In-body Wireless Communication Research Articles

A Miniaturized Circularly-Polarized Antenna for In-Body Wireless Communications.

A novel miniaturized single-fed circularly-polarized (CP) microstrip patch antenna operating in the Industrial, Scientific, Medical (ISM) band of 2.40–2.48 GHz, is comprehensively proposed for implantable wireless communications. By employing reactive loading in the arrow-shaped slotted patch to form slow wave effect and embedding V-shaped slots into patch to lengthen the current path, the proposed implantable antenna is minimized with the overall dimensions of 9.2 mm × 9.2 mm × 1.27 mm. The radiation patterns of the proposed antenna illustrate the performance of left-handed circular polarization. The simulated results show that an impedance bandwidth of 7.2% (2.39–2.57 GHz) and an axial ratio bandwidth of 3.7% (2.39–2.48 GHz) at the ISM band are achieved, respectively. Ex vivo measured results are in good agreement with the corresponding simulated ones.

Data-Centric Routing for Intra Wireless Body Sensor Networks.

A significant proportion of the worldwide population is of the elderly people living with chronic diseases that result in high health-care cost. To provide continuous health monitoring with minimal health-care cost, Wireless Body Sensor Networks (WBSNs) has been recently emerged as a promising technology. Depending on nature of sensory data, WBSNs might require a high level of Quality of Service (QoS) both in terms of delay and reliability during data reporting phase. In this paper, we propose a data-centric routing for intra WBSNs that adapts the routing strategy in accordance with the nature of data, temperature rise issue of the implanted bio-medical sensors due to electromagnetic wave absorption, and high and dynamic path loss caused by postural movement of human body and in-body wireless communication. We consider the network models both with and without relay nodes in our simulations. Due to the multi-facet routing strategy, the proposed data-centric routing achieves better performance in terms of delay, reliability, temperature rise, and energy consumption when compared with other state-of-the-art.

Corrections to “Performance of Implantable Folded Dipole Antenna for In-Body Wireless Communication” [Mar 13 1363-1370

In the above paper (ibid., vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 1363-1370, Mar. 2013), the units of the required RX power RP and available RX power AP erroneously appeared as [dB], whereas they should have appeared as [dB/Hz].

Characteristics of Electric Field and Radiation Pattern on Different Locations of the Human Body for In-Body Wireless Communication

An in-body wireless communication system has attracted increasing attention because it can replace the connectivity of biological telemetry monitoring. However, the human body is a very complex environment (lossy, dispersive, and inhomogeneous) and affects the electromagnetic (EM) wave in the near field. Moreover, the entire human geometry affects the radiation pattern in the far field. This communication presents the behavior of the EM wave in the near and far fields at 2.45 GHz when a dipole antenna (used as an implantable antenna) is embedded in the vicinity of the clavicle, upper arm, lower arm, and hand of a human body. The effect on the electric field and radiation performance is simulated by the finite-difference time-domain method. By introducing a three-layered phantom, the antenna performance is confirmed. Moreover, the measured and simulated results are in good agreement with each other. The information derived from this study can be used in the evaluation of the link budget of in-body wireless communication.

Performance of Implantable Folded Dipole Antenna for In-Body Wireless Communication

Implantable devices have been continually anticipated as a future tool for in-body wireless communication because of their potential to replace cable connectivity with biological telemetry monitoring. This paper presents an implanted compact folded antenna of 20.3 mm × 0.8 mm × 0.8 mm that is designed to operate at one of the UHF bands (0.951-0.956 GHz). The measurement is implemented with an equivalent human phantom such as layered phantom representing the human arm. When the proposed antenna is implanted into a human arm, it has a maximum antenna gain of -23.5 dBi and wireless communication is viable because the margin exceeds 20 dB, according to link budget calculations.

Performance evaluation and experiment of an implantable RFID tag antenna in human arm for in-body wireless communication

Performance evaluation and experiment of an implantable RFID tag antenna in human arm for in-body wireless communication

Design of small implantable RFID antenna for 2.4GHz band for in-body wireless communication

Design of small implantable RFID antenna for 2.4GHz band for in-body wireless communication