In-kind Contribution Research Articles

Local Cryogenics for the SIS100 at FAIR

In the coming years a new international accelerator Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR), one of the largest research projects worldwide, will be build close to Darmstadt in Germany. FAIR will provide antiproton and ion beams with unprecedented intensity and quality. One of its major accelerators will be a synchrotron called SIS100 having a circumference of about 1100 meters. The SIS100 tunnel will house a complex cryogenic system supplying up to 20 kW cooling capacity @ 4.5 K to about 300 superconducting fast ramped magnets and other physics equipment. The planned SIS100 local cryogenic system can be principally divided into three sections each fed from a separate Feed Box. Every Feed Box supplies 4.5 K helium for magnet, vacuum chamber, cryo collimator, current lead and bus-bar cooling as well as 50 K helium for the current lead and thermal shield cooling, independently to two sixth of the ring. Each sixth of the ring, so called sextant, consists of a cold arc and a straight warm section. By-pass Lines circumvent the straight warm sections of the sextants, where warm equipment (e.g. normal conducting cavities and magnets) is located. Between the warm equipment, are superconducting magnets located which also need to be supplied from the By-pass Lines with helium and cold electrical connections. The By-pass Lines are Polish in-kind contribution, coordinated by the Jagiellonian University of Krakow and will be designed, manufactured and commissioned by the Wroclaw University of Technology. In this paper the SIS100 local cryogenic system will be described with focus on the By-pass Lines and on magnet cooling including the balancing of differences between dipole and quadrupole circuits and the coping with dynamic loads.

Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) Case Study Analysis Reveals the True Added Value of Early-Phase Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs).

The Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) is a Joint Technology Initiative (JTI) between the European Union, represented by the European Commission (EC), and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA). IMI is currently the world's largest public-private partnership, or PPP, in the biomedical sciences (Box 1). The IMI was set up to boost the competitiveness of Europe in the biopharmaceutical field. IMI was launched in 2008, upon identification of the key bottlenecks in research that should be overcome to stimulate innovation in the drug development process.1 IMI brings the different stakeholders (pharmaceutical companies, small- and medium-sized enterprises [SMEs], universities, public research laboratories, patient organizations [POs], and healthcare regulators) together in PPPs. The IMI is situated at a pre-discovery or proof-of-concept (POC) stage and covers early research to improve needed and poorly understood science. The IMI Strategic Research Agenda (SRA), targeting key challenges such as safety and efficacy prediction, knowledge management, and education and training, was implemented to enhance the competitiveness of the pharmaceutical sector in Europe for the benefit of patients and scientists.2 In 2009, the first IMI consortia conducting projects addressing the SRA key challenges were initiated. Since then, IMI has already launched 49 consortia via 11 competitive Calls, and project execution of IMI projects will run until end of 2017.3 The total budget allocated to IMI is two billion euros (2008–2014), money equally invested by the EC (cash contribution) and EFPIA (in-kind and cash contribution).4 Box 1. Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) in Numbers

Economic comparison of the monitoring programmes for bluetongue vectors in Austria and Switzerland

With the bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8) outbreak in 2006, vector monitoring programmes (according to EU regulation 1266/2007) were implemented by European countries to obtain information on the spatial distribution...

An Article on Shareholders' Preemptive Right in Case of In-kind Contribution

An Article on Shareholders' Preemptive Right in Case of In-kind Contribution

Completion of TF Strand Production and Progress of TF Conductor Manufacture for JT-60SA Project

In the framework of the JT-60SA project, aiming at upgrading the present JT-60U tokamak, Europe, as part of its in-kind contribution within the Broader Approach agreement, will provide the toroidal field (TF) magnet system. For this purpose, Fusion for Energy is committed to procure about 29 km of TF conductor. The TF conductor is cable-in-conduit type and includes 486 strands (2/3 NbTi-1/3 copper) wrapped with a thin stainless steel foil and compacted into a rectangular stainless steel jacket. The procurement is split into two main contracts: one for TF strand manufacturing and the other for TF conductor cabling and jacketing. TF strand manufacture was completed while the TF conductor one is being finished. In the present paper, we draw an overview of both productions emphasizing on the quality control (QC) approaches and on aspects relevant to risk management of the JT-60SA tokamak operation. For the NbTi strand, the complete production overview is provided including extensive statistical considerations on NbTi strand critical performances ( IC, TCS). For the TF conductor, the overview also deals with collected results from acceptance tests and peripheral tests led for consolidating the QC (hydraulic tests, nondestructive examination, full-size sample cold tests in SULTAN facility).

Experience on Series Production of the Superconducting Magnet Package for the Linear Accelerator of the European XFEL

The procurement of 103 superconducting magnet packages is part of the Spanish in-kind contribution to the European X-FEL. Each package consists of a main superferric quadrupole and two steerers, vertical and horizontal, fed by conduction-cooled current leads and enclosed in a stainless steel vessel. The operation temperature is 2 K, as they are embedded in a superfluid helium bath. The magnetic and mechanical designs are published elsewhere. The magnets are being produced in the Spanish company ANTEC, while the vessels are fabricated by another Spanish company, Trinos Vacuum-Projects, which is also responsible for the integration, under the supervision of CIEMAT. The helium vessel manufacturer needs to accomplish the requirements given by the European Pressure Equipment Directive, namely PED 97/23/EC. This paper describes the series fabrication techniques, the production follow-up, the quality assurance, and the magnet testing at the manufacturer site. Cold tests are realized at DESY premises. The main problems found during the fabrication of the first half of the series are also reported: 1) the reproducibility of the quadrupole coil dimensions; 2) the accuracy of the beam position monitor housing after final welding of the vessel; and 3) the minimization of the magnetization effects on the transfer function of the magnets.

Experimental and Analytical Approaches on JT—60SA TF Strand and TF Conductor Quality Control During Qualification and Production Manufacture Stages

In the framework of the JT-60SA project, aiming at upgrading the present JT-60U tokamak, Europe as part of its in-kind contribution within the Broader Approach agreement, will provide the full Toroidal Field (TF) magnet system. For this purpose, Fusion for Energy is committed to procure about 27 km of TF conductor. The TF conductor is cable-in-conduit type and includes 486 strands (2/3 NbTi-1/3 copper) wrapped with a thin stainless steel foil and embedded into a rectangular stainless steel jacket. The procurement is split into two main contracts: one for strand manufacturing and the other for cabling and jacketing. After having successfully passed the qualification stage, strand and conductor are now in mass production stage. In the present paper, we emphasize on the scientific and quality control approaches of both TF strand and TF conductor productions. For the NbTi strand, the focus is on design and measurement of performance critical aspects (CuNi barrier design optimization, AC losses, TCS performance, etc.). For Cu strand the main issue is RRR. For the TF conductor, the topics presented cover hydraulic correlation validation measurements (pressure drop tests), geometrical advanced controls, and electromagnetic behavior (hotspot checks and mainly the experimental results of the TF conductor full-size samples tested in SULTAN facility). The article presents comparisons of numerical simulation and experimental results used to confirm the design and the manufacturing processes.

JT-60SA Toroidal Field Coils test cryostat development

Within the Broader Approach Agreement, Fusion for Energy will deliver to the Japanese Atomic Energy Association, amongst other components, the 18 Toroidal Field Coils (TFCs) for the superconducting Tokamak JT-60SA [1]. These coils will be individually tested at cryogenic temperatures and at the nominal current in a test cryostat. This cryostat is provided as an in-kind contribution by Belgium and is being developed jointly with CEA-Saclay/France.The vessel is large, oval shaped with an overall length of 11m, a width of 7.2m and a height of 6.5m. To reduce the heat load to the coils the cryostat is covered by LN2 cooled thermal shields. In addition to the cryostat, three test frames for the coils, the valve box vessel and the insulation vacuum system are also provided by Belgium. The Belgian contribution is design, manufacturing, assembly and test of the vacuum chamber, thermal shield and test frames by the Belgian company Ateliers de la Meuse (ALM), with the support of Centre Spatial de Liège (CSL). The TF coil test facility is assembled and the coil tests are performed by CEA/Saclay.The Belgian contribution, namely the design, manufacturing, assembly and test of the vacuum vessel, the thermal shields, and the test frames as well as of the vacuum pumping system are described in the presentation.

Know-how as an In-kind Contribution to Commercial Companies: An in a Nutshell Analysis under the Polish Company Law

This present paper presents a few thoughts on specific, yet very important, problem pertaining to corporate law arising from making an in-kind contribution in a form of know-how. The issue in question has been discussed under the Polish law with special emphasis put on issues referring to know-how valuation.

An atmospheric radiation model for Cerro Paranal

The Earth's atmosphere affects ground-based astronomical observations. Scattering, absorption, and radiation processes deteriorate the signal-to-noise ratio of the data received. For scheduling astronomical observations it is, therefore, important to accurately estimate the wavelength-dependent effect of the Earth's atmosphere on the observed flux. In order to increase the accuracy of the exposure time calculator of the European Southern Observatory's (ESO) Very Large Telescope (VLT) at Cerro Paranal, an atmospheric model was developed as part of the Austrian ESO In-Kind contribution. It includes all relevant components, such as scattered moonlight, scattered starlight, zodiacal light, atmospheric thermal radiation and absorption, and non-thermal airglow emission. This paper focuses on atmospheric scattering processes that mostly affect the blue (< 0.55 mum) wavelength regime, and airglow emission lines and continuum that dominate the red (> 0.55 mum) wavelength regime. While the former is mainly investigated by means of radiative transfer models, the intensity and variability of the latter is studied with a sample of 1186 VLT FORS1 spectra. For a set of parameters such as the object altitude angle, Moon-object angular distance, ecliptic latitude, bimonthly period, and solar radio flux, our model predicts atmospheric radiation and transmission at a requested resolution. A comparison of our model with the FORS1 spectra and photometric data for the night-sky brightness from the literature, suggest a model accuracy of about 20%. This is a significant improvement with respect to existing predictive atmospheric models for astronomical exposure time calculators.

Development of a Test Bench for Magnetic Measurements on E-XFEL Phase Shifters

A test bench has been developed for the magnetic measurements on the Phase Shifters for E-XFEL. It will be part of the Spanish in-kind contribution to this new research facility. The most challenging specification of the phase shifter is given for the variation of the first field integrals (in both horizontal and vertical components), with a tolerance interval of ±4 × 10-6 T·m. Besides, it is necessary to measure the phase integral as a function of gap for the proper operation of the accelerator. Different systems have been analyzed during the conceptual design of the test bench. Finally, the selected configuration is based on a long coil and a voltage integrator, because of its high accuracy and moderate complexity. The objective of this paper is to describe the development of this device (including design, manufacturing, assembly and calibration) and to present the measurements performed on the first phase shifter prototypes. Especial attention has been paid to the treatment of the raw data to compensate the systematic errors and deficiencies of the method.

Foreword

The present supplemental issue contains selected papers from the presentations made during the GULF II conference “The State of the Gulf Ecosystem: Functioning and Services” held in Kuwait on February 7–9, 2011. The conference was organized by Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR), and the Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management Society (AEHMS), Canada. It was sponsored by Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Science (KFAS) and Environment Protection Authority (EPA), Kuwait. Scientists from the Gulf States and from other countries, who are closely connected with the Gulf research, presented their observations on the state of the Gulf. The program consisted of 57 oral presentations, 36 posters and several invited lectures, presented as keynote addresses.All papers submitted for publication were subjected to peer review, and those accepted are included in this special issue.We sincerely thank Dr. Naji Al-Mutairi, Director General of KISR for his support and Dr. Dhari Al-Ajmi, Chairman of the conference and Ex-Director of Environment &amp; Urban Division (KISR), for his interest. Thanks are also due to the Director General of KFAS, Director General of EPA, Chairman of La’ala Khiran Real Estate Company, Kuwait Fund and to Oula Petroleum Company for their financial support. The contribution of UNESCO Bahrain and in-kind contribution of the Al-Anbaa newspaper is also appreciated.Finally, we would like to thank AEHMS secretariat for organizing and developing this special issue and KISR for providing funds for its publication. We hope that this supplemental issue will enhance our knowledge and understanding of the Gulf ecosystem, its functioning and management.

On Legal Problems in Taxing the In-Kind Contribution under Korean Corporate Taxation Act

On Legal Problems in Taxing the In-Kind Contribution under Korean Corporate Taxation Act

In-kind Contribution of Properties and Tax Deferral - Comparative analysis with the rules of the U.S. and Japan –

In-kind Contribution of Properties and Tax Deferral - Comparative analysis with the rules of the U.S. and Japan –

ITER on the road to fusion energy

On 21 November 2006, the government representatives of China, the European Union, India, Japan, Korea, Russia and the United States firmly committed to building the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) [1] by signing the ITER Agreement. The ITER Organization, which was formally established on 24 October 2007 after ratification of the ITER Agreement in each Member country, is the outcome of a two-decade-long collaborative effort aimed at demonstrating the scientific and technical feasibility of fusion energy.Each ITER partner has established a Domestic Agency (DA) for the construction of ITER, and the ITER Organization, based in Cadarache, in Southern France, is growing at a steady pace. The total number of staff reached 398 people from more than 20 nations by the end of September 2009. ITER will be built largely (90%) through in-kind contribution by the seven Members. On site, the levelling of the 40 ha platform has been completed. The roadworks necessary for delivering the ITER components from Fos harbour, close to Marseille, to the site are in the final stage of completion. With the aim of obtaining First Plasma in 2018, a new reference schedule has been developed by the ITER Organization and the DAs. Rapid attainment of the ITER goals is critical to accelerate fusion development—a crucial issue today in a world of increasing competition for scarce resources.

Partnership Between an Educational Institution and a Healthcare Agency-Lessons Learned: Part I

The purpose of this paper is to provide a model of a partnership program between a major educational institution and a large community medical center that has become a win-win situation for both, which enabled the former to double its undergraduate nursing (BSN) program when it was on the verge of reducing enrollments by 33% because of repeated financial cuts, and a healthcare agency (HCA) to find a creative way of hiring BSN-educated registered nurses in perpetuity, thus reducing their $2 million a month recruitment expenses. This was a 5-year, $15 million partnership between California State University, Long Beach, School of Nursing and Long Beach Memorial Medical Center/Miller Children's Hospital. The HCA contributed the $10 million in funds and in in-kind contributions in the form of facilities and adjunct clinical professors, and the university contributed the $5 million, all in in-kind contribution by doubling the lecture classes without additional cost. The project started in the spring of 2004. To date, eight groups have graduated from this program for a total of 288 additional BSN graduates. Retention rate has been a minimum of 95%. Over 95% of the graduates have been hired by the participating HCA. Indeed, it has been a win-win situation for both.

Emission and transmission tomography systems to be developed for the future needs of Jules Horowitz material testing reactor

The new 100 MW Jules Horowitz material testing reactor will be built in Cadarache, France. It will support, for instance, research on new types of innovative nuclear fuel. As a Finnish in-kind contribution, 3D emission and transmission tomography equipment will be delivered for both the reactor and the active component storage pool. The image reconstruction of activities inside the used nuclear fuel will be based on gamma spectrometry measurements. A new type of underwater digital X-ray linear detector array is under development for transmission imaging, based on GaAs and direct conversion of X-rays into an electrical signal. A shared collimator will be used for both emission and transmission measurements. Some preliminary design has been performed. For the current design, the expected gamma spectrometric response of a typical high-purity germanium detector has been simulated with MCNP for minimum and maximum source activities (specified by CEA) to be measured in future.

The European contribution to the procurement of the ITER Remote Handling systems

Fusion for Energy (F4E) will manage the European in-kind contribution of various remote handling (RH) systems for the maintenance of ITER components: (i) the divertor cassette movers, end effectors, manipulator arms and tooling; (ii) 50% of the transfer casks, in particular the air transfer systems and some in-cask devices; (iii) the in-vessel viewing and metrology system (IVVS); (iv) the Neutral Beam (NB) Cell crane, manipulator arms, tooling, Caesium Oven replacement tooling, NB source installation/removal trolley, auxiliary vehicles. A wide range of technologies is involved: special monorail crane, movers, manipulator arms, pipe cutting/welding tooling, special cameras, laser-based metrology devices, control systems, virtual reality. An important aspect to consider is the resistance to radiation levels that range from max ∼10 KGy/h for IVVS down to ∼1 Gy/h for the RH devices operating in the NB cell. Given the unprecedented complexity of the ITER maintenance scenario, a development strategy is being implemented that includes prototyping and testing of RH subsystems before proceeding with the final production for ITER. This paper presents an overview of the various procurement packages, the status of development for each of them, the validation and procurement strategy, including issues like radiation resistance and standardisation policy, and the organisational and managerial challenges in relation with the complex ITER Organisation (IO).

Procurement of the ITER magnet components supplied by F4E

Fusion for Energy (F4E) will manage the in-kind contribution from Europe (EU) to ITER of about one quarter of the machine magnet components. This contribution will consist in 10 Toroidal Field (TF) coils, 5 (out of 6) Poloidal Field (PF) coils, 20% of the Nb3Sn conductor used in the TF coils and 15% of the PF coil NbTi conductor. In addition, 12 pre-compression fibreglass rings for the TF system will be procured. This paper presents the complex organization and status of the procurement activities of the F4E magnet components. The technical and managerial challenges, in terms of fabrication, quality assurance and schedule, are also highlighted.

Development of a virtual reality simulator for the ITER blanket remote handling system

The authors developed a simulator for the remote maintenance system of the ITER blanket using a general 3D robotic simulation software, ENVISION. The simulator is connected to the control system of the manipulator, which was developed as part of the blanket maintenance system during the Engineering Design Activity (EDA), and can reconstruct the positions of the manipulator and blanket module using position data transmitted from motors through a LAN. In addition, it can provide virtual visual information (e.g., about the interface structures behind the blanket module) by making the module transparent on the screen. It can also be used for confirming a maintenance sequence before the actual operation. The simulator will be modified further, with addition of other necessary functions, and will finally serve as a prototype of the actual simulator for the blanket remote handling system, which will be procured as part of an in-kind contribution.