In-furrow Research Articles

Soybean Cultivar Response to Metalaxyl Applied In Furrow and as a Seed Treatment

AbstractPhytophthora root rot of soybean [Glycine max (L.)Merr.], caused by Phytophthora megasperma Drechs, f. sp. glycinea Kaun and Erwin, is a major disease problem in the Upper Midwest. This study was conducted to determine soybean performance with metalaxyl [N‐ (2,6‐dimethyl phenyl)‐N‐(methylacetyl)alanine methyl ester] fungicide on cultivars with different resistance and tolerance to this disease under low to moderate Phytophthora root rot potentials. Yield, plant density, and a Phytophthora root rot index were determined for metalaxyl treatments applied at labeled rates in furrow (IF) and as a seed treatment (ST) on 10 cultivars in two Wisconsin locations in 1985 and 1986, and IF at 0, 85, 170, and 340 g a.i. ha−1 on five cultivars at two 1987 locations. Yields of two, four, and five cultivars were increased by metalaxyl ST, IF, or IF+ ST treatments, respectively, in two moderate Phytophthora root rot diseased environments. Soybean yields with ST did not differ from IF for any cultivar. The cultivar AP200 with IF+ST treatment yielded more than IF alone. The AP200 plant stand at V2 stage was increased by IF+ST compared with the control. In furrow metalaxyl treatment decreased plant stand compared with ST for ‘S18‐84’. In two 1985 and 1986 environments, without detected Phytophthora root rot, soybean yields were decreased by 280 g ha−1 metalaxyl applied IF at 0.42, 0.25, 0.26, and 0.20 Mg ha−1 for S18‐84, AP200, ‘Century 84’, and ‘L1771’, respectively. However, in additional studies conducted in 1987 at two locations in the absence of Phytophthora root rot, metalaxyl applied at 85 to 340 g ha−1 IF did not influence the yield of five cultivars. Metalaxyl can be an effective fungicide for soybean Phytophthora root rot control; however, yield for certain cultivars may be adversely affected where there is no disease control benefit.

Systemic Insecticide Trial, 1986

Abstract Certified Class B ‘Katahdin’ seed potatoes were planted 29 Apr in a Hagerstown silt loam soil at Landisville, Lancaster County, PA. Plant spacing was 9 inches with 34 inches between rows. Plots were 6 rows x 20 ft and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Treatments consisted of in-furrow applications of Temik 15G, Furadan 15G, Thimet 20G, or Oxamyl 15G, each applied at 3.0 lb (AI)/acre. Additional treatments consisted of: Temik at 1.0 lb (AI)/acre applied in-furrow (IF) plus 1.0 lb (AI)/acre applied as a side-dress at plant emergence (EM); and Temik at 2.0 lb (AI)/acre applied as a side-dress only (EM). Colorado potato beetle (CPB) was sampled weekly on 10 randomly selected plants in each plot. Damage index was assigned on a scale of: (1) 0-5% leaf loss to (5) > 75% leaf loss. On 29 Jul the entire field was sprayed with Pydrin 2.4EC (0.2 lb (AI)/acre) to reduce CPB pressure. Two rows per plot were harvested on 16 Sep and graded by size.

Systemic Insecticides to Control the Colorado Potato Beetle in Potatoes, 1984

Abstract Potato seed pieces were planted in a Sassafras sandy loam field on 10 Apr, ’84. Plots were 20 ft long and 3 ft wide arranged in a randomized complete block experimental design with 4 replications. Granular treatments were applied in a 6-inch band with a hand shaker; liquid treatments were applied with a sprinkler can in a 6-inch band as a drench application (300 gal/acre). In-furrow (IF) treatments were applied just prior to seeding and topdress (TD) treatments were appled on 10 May (cracking) as a 4-inch band over the top of the row and lightly incorporated. Colorado potato beetle (CPB) larvae were counted on 19 Jun and 5 Jul; % plant defoliation was recorded on 26 Jun, 5 and 9 Jul. Plots were harvested on 1 Aug and tubers were examined for cutworm and wireworm damage. Plots were irrigated when moisture was below normal.

Potato Leafhopper Control in Glabrous Soybean Isolines, 1980

Abstract Efficacy of 2 soil-incorporated, systemic insecticides against the potato leafhopper (PLH) was evaluated in 52 plots near Ames, IA. Soil type was a poorly drained, Colland clay loam. Plots, each measuring 8 m x 4 rows (76-cm centers), were planted on May 15. Granular insecticides were applied at planting by 2 methods (7 in surface band (B), in-furrow (IF)) to the glabrous (= susceptible) isoline. A 2-row buffer of the glabrous isoline surrounded each plot. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Emergence occurred on May 23. Stand county were taken 18 days postemergence to detect phytotoxic effects. Adults were sampled using a D-Vac vacuum insect sampler (1 ft2 cone) with 8 subsamples/pl ot at 18, 33, 49, and 66 days postemergence. Soybean development on these dates corresponded to the 2 trifoliolate, 5 trifoliolate, 9 trifoliolate, and midbloom stages respectively. Yield response was assessed on Oct 8 by harvesting 3 row-m/plot.

Irish Potato, Wireworm Control, Guildhall, Vermont, 1979

Abstract This study was located on the Burt Peasley Farm, Guildhall, Vermont which is contiguous with the potato growing region of Coos County, New Hampshire. The area used was prepared for its second year of potato production after being in grass sod for more than 20 years. The plots were 24 ft by 50 ft with each treatment replicated 3 times in a randomized block design. Broadcast (BC) treatments were made on May 27, 1980 just prior to planting and were worked into the soil to a depth of 4 inches. The soil temperature at this time was 12°C. Spray treatments were applied with a B & G CO2 pressurized sprayer at a rate of 36 gal/acre (40 psi) using a 5 ft hand held boom. Dyfonate 4E and Parathion 8E were also applied as a delayed broadcast (DBC) treatment on Jun 12, 1980 to evaluate any benefits in control when applying liquid sprays later in the season when the soil has a chance to warm up. These treatments were incorporated using a hand rake. At this time the potatoes had not started to crack the ground and the soil had not begun to warm up (10°C). Broadcast granular treatments were made by preweighing and distributing individual doses over each plot using a cyclone seeder. Eight rows of Katahdin Irish potatoes 36-inches apart were planted in the broadcast treated plots immediately following incorporation. These treatments also received Temik 15G at 3 lb ai/acre applied to the seed furrow to control foliage feeding insects. The in-furrow (IF) treatments of Dyfonate 10G and Dyfonate 20G were applied using a Gandy plot applicator to furrows that had been left open by removing the drags on the potato planter. These rows were then covered by hand. These in furrow treatments also received Temik 15G in the furrow. Evaluation were made on Sep 27, 1980 by examining 100 washed tubers from the center two rows of each plot and counting the number injured by either wireworms or white grubs. Yields were determined by weighing all the potatoes from 20 feet of row from each plot.