In-line Diesel Engine Research Articles

Study on heat dissipation of torsional vibration damper for engine crankshaft

Abstract High temperatures in torsional vibration dampers can cause silicone oil to fail, increasing crankshaft vibration and shortening component fatigue life. Accurate prediction of the damper temperature field is key to the manufacture of highly reliable torsional vibration dampers. This study establishes the relationship between temperature, torsional vibration amplitude, silicone oil viscosity, rotational speed, housing and inertia ring clearance, and heat generation power based on Comsol. A bench test was carried out on a 6-cylinder inline diesel engine. The simulated temperature profile matched the tested result in terms of trend and relative value, and the established model could accurately predict the temperature field of the engine crankshaft torsional vibration damper.

Impact of variable exhaust valve timing on diesel engine characteristics fueled with waste cooking oil biofuel blends: A numerical analysis

The quantity of the conventional sources of energy such as petroleum, coal, and the deposits of hydrocarbon are limited in nature. The rapid growth is observed in the industrial and transportation section due to increase in population that has compelled the mankind to look for an alternative to conventional fuels. Biodiesel can be a potential substitute due to its ease of availability, accessibility, lower cost, and nontoxic characteristics. In this study, waste cooking oil (WCO) as the feedstock for biodiesel due to its abundance and low prices is chosen. It has been observed that the high prices of cooking oil have compelled people to reuse it multiple times, which can have negative health consequences such as inflammation, cholesterol issues, diabetes, and cancer. However, if people can obtain WCO at a reasonable cost, they will refrain from reusing it repeatedly. This article presents a numerical method that investigates the effects of variable exhaust valve timing on the performance, emissions, and combustion parameters of WCO and its different blends in a conventional mechanical fuel injection system diesel. The study was conducted using a single-cylinder, water-cooled, in-line diesel engine running at a constant speed. As, it is not possible to determine the values of engine performance, emissions, and combustion parameters for different valve timings experimentally, a numerical method has been adopted. The valve timing range was taken as 46–66° before bottom dead center (BDC) for exhaust valve opening and 6–20° after top dead center (TDC) for exhaust valve closing and the inlet valve opening and closing are constant at 16° b TDC and 33° a BDC, respectively.

Assessment of performance and emission characteristics of an off-highway vehicle engine fuelled with renewable fuel blends

In this study, Chlorella vulgaris biofuel was selected for the testing of a twin-cylinder vertical in-line diesel engine with different blends of algae fuel with diesel such as B20 (20% algae biodiesel blend with 80% diesel), B40 and B60 by incorporating exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and without EGR condition. With EGR, the brake thermal efficiency of B60, B40 and B20 shown a 15%, 11% and 19% increase, respectively, compared with that of without EGR operation. The NO x exhausts of a diesel engine with B60, B40 and B20 blends are observed to be more by 11.1%, 14.3% and 38.6%, respectively, than that of the diesel operation without EGR condition, whereas, when EGR was admitted by 25% by volume, the NO x emissions were observed to be reduced by 64.8%, 70.4% and 71.8% for B60, B40 and B20 blends in comparison to the diesel fuel operation.

Misfire detection of diesel engine based on convolutional neural networks

With the ever-stringent vehicles exhaust emission standard and higher requirements on on-board diagnostic technology, the importance of misfire detection in vehicle emission control is emerging. The performance of a traditional misfire detection algorithm predominantly depends on the features and classifier selected. Fixed and handcrafted features require either a reliable dynamic model of an engine or a large number of experiment data to define the threshold, and then, form a map. Since convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have an inherent adaptive design and integrate the feature extraction with classification functions into a compact learning framework, the misfire fault-sensitive features can be auto-discovered from raw speed signals. Furthermore, CNNs can detect the fault features of the misfire through network training with fewer engine operating conditions. In this paper, the theory and method of the misfire diagnosis based on CNNs are presented. The experimental data for network training and testing are sampled on a six-cylinder inline diesel engine. The misfire patterns containing every one-cylinder and two-cylinder misfire are tested under the wide speed and load conditions of the engine. The results show that when the engine operates under steady-state conditions, one-cylinder or two-cylinder complete misfires can be detected accurately by CNNs. In addition, one-cylinder partial misfire is employed to examine the adaptability of trained 1-D CNN. It turns out that when the partial misfire reaches the same level as half amount of the normal fuel injection quantity, one-cylinder partial misfire can be detected with accuracy more than 96%. At last, the misfire detection under the non-stationary conditions, such as acceleration or deceleration, is conducted. The results show the 1-D CNN performed well in a limited acceleration range, and network failure occurs when the absolute acceleration of the engine speed is more than 100 r/min/s.

Study of the effect of the EGR heat exchanger on the internal combustion engine cooling system

The article presents a study and modification of the cooling system of a KAMAZ R6 in-line diesel engine using a heat exchanger of the combustion products recirculation system in the Simcenter AMESim one-dimensional simulation software. In the course of the research, the problems of engine overheating when using a heat exchanger of the combustion products recirculation system were identified, and possible solutions were proposed and investigated to optimize the temperature level of the coolant in the engine cooling system. Keywords one-dimensional modeling, 1D modeling, ICE, internal combustion engine, heat exchange, cooling system, CO, heat exchanger, heat exchanger, TA

Cylinder Bore Deformation Finite Element Analysis Methodology for Inline Engines and Parametric Optimization

Cylinder bore deformation plays an important role between piston and cylinder bore. The cylinder bore deformation may happen due to manufacturing process tolerances, assembly loading, thermal loading and dynamic gas loading. It has significant impact on the friction, fuel economy, lubricant oil consumption, reduction in power, increase in emissions, uneven power generation in different cylinders etc. This work proposes FEA analysis procedure that could be used to evaluate the cylinder bore distortion due to assembly (clamping) load of cylinder head bolts. Cylinder bore deformation due to head bolt clamp loading is predicted using FEA analysis package MSC NASTRAN for 3 cylinder inline Diesel engine. The effect of various parameters like effect of increase in pretension force on amount of bore deformation are studied. The predicted results are compared with previous experimental results and fair agreement have been observed.

Thermodynamic analysis of a four-stroke compression ignition engine fueled by corn biodiesel blends and pure diesel

ABSTRACT Energy is a determining factor for the global economy blossom. Nowadays, near 80% of the entire energy obtained from fossil fuel is principally applied for transportation area. Exhaustion of fossil fuel sources and greenhouse gases discharge inspire to the search of alternative fuels such as biodiesel. Due to the similar fuel attributes, biodiesel can be regarded as a replacement for diesel. In this study, it is aimed to produce biodiesel blends using Corn oil by employing the Transesterification method. Energy and exergy analyses for pure diesel and Corn biodiesel fuels were conducted operating a direct injection and four-cylinder in-line diesel engine with 3970 c.c. At 50%, and 100% engine load for the speed of 1700 and 2400 rpm. Brake-specific fuel consumption, Energy parameters (Input energy, Brake thermal efficiency of the engine, Combustion efficiency, and Energy losses), and exergy parameters (Exergy destruction and exergy efficiency) were assessed. It was found that by increases in brake thermal efficiency, the brake-specific fuel consumption lowers. At 1700 rpm and 100% load, B30 Corn biodiesel blend has the lowest brake-specific fuel consumption and has the best efficiency. At 2400 rpm, B30 Corn biodiesel blend presents the lowest fuel consumption and the highest efficiency. In the case of exergy analyses, B10 Corn biodiesel shows the highest exergy efficiency in both engine speeds. And the Corn biodiesel blends present the lowest exergy destruction in all engine states.

Energy-exergy analysis of compression ignition engine running with biodiesel fuel extracted from four different oil-basis materials

ABSTRACTEnergy is a determining factor for the global economy blossom. Nowadays, near 80% of the entire energy obtained from fossil fuel is principally applied for transportation area. Exhaustion of fossil fuel sources and greenhouse gases discharge inspire to the search of alternative fuels such as biodiesel. Due to the similar fuel attributes, biodiesel can be regarded as a replacement for diesel. In this study, it is aimed at producing four different biodiesel blends using sunflower oil, corn oil, canola oil, and restaurant waste oil by employing the Transesterification method. Energy and exergy analyses for pure diesel and four extracted biodiesel fuels were conducted operating a direct injection and four-cylinder in-line diesel engine with 3970 c.c. At 50%, and 100% engine load for the speed of 1700 and 2400 rpm. Brake specific fuel consumption, Energy parameters (Input energy, Brake thermal efficiency of the engine, Combustion efficiency, and Energy losses), and exergy parameters (Exergy destruction and exergy efficiency) were assessed. It was found that by increases in brake thermal efficiency, the brake-specific fuel consumption lowers. At 1700 rpm, B20 canola biodiesel blend has the lowest brake-specific fuel consumption and has the best efficiency. At 2400 rpm, B10 canola biodiesel blend presents the lowest fuel consumption and the highest efficiency. In the case of exergy analyses, B10 canola biodiesel shows the highest exergy efficiency in both engine speeds. And the canola biodiesel blends present the lowest exergy destruction in all engine states.

Influence of piston pin hole offset on cavity erosion of diesel engine cylinder liner

In order to reduce the striking and lateral force between piston and wet cylinder liner of diesel engines as well as to curb the cavitation of the cylinder liner, the influence of the piston pin hole offset on cavitation was systematically investigated. The bench test was carried out by employing the six cylinder inline diesel engine with different offset of piston pin hole, then the surface and section of the cylinder liner were measured and observed. In addition, the kinetic energy of piston as well as the vibration acceleration of cylinder liner under different offset of piston pin hole were calculated by dynamic numerical simulation comparing with the corresponding characteristics of the secondary motion. The results showed that after 500 h of running under standard conditions, obvious cavities were found on the cylinder liner without any offset of piston which expanded rapidly. By contrast, a good surface condition was found in the scheme with an negative offset. Meanwhile, the kinetic energy of piston reduced monotonously when the offset of the pin hole increased from 0 to −1.2 mm. Precisely, the maximum of kinetic energy corresponding to −0.5 mm and −0.8 mm offsets decreased by 41% and 59% respectively. Although it was even lower at −1.2 mm, the corresponding friction loss rose significantly which was detrimental to the stable operation between piston and cylinder liner. In addition, the vibration acceleration of cylinder liner in each scheme also decreased monotonically with the increase of the absolute value of the negative offset of the piston pin hole with a faint amplitude of fluctuation. Therefore, an appropriate negative offset of the pin hole could effectively improve the impact of the secondary motion of piston on the cylinder liner so as to effectively impede the cavitation which lays the foundation for enhancing the stability of the engine.

Real-Time Angular Velocity-Based Misfire Detection Using Artificial Neural Networks

In this paper, an artificial neural network (ANN) is introduced in order to detect the occurrence of misfire in an internal combustion (IC) engine by analyzing the crankshaft angular velocity. This study presents three reliable misfire detection procedures. In the first two methods, the fault features are extracted using both time domain and frequency domain techniques, and a multilayer perceptron (MLP) serves as the pattern recognition tool for detecting the misfiring cylinder. In the third method, a one-dimensional (1D) convolutional neural network (CNN) that combines feature extraction capability and pattern recognition is adopted for misfire detection. The experimental data are obtained by setting a six in-line diesel engine with different cylinder misfiring to work under representative operating conditions. Finally, all three diagnostic methods achieved satisfactory results, and the 1D CNN achieved the best performance. The current study provides a novel way to detect misfiring in IC engines.

Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics of a Twin Cylinder 4 Stroke Diesel Engine Using Nano-tubes Blended Waste Fry Oil Methyl Ester

Abstract The consumption of fossil fuel, such as petroleum products, enhanced day to day. Hence the need for exploration of alternative fuels to reduce the degradation of fossil fuels and the use of new renewable energy is ahead momentum. Pollution increases due to the use of petroleum products and diesel fuels for various purposes, thus reducing pollution is a major issue. Biodiesel is becoming a more useful replacement for petroleum fuels due to increased brake thermal efficiency, equivalent energy density, and fewer emissions. In the present work, a new oil called waste fry oil methyl ester [WFOME] was used as an alternative fuel which is locally available [from potato chips industry].Multi-walled carbon nanotubes in 25ppm and 50ppm mass fractions were then added to WFOME to prepare biodiesel fuel blends. These blends were prepared with the help of an ultrasonicator. An experimental investigation was performed on a twin cylinder four strokes vertical in-line diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel-MWCNT blends to find out its characteristics such as performance, combustion, and emission. The resulting engine's break thermal efficiency was significantly increased and harmful emissions and environmental pollution have reduced.

Research on torsional vibration reduction of crankshaft in off-road diesel engine by simulation and experiment

Formerly, torsional vibration of crankshaft in off-highway diesel engine (agricultural machinery) were given little attention at their developmental stages, however with increasing agricultural activities, numerous torsional vibration problems have been noted to occur in agricultural machinery, especially in their diesel engines. This results in engine vibration, crankshaft failure and undesirable engine noise. In this paper, a six-cylinder four-stroke inline diesel engine’s crankshaft model was developed using AVL Excite Designer. After experimentally validating the model, it was used to numerically determine the torsional vibrations of a crankshaft. For the reduction of torsional vibration, two methods of crankshaft improvements were proposed based on simulation results. The first method, is to decrease the inertia of the crank pulley while the second, involves the replacement of the crank pulley with a torsional vibration damper. To ensure minimal engine alterations and cost effectiveness, the second improvement method was adopted for improving torsional vibration. Afterwards, engine radiating noise and surface vibration measurements were conducted to ensure that the required limits were achieved by the improved engine. The simulation, experiment and the improvement process of the crankshaft torsional vibration are documented further in this research. These improvements have applicable values in the developmental or quality enhancement stage of diesel engines used in agricultural machinery.

Thermal analysis of hydrodynamic lubricated journal bearings in internal combustion engines

Hydrodynamic journal bearings are essential components in the internal combustion engines. The prediction of their reliability, durability, and economy, and also of their friction loss power and wear, are of highest importance. For an appropriate representation of the hydrodynamic load-carrying capacity and also the friction behavior, the multibody dynamics of the contacting components, the shape of the contacting component surfaces, the amount of the available lubricant, and the properties of the lubricant itself are of importance. A Reynolds-averaged equation with laminar flow conditions in combination with a dry asperity contact model and a multibody dynamic simulation of the structural components is a typical modeling approach for that purpose. Furthermore, this paper shows a newly developed model for the temperature distribution in the lubricant and the bearing structures. It includes thermal interface conditions between these domains, which incorporates the asperity energy source and predicts the temperature in supply areas. The presented method is applied for a typical engineering task of a sensitivity analysis for oils with different viscosity index improvers in a main bearing of a four-cylinder inline diesel engine. The influence of the oil film temperature on the oil film viscosity and, therefore, on the load-carrying capacity is shown. Furthermore, the simplified two-dimensional approach is compared with a three-dimensional approach in terms of the obtained result. The presented results show similar accuracy of the two-dimensional approach compared to the equivalent three-dimensional case.

Piston ring-cylinder liner tribology investigation in mixed lubrication regime: part I-correlation with bench experiment

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to improve the environment and save energy, friction reduction, lower oil consumption and emissions demand that are the chief objectives of the automotive industry. The piston system is the largest frictional loss source, which accounts for about 40 per cent of the total frictional loss in engine. In this paper, the reciprocating tribometer, which is updated, was used to evaluate the friction and wear performances. Design/methodology/approach – An alternate method is introduced to investigate the effect of reciprocating speed, normal load, oil pump speed and ring sample and oil temperature on friction coefficient with the ring/liner of a typical inline diesel engine. The orthogonal experiment is designed to identify the factors that dominate wear behavior. To understand the correlations between friction coefficients and wear well, different friction coefficient results were compared and explained by oil film build-up and asperity contact theory, such as the friction coefficient over a long period and averaged the friction coefficient over one revolution. Findings – The friction coefficient changes little but fluctuates with a small amplitude in the stable stage. The sudden change of frequency, load and stroke will lead to the oil film rupture. The identification for the factors that dominates the wear loss is ranged as F (ring sample) > , E (oil sample) > , B (stroke) > , D (temperature) > , A (load) > , G (liner) > and C (frequency). Originality/value – This paper develops and verifies a methodology capable of mimicking the real engine behavior at boundary and mixed lubrication regimes which can minimize frictional losses, wear, reduce much work for the experiment and reduce the cost. The originality of the work is well qualified, as very few papers on a similar analysis have been published, such as: The friction coefficient values fluctuating in the whole stage may be caused by the vibration of the system; suddenly, boundary alternation may help the oil film to form the lubrication; and weight loss mainly comes from the contribution of the friction coefficient value fluctuation. The paper also found that the statistics can gain more information from less experiment time based on a design of experiment.

Simulation Model of Four Stroke, Six Cylinder Marine Diesel Engine

The paper presents a model of dynamics of six-cylinder inline diesel engine executed in the Matlab software. The basic equations necessary to describe the forces acting during the engine operation was presented. Application of some simplifications allowed to present proposal of a mathematical model of the engine, which allows analysis of changes of forces in the crank-piston system, depending on the technical condition of the fuel system elements. Operational experience indicate that one of the most common cause of failure of the fuel system is reduced fuel charge supplied by a defective fuel injection pump. Calculations of gas forces had been replaced by the implementation into the model indication charts recorded from tests on a engine test stand. Simulation results were presented as a result of FFT spectra of modeled tangential forces.

Fast thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic modeling approach for mixed lubricated journal bearings in internal combustion engines

Journal bearings are key components in internal combustion engines. Their reliability, durability, and economy are of highest importance. Especially, the accurate prediction of friction loss power and wear are essential for the development of an engine. For an appropriate representation of the hydrodynamic load-carrying capacity and also the friction behavior, both the dynamics of the contacting components, the shape of the contacting component surfaces, the amount of the available lubricant, and the properties of the lubricant itself are of importance. A Reynolds-averaged equation with laminar flow conditions in combination with an asperity contact model is a typical modeling approach for that purpose. The lubricant properties are in particular influenced by its thermal conditions on one hand. On the other hand, the thermal conditions are influenced by the mixed lubricated contact conditions as well. These interactions require a coupled modeling approach, which combines the component flexibility and its interaction with load-carrying capacity as well as the thermal behavior of the lubricant and the component surfaces. In this work, a thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic contact model is presented, which computes the oil film temperature using a 2D energy equation. The 2D equation is derived from the equivalent 3D energy equation by integration over the clearance gap height. Besides component material properties such as specific heat capacity, density, heat conductivity for lubricant and structures, also heat transfer through mixed lubricated regimes and partly filled clearance gaps, as implied in cavitation regions, are being considered. The presented method is applied for a typical engineering task of a sensitivity analysis for oils with different viscosity index (VI) improvers in a main bearing of a four-cylinder inline diesel engine. The influence of the oil film temperature on the oil film viscosity and therefore on the load-carrying capacity is shown. Furthermore, the simplified 2D approach is compared with a 3D approach both in terms of obtained result data and in terms of elapsed calculation times. The presented results show similar accuracy of the 2D approach with significantly reduced simulation time compared to the equivalent 3D case.

Vibration and noise source identification methods for a diesel engine

In this study, we used a four-cylinder inline diesel engine as an example to explain how to use test methods and multi-body dynamic techniques to identify the exact source of noise and vibration. A 1 meter noise test was conducted to indicate that the engine front end is the main source of noise. The near-field sound intensity method and the near-field acoustic holography technique were used to identify the chain drive system as the source of noise and vibration. A 3D dynamic analysis model of the timing chain drive system was established using RecurDyn software. Results of the analysis show that the hydraulic tensioner is incompatible with the timing drive system of the bush roller chain. Hence, the timing chain system causes a loud noise and strong vibration. Some strategies on how to optimize the timing chain drive system are presented at the end of this paper.

Analysis of hydrodynamic loads on performance characteristics of engine main bearings

This article aims to present a numerical study of the behavior of engine main bearings under dynamic load. The coupling performance characteristics of oil film between crankshaft and engine block are analyzed. The film pressure is solved numerically with Reynolds boundary conditions when various bearing characteristics are calculated. Hydrodynamic lubrication is analyzed with finite difference method for solving the Reynolds equation for thermo effect. The other models, such as engine block and crankshaft-connecting rod system, are processed by utilizing the finite element method. Above this system, model applied in this paper is simulated by employing multi-body dynamic method to capture the dynamic characteristics of engine dynamic simulation. Through the methods mentioned above, the performance characteristics of engine main bearings under hydrodynamic loads in a six-cylinder in-line diesel engine were received. And the orbit movement, minimum oil film thickness, and power loss in the bearing were estimated over the wide range of engine operation.

Effects of the injection timing on the engine performance and the exhaust emissions of a diesel engine fuelled by tyre pyrolysis oil–diesel blends

In this study, the production of tyre pyrolysis oil using pyrolysis between the temperatures of 673 K and 873 K is reported. The effects of the injection timing on the performance and the exhaust emissions of a four-cylinder in-line diesel engine using tyre pyrolysis oil blends (in 10% increments from 0% to 20%) are experimentally investigated. The engine speeds are set at 1440 r/min, 2160 r/min and 3600 r/min under a constant engine load (85 N m). Adjusting the shim thickness adjusts the injection timings at 10° crank angle before top dead centre, 14° crank angle before top dead centre and 18° crank angle before top dead centre. The experimental results indicate that tyre pyrolysis oil blends with identical injection timings generate higher levels of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide emissions and increased the brake specific fuel consumption, as well as reducing the oxygen emission, compared with the corresponding situation when diesel is used. An advanced injection timing in all the test situations resulted in lower carbon monoxide and oxygen concentrations than the default injection timing did. However, the nitrogen oxide concentration is higher than that for the default injection timing. In contrast, although a delayed injection timing can reduce the nitrogen oxide and oxygen emission concentrations, the carbon monoxide emission concentrations are increased. Regarding the brake specific fuel consumption, the advanced and the delayed injection timings result in negative effects for all the test situations and oil samples.

Vibrating Simulation of Diesel Engine Based on Multi-Body Dynamics

Taking example of a four-cylinder inline diesel engine that used in vehicle, this paper makes an assembly engine of three-dimensional that based on virtual prototype technology. While using the flexible-body dynamics simulation, the main bearing load that effect engine’s vibration will be gained. And the key point vibration response will be gained when the support part constrained. The experimental results coincide with the simulation results shows the correction of the simulation analysis. The initial stage of the vibration can be predicted by using the method of multi-body system analysis, and this guide the designer to identify the engine vibration.