In-house Activities Research Articles

유아교사의 개인 배경 변인에 따른 전문성 지원환경 인식 차이 연구

Objectives In this study, we tried to analyze and discuss the differences in perception of early childhood teachers' personal background variables(age, academic background, career, type of early childhood education institution, and age) (opportunities for professional learning and development, relationship between teachers and directors, expectations for teachers and infants, and decision-making).
 Methods A total of 624 early childhood teachers working in kindergartens and daycare centers in the metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas were surveyed to collect data. Using SPSS 21.0, independent sample t-verification, ANOVA, and Scheffé follow-up verification were conducted to analyze differences in recognition and technical statistics such as internal consistency analysis, data normality verification, mean and standard deviation.
 Results In terms of professional learning and development opportunities, there were significant differences in perception according to the age, career, type of early childhood education institution, and age of the teacher and director. In the perception of expectations for teachers and infants, there was a significant difference according to the age of teachers and the type of early childhood education institution. However, in the case of teacher autonomy and decision-making, no significant difference in perception was found according to individual background variables.
 Conclusions Based on these findings, it was suggested that it is necessary to establish a professional support environment considering the individual characteristics of early childhood teachers, and that discussions on the professional support environment for early childhood teachers need to be approached by subdividing them into sub-variables as well as higher concepts. In addition, the necessity of activating various in-house activities, seminars, and study meetings in consideration of teacher experience to support the professional development and learning of early childhood teachers was discussed.

Global trends in digital preservation: Outsourcing versus in-house practices

Digital preservation encompasses policies, technologies, and strategies to ensure that digital objects and collections will sustain for future use. This study aimed at investigating the trends toward digital preservation in terms of in-house activities versus outsourcing by systematically reviewing the extant literature. The relevant studies were identified by accessing multiple databases and indexing and abstracting services. After retrieving the relevant literature, necessary filtering was done by following the PRISMA protocols, and thereafter the selected studies were finalized for further review. The meta-analysis of the final studies affirms a strong global preference of libraries, archives, and other cultural and memory organizations toward in-house activities for the preservation of their digital objects and collections compared to outsourcing digital preservation activities by third parties. The results of this study provide a holistic view of how digital assets are being preserved in memory institutions across the world and underpin the global management (in-house or outsourced) approaches for digital preservation.

Gender gap in mobility outside home in urban India

India has one of the highest levels of gender inequality in the world. Work participation rate of women is among the lowest, with a wide gender gap. There are seclusion norms that restrict the mobility of women outside the home. However, transport literature in India has not explored the impact of this lack of autonomy on gender differences in travel demand. I use 2019 population-representative nationwide time-use survey of India. The dataset reported both travel and non-travel activities for 30-minute episodes over a 24-hour period. For urban residents, I analysed gender differences in trip rates and mobility rates, where the latter is defined as the percentage going out of home at least once on the reporting day. I developed gender-stratified logistic regression models at the individual level with mobility as a binary outcome. It was found that 53% of the females did not report going out of the home compared to only 14% of males. The mobility of females reduces steeply from adolescence to young adulthood and then remains largely stable at a low level before reducing further for older adults. No such variation is observed among males, except their mobility is also reduced among older adults. There is a clear dichotomy with women mostly participating in in-house activities while men mostly involved in out-of-home activities. Adolescence or adulthood, marriage, living with one or more household members, having an infant in the house, lower income, and less education are associated with a lower likelihood of female mobility. The results highlight the need for gender-stratified analysis for transportation research, and a need for greater engagement across the disciplines of development economics, social sciences, and transport planning.

Seven-year experience in a low vision rehabilitation clinic at a tertiary referral center

Background: Low vision is a major public health concern worldwide. This study was aimed at describing the characteristics of patients who had visited a low-vision rehabilitation clinic.
 Methods: In this retrospective study, we reviewed the medical records of patients with low vision attending a low-vision rehabilitation clinic at a tertiary referral center over 7 years. Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of vision impairment and availability of complete records. We extracted the following data from each record: age, sex, education level, employment status, chief complaints concerning vision, associated ocular diseases, uncorrected distance and near visual acuities, best-corrected distance and near visual acuities, statuses of previous and current prescribed optical devices, and cooperation status of patients during the optometric examination.
 Results: We enrolled a total of 567 patients, including 338 (59.6%) men and 229 (40.4%) women, with a mean (standard deviation) age of 40.46 (28.34) years. Most (98.4%) participants were cooperative, with a high rate of unemployment (90.5%) and low education level. Half (49.2%) of the patients had moderate visual impairment. Retinal pathologies, mainly congenital (28.4%), and age-related macular degeneration (ARMD; 26.5%) were common causes of low vision. Difficulty in reading was the most frequent complaint (22.9%), and a combination of difficulties in reading, writing, and facial recognition was recorded in 54.7% of the patients. Other functional complaints were reported by at least 5% of the patients. Our multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the likelihood of difficulties in performing in-house activities, reading, facial recognition and social interaction, and driving increased per 10-year increment in age, with odds ratios of 1.39, 1.31, 1.24, and 1.22, respectively (all P < 0.05). The likelihood of reporting three complaints (reading, writing, and facial recognition together) increased per 0.1-logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution increment in the best-corrected distance visual acuity of the better eye, with an odds ratio of 2.05 (P < 0.05). In addition, men were more likely to experience difficulties in driving and reading, while women were more likely to experience difficulties in facial recognition and social interaction or in-house activities (all P < 0.05). Optical devices for distance or near vision were prescribed to most patients.
 Conclusions: Most patients were men and unemployed. The most common category of low vision was moderate impairment. Retinal conditions, mainly congenital ones and ARMD, were the most frequent causes. A combination of difficulties in reading, writing, and facial recognition was the most common complaint. Optometrists should address these findings during rehabilitation therapy to treat patients with low vision.

Pivoting to suppliers’ emissions

Apple declared 2 years ago that it had achieved carbon neutrality—a balance between carbon emitted and carbon absorbed—across its corporate operations. The claim appeared to position the tech giant as a leader among the many companies hoping to make the same announcement by 2050 as signatories to the Paris climate accords. Most companies realize, however, that corporate operations are only one source of their carbon emissions. Every Apple iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, and Apple TV—indeed, every product the company sells—has a carbon footprint that is not figured into its claims regarding in-house activities. This leaves a lot out. By some estimates , as much as 80% of emissions associated with a company’s products, a measurement known as product carbon footprint (PCF), occur elsewhere along its supply chain. Industry efforts to measure greenhouse gas emissions date back to 1998, when a standard known as the Greenhouse Gas Protocol was introduced by

Test Result of a Full-Scale Prototype of Beam Separation Dipole Magnet for the High-Luminosity LHC Upgrade

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) is developing Nb-Ti based beam separation dipole (MBXF) for the high-luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) upgrade within the framework of CERN–KEK collaboration. This magnet produces field integral of 35 T•m in a 150 mm bore at 12 kA and 1.9 K. KEK has fabricated and tested three 2 m-long model magnets as in-house activities. After the technologies cultivated in these model magnet development was transferred from KEK to a manufacture, construction of the first full-scale prototype (MBXFP1) started in Hitachi. This paper reports test result of cold test for MBXFP1 including training, mechanical behavior, magnetic field quality and quench protection.

COMMERCIALIZATION COVERT APPROACH AND TOURISM

Media has developed a capability to influence the modern world to think/behave in a certain direction, casting a huge impact among new generation as recent studies have shown that the new generation has started neglecting critical and social aspects of life. Children have started to engage themselves in smartphones and games, and have lost their interest in physical activities and communicating skills. In the past, families used to plan their visits to the touristic attractions and museums/monuments along with children being more excited than anyone else, but with the invention of online gaming and other attractions at the ease of accessibility at home, this trend is changing, impacting the collective decisions for use of spare time preferring in-house activities rather plan visits to outdoor attractions. The new generation started throwing tantrums and anger issues which were not evident prior to this technological revolution. Children are bombarded with modern technology which cast negative impact in the minds of the children as the kids of this generation are more regularly in contact with technology and gadgets. The technological advancement in media is changing the lifestyles, thought processes, and somehow isolating us to the inner selves, preventing to enjoying the nature oriented outer world and tourism. Technology generation observe human emotions in a mechanical way at a very young age and hence eventually develop these traits. Keywords: Materialistc Approch, Values, Children behavior, Media impact, Culture, Tantrum/ Frustration

Outsourcing as a Leveraging Strategy for Organizational Productivity in Covid-19 Era

The year 2020 was notably one of the most very challenging years in recent times, with the whole world responding and looking to recover from the health and economic challenges posed by the Covid-19 pandemic which impacted hard on every sphere of life. Considering the ferocity of global competition, most businesses have been caught up in revising many operational matters and strategies so as to be able to manage the effects of the pandemic. This they have done by striving to take advantage of areas that they can exploit for improved efficiency as well as reduce costs in order to avail more time for activities that generate revenue. This paper, which adopted analytical discussion of secondary data and anchored on transactional cost economics as its theoretical framework, evaluated the efficacy of outsourcing as a management and production strategy which not only helps companies to overcome productivity challenges by providing unlimited opportunities in this Covid-19 era but equally helps them streamline operations by adding additional resources and value that may have been lacking in-house. This, most business organizations did by re-adjusting and appraising their production and management strategies with regards to their opportunities and strengths; and relinquishing by contracting those activities that challenged their competencies to other third-party professional organizations that performed their hitherto in-house activities for them. It is recommended that in current times, going for an outsourcing partner may be the best thing an organization can do to retain optimal productivity. Keywords : Outsourcing, Covid-19, Transaction cost economics, Pandemic DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/13-6-14 Publication date: March 31 st 2021

The effects of in-house activities as preliminary boundary crossing activities in young workers:

The effects of in-house activities as preliminary boundary crossing activities in young workers:

Awareness of cloud-based library management software (LMS) in VTU engineering college libraries

Evolution of Information Communication Technology (ICT) trigger the development of many new technologies. Internet and cloud computing are few among them. Invasion of ICT and its applications inspired the librarians to automate libraries and provide good services to their stakeholders. Library automation is a giant leap in the library science filed. It speedup the process of in-house activities and increase the effectivity in library services. Cloud computing is the recent development in communication field. Latest development is entire world is embracing cloud computing and libraries are not exceptional. Cloud-based library management software is a cost effective, work effective to provide good services to the library users in academic libraries. Keywords: Cloud computing, Library Management Software, Cloud-based ILMS.

Elderly care through unusual behavior detection: A disaster management approach using IoT and intelligence

This article attempts to provide a minimal disaster management framework for the elderly who are living alone. Elderly people are generally vulnerable to hazards and emergency situations. The proposed framework aims at developing an Internet of Things (IoT)-based intelligent, protective ecosystem for elderly that calls for help in emergencies such as floods, earthquakes, home fires, volcanic eruptions, and storms. This disaster system makes use of a range of calamity sensors in conjunction with in-house activities of the elderly subject. In the case of mishappening, the disaster relief authorities, community members, and other stakeholders will be instantly informed. All these sensors are powered through an uninterrupted electricity supply system, which will continue to work even in the case of power outages. The work carried out in this article is deeply inspired by the need to have holistic platforms that ensure a low-cost, robust, and responsive disaster alert system for the elderly (DASE) in place. Our objective is to overcome many of the shortcomings in the existing systems and offer a reactive disaster recovery technique. Additionally, this article also incorporates the need to take care of numerous important factors, for instance, the elderly individual's limited physical and cognitive limitations, ergonomic requirements, spending capacity, etc.

International trade in services: Some evidence on the influence of international servicification of manufacturing

Objective: The aim of the article is to discuss the impact of international servicification of manufacturing on international trade in services and its modes. Research Design & Methods: The article is of a descriptive character, based on comprehensive literature review. It presents an analytical frameworks of international servicification of manufacturing (i.e. its concept, constituents and measuring methods) as well as an overview of main findings of selected empirical research on this phenomenon carried out by WTO, National Board of Trade and OECD. Findings: The analysis shows that services as inputs, outputs as well as in-house activities within manufacturing firms constitute a key component of manufacturing process and manufacturing products. As the globalization progresses, the international dimension of the servicification of manufacturing, i.e. international servicification, increases. International servicification means that manufacturing sector strongly affects trade in services and this influence goes far beyond the scope of GATS’ modes of supplying services. In addition to cross-border transactions and rendering services through the movement of labour and capital this trade encompasses services embodied in exported or imported goods which are traded indirectly across borders. Contribution & Value Added: An added value of this paper is the description of mechanisms and channels of international servicification’ impact on modes of service supply.

The Influence of Knowledge Sources on Firm-Level Innovation: The Case of Slovak and Hungarian Manufacturing Firms

This paper seeks to examine the various sources of knowledge and innovation that Slovak and Hungarian manufacturing firms rely on to improve their innovative performance. To carry out our empirical analysis we used the multiple regression technique and data from the Community Innovation Survey conducted between 2010 and 2012. Our empirical analysis demonstrated divergent results for both countries. Slovak firms derived their innovation from in-house activities and other sources such as scientific journals and conferences while Hungarian firms relied on market sources such as cooperation with clients or customers from the private sector for their innovation as well as from scientific journals. However, there was a convergence in the results, manufacturing firms in both countries didn’t collaborate with research institutions such as universities and other public and private research organization for their innovation. This study, therefore, proposes firms to foster closer collaboration with these research institutions since they are the birthplaces of innovation that can increase their competitiveness and innovation performance.

Taking Clinical Legal Education from Classrooms to Streets: A Practical Perspective to Solving Social Problems

Whenever the discourse of clinical legal education (CLE) ascends, the likely injudicious assumption that may come to one’s mind, especially of a layman is that, it concerns only classroom or clinically confined pedagogy marked by simulations; in-house law student learning activities that end up with their regular experiences of the learning processes. However, CLE in reality, beyond parochial thinking is a socio-legal justice tool for addressing motley challenges of humanity particularly those that confront poverty-stricken and vulnerable citizens who are always undid from equal opportunities and access to the court system. Thus, this article argues that CLE transcends what goes on in typical classrooms or law clinics. The article explores different realistic clinical legal education justice initiatives (CLEJIs) that university and law school students can work with in fostering social justice in a wider societal context. To achieve this purpose, the article considers a rethink of the concept of CLE to capture its historical rationales against definitional setback offered by some authors. It further highlights some critical issues indispensable for the sustainability of CLE initiatives around the world. While the argument of this study draws upon existing findings, it presents new ideas achieved through synthesis of thinking in a qualitatively analytical perspective.

Libraries: Resource Centre of Languages Learning Environment

Language is the medium of communication existed means visually in nature, humanity and culture that are not dependent on any special format or medium of communications. India is the ‘Incredible’ source of languages that diversify in various geographical boundaries. Constitutional provision with its amendments its representatives and users give oriented multidimensional safeguards to nation building. Presently, wants and needs have current results disengaged with social participation, inheritance less consideration or forward to next generation and digital addiction following declining language-centred services also measures that give languages less importance. This paper emphasises to delimit the boundaries related to language services and connectivity with languages for the welfare of all people in terms of libraries as a resource centre of language environment. The library is one place centre where universal data, information and knowledge about any language retrieve in desired medium and formats by individual user/residents. To describe the important role of libraries for languages, a model is prepared called ‘Libraries are mirrors’ and summarise mainly under the following steps such as Role of Libraries and Librarians, Bottom-to-top approach shows the users centric inhouse activities, Languages resources classification according to dewy Decimal Classification. Top-to-bottom approach distinguishes the dissemination of services at various levels such as anticipatory, reprographic, reference and referral service with web-based open access catalogue. Libraries provide translation of source languages into target languages with multidimensional behaviour. Important links are lists to find languages source and service. Some important suggestions put forth for the development and welfare languages and its users.

Like a hotel, but boring: users\u2019 experience with short-time community-based residential aftercare

BackgroundThe discharge process from hospital to home for patients with severe mental illness (SMI) is often complex, and most are in need of tailored and coordinated community services at home. One solution is to discharge patients to inpatient short-stay community residential aftercare (CRA). The aim of this study was to explore how patients with SMI experience a stay in CRA established in a City in Central Norway.MethodsA descriptive qualitative study with individual interviews and a group interview with 13 persons. The CRA aims to improve the discharge process from hospital to independent supported living by facilitating the establishment of health and social services and preparing the patients. The philosophy is to help patients use community resources by e.g. not offering any organized in-house activities. The main question in the interviews was “How have you experienced the stay at the CRA?” The interviews were analyzed with a thematic approach using systematic text condensation.ResultsThe participants experienced the stay at the CRA “Like a hotel” but also boring, due to the lack of organized in-house activities. The patients generally said they were not informed about the philosophy of the CRA before the stay. The participants had to come up with activities outside the CRA and said they got active help from the staff to do so; some experienced this as positive, whereas others wanted more organized in-house activities like they were used to from mental health hospital stays. Participants described the staff in the CRA to be helpful and forthcoming, but they did not notice the staff being active in organizing the aftercare.ConclusionsThe stay at the CRA was experienced as different from other services, with more freedom and focus on self-care, and lack of in-house activities. This led to increased self-activity among the patients, but some wanted more in-house activities. To prepare the patients better for the stay at the CRA, more information about the philosophy is needed in the pre-admission process.

Understanding Customer Opinions From Online Discussion Forums: A Design Science Framework

Online discussion forums, which are full of user-generated content including user opinions and comments, are a potential gold mine for exploring new and useful ideas to augment competence in innovation. Companies need to systematically analyze and interpret online commentaries to enhance in-house research and design activities. To this end, a framework is proposed using a design science approach to enable automatic analysis of the content of online opinions and comments in connection with specific products, using a web lexicon established for this purpose. Furthermore, this framework is applied to an automobile as a proof-of-concept. Several nicknames for the car brand studied were created by web users, some with irony and sarcasm. A few metaphorical expressions were also used to describe product features. Engineering practitioners should recognize the importance of stylized online expressions in order to have a better understanding of customer needs and expectations through the application of this framework, which incorporates an evolutionary web lexicon.

Outsourcing bioanalytical services at Janssen Research and Development: the sequel anno 2017.

The strategy of outsourcing bioanalytical services at Janssen has been evolving over the last years and an update will be given on the recent changes in our processes. In 2016, all internal GLP-related activities were phased out and this decision lead to the re-orientation of the in-house bioanalytical activities. As a consequence, in-depth experience with the validated bioanalytical assays for new drug candidates is currently gained together with the external partner, since development and validation of the assay and execution of GLP preclinical studies are now transferred to the CRO. The evolution to externalize more bioanalytical support has created opportunities to build even stronger partnerships with the CROs and to refocus internal resources. Case studies are presented illustrating challenges encountered during method development and validation at preferred partners when limited internal experience is obtained or with introduction of new technology.

Benefits of Outsourcing Strategy and IT Technology in Clinical Trials.

Introduction:Aim of this paper is to describe some of models of outsourcing (numerous and response to different types of risks and increment of quality is based on individual problem and situation). Defining whether to outsource or not and whether to build or buy new information technology (IT) is question for contract research organization (CRO) and Pharma companies dealing with clinical trials, so the aim of this paper is to show business model that could make process of decision making less time consuming, less segmented and more efficient.Material and methods:This paper has a descriptive character, and represents a review of the literature that deals with the described issues.Results:Outsourcing should enable optimal capacity flexibility (technology that is outsourced should be done only optimally not entirely). The goal with CRO partners is to establish equivalent levels of global quality, as extensions of other research and development activities (by unification of standards of performance of alliance partners with best standards of industry). IT is gaining greater significance at each stage of clinical study and represent an inevitable element of the quality of a clinical study (for the purpose of monitoring of clinical site activities, data collection and management, medical monitoring, statistical programming, statistical analysis, clinical study reporting).Conclusion:CROs are able to maximize work within the CRO global development, to support the notion of a fully integrated outsourced company; facilitate the use of similar business processes and norms, reusing established CRO standards and improve CRO operational decision making within outsourced studies by providing consistent and current information across outsourced and in-house activities.

Supply chain shared risk self-financing for incremental sales

ABSTRACTLack of credit during periods of financial stress can reduce sales in an entire supply chain. To reduce the reliance on external credit, we introduce a new financing framework in which key supply chain stakeholders accept delayed payment for a pre-agreed portion of their product or service. By doing so throughout the supply chain, each stakeholder must self-finance only their in-house activities—but not the cost of purchased components and services because those are in turn financed by their suppliers. Intended to account for only a small fraction of sales, this framework is limited to supplying customers who do not qualify for external financing. The payments from these customers are distributed among the value chain stakeholders according to an agreed-upon policy. These additional sales would otherwise be lost for lack of consumer credit. This approach increases sales and profitability for the entire supply chain and is especially advantageous during credit crunches. In addition to describing this new financing framework, this article places it in the context of other financing arrangements, provides an example with cash flow and net present value calculations, and identifies implementation challenges and characteristics of supply chains that are good candidates.