerting the synergistic effects of texture and continuous precipitates is a promising approach to improve the corrosion resistance of the AZ80 alloy.

Grain refinement and strengthening mechanism of AZ31 magnesium alloy formed by pre-upsetting alternating forward extrusion

The pre-upsetting deformation process was added before the alternating forward extrusion forming, which can significantly refine the grains and improve the mechanical properties while reducing the load. The effects of 14%, 25%, 36% pre-upsetting deformation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy were investigated. The results show that the pre-upsetting alternating forward extrusion (UAFE) process can achieve significant grain refinement from 31.1 µm to 2.9–3.5 µm. With the increase of pre-upsetting deformation, the elongation at break tends to decrease and the tensile strength tends to increase. The comprehensive mechanical properties of U2AFE are the best, the yield strength and tensile strength are 203.1 MPa and 299.0 MPa respectively, and the elongation at break is 12.5%. The enhancement of the pre-upsetting deformation process not only makes the basal plane of grains in the billet randomly distributed and weakens the basal plane texture, but also stores a large amount of strain energy and dislocation inside the billet, which accelerates the subsequent continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) process of alternating extrusion. This provides scientific guidance and technical support for the research of high-performance magnesium alloy extrusion forming technology.

Texture adjustment approach of magnesium alloys via variable strain path calculated by an integrated finite element-viscoplastic self-consistent model

An integrated calculated approach based on weakly coupled finite element (FEM)-viscoplastic self-consistent (VPSC) model was established to simulate the texture evolution during the variable strain path extrusion process of magnesium alloys. The spiral die extrusion (SDE) process with additional circumferential shear deformation was applied to investigate the effect of path control on texture adjustment and verify the accuracy of the model. The results indicated that the additional spiral shear resulting from the overall inclined flow path effectively reduced the intensity of the {0002}//ED fiber texture by suppressing basal slip activation in the core area, while the local shear deformation along the spiral equal channel strain path led to the formation of an inclined {0002}//ND plane texture on the side. Using the modified Hall–Petch relationship, the correlation between texture and yield strength was quantified. Specifically, the weakening of the texture effectively suppressed {10–12} tensile twinning, which compensated for the deficiency of compressive yield strength without significantly sacrificing tensile yield strength, and thus improved the tension-compression asymmetry. Furthermore, the strongly inclined {0002}//ND plane texture inhibited the widespread activation of basal slip during tensile yielding, thereby enhancing the yield strength.

Crystallographic texture and grain boundary character development of hot-press sintered tungsten heavy alloy: The effect of rhenium concentration

In this study, the effects of rhenium on the evolution of microstructure and texture in hot press sintered tungsten heavy alloy (93W-4.9Ni-2.1Cu) is examined. Rhenium is added (i.e., increased rhenium from 0 to 1 wt % with interval of 0.25 wt %) to a conventional tungsten heavy alloy while maintaining a constant Ni: Cu (7:3) ratio. The samples were prepared using a vacuum hot press sintering method with parameters including 50 MPa pressure, 10 °C/min heating rate, and 1450 °C temperature for a 20-min holding time. The impact of rhenium on densification, crystallographic texture development, and grain boundary features of Re alloyed WHA was studied using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The development of grain boundary texture was the result of a Ʃ3 CSL increase in sintered compact. The base alloy exhibits fibre texture in the (001) plane with the <111> direction and a higher proportion of low-angle grain boundaries. Reduced kinetics of grain growth during sintering led to a higher degree of densification and randomised weak fibre texture in rhenium-alloyed samples. The deterioration of texture in the (001) <111> direction in rhenium-added alloys was caused by recrystallization following recovery during sintering. Metallographic studies reveal that an increase in rhenium in the WHA's stoichiometry resulted in particle refinement during sintering, thereby enhancing the WHA's properties. Maximum micro-hardness (432 HV0.5), electrical conductivity (23.74 % of IACS), and relative density (99.90 %) were observed in a 93W-4.9Ni-2.1Cu (Re 1 wt% alloy).

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Inconel 718 thin walls prepared by laser direct energy deposition and selective laser melting

This paper systematically investigates the microstructure, crystal structure and related mechanical properties of Inconel 718 thin walls prepared by two different methods, laser direct energy deposition (LDED) and selective laser melting (SLM), which are representative technologies for laser additive manufacturing of high-performance metal parts, and compares with conventional forged parts. The microstructure of SLM-part consists of columnar and equiaxed crystals with disordered growth directions, while LDED-part is mainly composed of coarse columnar crystals that grow perpendicular to the plane of the molten pool free surface. Unlike a strong 〈001〉 texture in the LDED-part, the SLM-part has a {110} texture in the XY plane, achieving stronger tensile strength due to different grain boundary strengthening and dislocation strengthening effects, which is found by comparing with LDED and forged Inconel 718 alloy. In addition, the difference in crystallographic texture between SLM and LDED-parts results in the different mechanical property anisotropy. The comparative study of two laser additive manufacturing technologies provides guidance for an in-depth understanding about the mechanism of laser additive manufacturing high-performance metal parts.

Preparation of MgO Self-Epitaxial Films for YBCO High-Temperature Coated Conductors.

Ion beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) has been proposed as a promising texturing technology that uses the film epitaxy method to obtain biaxial texture on a non-textured metal or compound substrate. Magnesium oxide (MgO) is the most well explored texturing material. In order to obtain the optimal biaxial texture, the actual thickness of the IBAD-MgO film must be controlled within 12nm. Due to the bombardment of ion beams, IBAD-MgO has large lattice deformation, poor texture, and many defects in the films. In this work, the solution deposition planarization (SDP) method was used to deposit oxide amorphous Y2O3 films on the surface of Hastelloy C276 tapes instead of the electrochemical polishing, sputtering-Al2O3 and sputtering-Y2O3 in the commercialized buffer layer. An additional homogeneous epitaxy MgO (epi-MgO) layer, which was used to improve the biaxial texture in the IBAD-MgO layer, was deposited on the IBAD-MgO layer by electron-beam evaporation. The effects of growth temperature, film thickness, deposition rate, and oxygen pressure on the texture and morphology of the epi-MgO film were systematically studied. The best full width at half maximum (FWHM) values were 2.2° for the out-of-plane texture and 4.8° for the in-plane texture for epi-MgO films, respectively. Subsequently, the LaMnO3 cap layer and YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) functional layer were deposited on the epi-MgO layer to test the quality of the MgO layer. Finally, the critical current density of the YBCO films was 6 MA/cm2 (77 K, 500 nm, self-field), indicating that this research provides a high-quality MgO substrate for the YBCO layer.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Medium-Carbon Steel Drawn Wire

&lt;div&gt;In this article, the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of medium-carbon steel wire intended for the spring mattress is investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), X-ray diffraction, Vickers hardness (Hv), and tensile strength. The results indicate that the microstructure elongation along the wire axis is observed with the bending and kinking lamellae at the deformation level of 57.81%, this change appears as a fracture in the microstructure and leads to an increase in hardness, tensile strength, and intensities of diffraction patterns. After heat treatment, we observed a redistribution in the grain, which is almost the same in the wire rod and drawn wires; indeed, this led to a decrease in hardness, tensile strength, and augmentation in intensities of peaks. The EBSD pole figures reveal the development of texture in the cementite slip plane (001).&lt;/div&gt;

Texture evolution of obliquely deposited Au thin films

Understanding the formation and evolution of the texture of obliquely deposited films is of great significance for improving their performance. Among these films, Au films have many advantages and wide application prospects. However, a systematic study of texture evolution of Au films has not been reported. In this study, Au films were prepared by magnetron sputtering oblique deposition. The pole figures of films deposited with various oblique angles (γ) and thicknesses were measured by X-ray diffraction. The morphology and size of the grains on the surface and in the cross-section of the films were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The surface topography of the films was determined by atomic force microscopy. During the growth process of the films, the increase rate of roughness was faster than the transverse broadening rate of grains. The samples deposited at γ ≤ 60° were composed of densely arranged grains with inclined (111) plane fiber texture whose tilt angle increased with the increase of γ and thickness. In the films deposited at γ ≥ 70°, the grain structure evolved into highly porous nanorods, and the (111) plane texture was more slanted and dispersed. The mechanism of film texture formation during oblique deposition is discussed.

Microstructure Evolution of the Ti-46Al-8Nb-2.5V Alloy during Hot Compression and Subsequent Annealing at 900 °C.

TiAl alloys are high-temperature structural materials with excellent comprehensive properties, and their ideal service temperature range is about 700-950 °C. High-Nb containing the Ti-46Al-8Nb-2.5V alloy was subjected to hot compression and subsequent annealing at 900 °C. During hot compression, work-hardening and strain-softening occurred. The peak stresses during compression are positively correlated with the compressive strain rates and negatively correlated with the compression temperatures. The α2 phase exhibited a typical (0001)α2 basal plane texture after hot compression, while the β0 and γ phases did not show a typical strong texture. Subsequent annealing at 900 °C of the hot-compressed samples resulted in significant phase transformations, specifically the α2 → γ and β0 → γ phase transformations. After 30 min of annealing, the volume fraction of the α2 phase decreased from 39.0% to 4.6%. The microstructure characteristics and phase fraction after 60 min of annealing were similar to those after 30 min. According to the calculation of Miller indexes and texture evolution during annealing, the α2 → γ phase transformation did not follow the Blackburn orientation relationship. Multiple crystal-oriented α2 phases with nanoscale widths (20~100 nm) precipitate within the γ phase during the annealing process, which means the occurrence of γ → α2 phase transformation. Still, the γ → α2 phase transformation follows the Blackburn orientation relationship.

Optimization of pitting corrosion resistance of TC4-30Zr alloy by laser surface remelting

The effect of laser surface remelting (LSR) on pitting corrosion behavior of TC4-30Zr alloy was investigated. The results showed that the α/α′ phase was transformed into β phase after LSR. The grain was refined and the (110) crystal plane texture was produced. At the same time, nano-twins appeared. The content of TiO2 and ZrO2 in the passivation film increased, and the thickness of the passivation film increased by 4.12 times. The generation of (110) crystal plane texture and nano-twins reduced the pitting sensitivity by reducing the surface energy and increasing the vacancy density of the passivation film.

Microstructure evolution of AZ80 magnesium alloy in semi-solid compression by molecular dynamics simulation

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and experiments were carried out in this work to probe the microstructure evolution in the semi-solid compression (SSC) of AZ80 magnesium alloy. The liquid phase flow, stress fluctuations, grain refinement, dislocation generation, and texture evolution were discussed. Results indicate that the liquid phase was squeezed out along the radial direction prior the solid phase at the beginning of compression. Stress-strain curve represented obvious fluctuation at lower strain rates. That resulted from stress reduction caused by more liquid evolving with a lower strain rate at an elevated temperature. Plastic deformation was detected in grains and the dislocations of 1/3<11¯00> dominated the deformation, while and 1/3<12¯10> just been activated at the beginning of SSC process. The results of EBSD showed the grains size was refined into about 38.8 μm from 92.3 μm after SSC process. During the process, grain refinement resulted in the increase of low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs), and a strong (0001) basal plane texture evolved at the end. The higher the strain rates, the stronger the texture.

Surface texture topography evaluation and classification by considering the tool posture changes in five-axis milling

Surface texture topography affects the performance of industrial parts, such as precision and service life. Different tool postures may lead to various texture topographies in five-axis milling. In this paper, surface texture topography quality and texture trend evaluation indexes are proposed considering the influence of tool posture in five-axis milling. Based on the evaluation, the ranges of tool posture angles corresponding to surface texture topographies of different characteristic are obtained through surface texture topographies classification. The result can provide reference for singularity avoidance in path planning and machining error compensation in five-axis milling. The influence of tool posture change on the surface texture quality could be avoided while adjusting the tool posture angle in the determined range. Firstly, the general tool cutting edge point expression with the typical structure parameters of the end mills is proposed. The general digital model of surface texture topography is established with the improvement of the unit time calculation and computing vertex judgment in simulation. Secondly, several evaluation indexes are proposed to represent the quality and the overall trend of the surface texture topography with digital extraction of indexes realized on the surface digital model. On this basis, the classification of the surface texture topographies and the determination of the range of tool posture angle for each class of textures are proposed. Thirdly, the evaluation and classification of the ball-end milling plane texture topographies are carried out, which divide the texture topographies into zero-inclination angle textures and non-zero inclination angle textures. The surface textures are further divided to detailed five categories with the tool posture angle range determined. Different tool posture angles of the same class are used to generate a texture topography for the comparison to verify the evaluation indexes and the classification result. Finally, the plane cutting orthogonal experiments are carried out. The general surface digital model is verified by the comparison in surface texture characteristic of different types of mills between digital model and machined surface. Based on the ball-end milling plane classification result, the machined surface textures and extracted indexes are compared to verify the effectiveness of the proposed evaluation indexes and the classification result. The fillet-end milling surface textures are further classified and verified based on the method above. In addition, the spherical surface textures of ball-end milling are carried out for further verification.