Abstract
A novel miniaturized single-fed circularly-polarized (CP) microstrip patch antenna operating in the Industrial, Scientific, Medical (ISM) band of 2.40–2.48 GHz, is comprehensively proposed for implantable wireless communications. By employing reactive loading in the arrow-shaped slotted patch to form slow wave effect and embedding V-shaped slots into patch to lengthen the current path, the proposed implantable antenna is minimized with the overall dimensions of 9.2 mm × 9.2 mm × 1.27 mm. The radiation patterns of the proposed antenna illustrate the performance of left-handed circular polarization. The simulated results show that an impedance bandwidth of 7.2% (2.39–2.57 GHz) and an axial ratio bandwidth of 3.7% (2.39–2.48 GHz) at the ISM band are achieved, respectively. Ex vivo measured results are in good agreement with the corresponding simulated ones.
Highlights
Implantable medical devices (IMDs) have increasingly caught the attention of the scientific community due to their wireless capabilities of detecting bio-medical information and transmitting health data much more flexibly and conveniently than traditional wired sensors placed exterior to the body [1,2,3]
The 402–405 MHz medical implant communication services (MICS) band [13] and the 1395–1400 MHz wireless medical telemetry services (WMTS) band [14] are designated for the implantable antennas
Implantable devices used for the biomedical telemetry are typical microsystem and cannot accommodate large antennas
Summary
Implantable medical devices (IMDs) have increasingly caught the attention of the scientific community due to their wireless capabilities of detecting bio-medical information and transmitting health data much more flexibly and conveniently than traditional wired sensors placed exterior to the body [1,2,3]. Considerable design efforts, such as employing high-permittivity dielectric substrates [15], loading shorting pins to connect the patch and the ground [16], and extending the current flow path on the patch surface [17], have been made to realize the compact dimension of the implantable antennas. Many crucial factors such as biocompatibility, specific absorption rate (SAR), far-field radiation, and operating bandwidth, should be considered during the designing of implantable antennas. A miniaturized CP squared patch antenna for implantable devices at the ISM band of 2.40–2.48 was fullGyHczhawraasctperreilzimedin,avrielyrifiyntirnogduthceedgiono[d24p].eArfftoerrmthaant,cfeuotufrtehweoprrkosphoasveedbeaenntecnarnriaedtoopuot.loIngyt.hiTshrough introducairntigcler,eaanctiinv-deelpotahdsitnugdy, solnowthewwaovrekienfgfepcrtinicsipfolermaneddaomnortehedertaadileiadtaonr,almysaiskoinngthtehepedrfiomrmenansicoen of the proposeodf athnetepnrnopaocsoedmapnatcetn.na are presented while a proof-of-concept fabricated prototype was fully.
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